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Article ; Online: Implementation of Early Detection and Intervention for Cerebral Palsy in High-Risk Infant Follow-Up Programs: U.S. and Global Considerations.

Maitre, Nathalie L / Damiano, Diane / Byrne, Rachel

2023 Volume 50, Issue 1, Page(s) 269–279

Abstract: Early detection and intervention for cerebral palsy is best practice for all high-risk infants according to international guidelines, consensus statements and research-supported evidence. It allows support for families and optimization of developmental ... ...

Abstract	Early detection and intervention for cerebral palsy is best practice for all high-risk infants according to international guidelines, consensus statements and research-supported evidence. It allows support for families and optimization of developmental trajectories into adulthood. All phases of implementation of CP early detection can be found across the world in high-risk infant follow-up programs, demonstrating feasibility and acceptability through standardized implementation science. The largest clinical network for CP early detection and intervention in the world has now sustained an average age at detection less than 12 months corrected age for more than 5 years. Targeted referrals and interventions for CP can now be offered to patients in optimal periods of neuroplasticity, and new therapies researched as the age of detection decreases. Implementation of guidelines and incorporation of rigorous CP research studies both allow high-risk infant follow-up programs to fulfill their mission of improving outcomes of those with the most vulnerable developmental trajectories from birth.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Infant ; Cerebral Palsy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Early Diagnosis ; Implementation Science
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	193116-7
ISSN	1557-9840 ; 0095-5108
ISSN (online)	1557-9840
ISSN	0095-5108
DOI	10.1016/j.clp.2022.11.005
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Article ; Online: Factors associated with delayed diagnosis of leprosy in an endemic area in Northeastern Brazil: a cross-sectional study.

Santos, Glicya Monaly Claudino Dos / Byrne, Rachel L / Cubas-Atienzar, Ana Isabel / Santos, Victor Santana

Cadernos de saude publica

2024 Volume 40, Issue 1, Page(s) e00113123

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the factors related to the individual and the health system that contribute to delayed diagnosis of leprosy in an endemic area in the Northeastern Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study of 120 individuals with leprosy. ... ...

Abstract	This study aimed to investigate the factors related to the individual and the health system that contribute to delayed diagnosis of leprosy in an endemic area in the Northeastern Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study of 120 individuals with leprosy. Demographic and clinical data and information on the factors related to the individual and the health system that contribute to delayed diagnosis of leprosy were obtained. Delayed diagnosis in months was estimated for each participant by interviews. A multivariate Poisson's regression analysis was performed between the outcome and the independent variables. The median delay in the diagnosis of leprosy was 10.5 (4.0-24.0) months. Approximately 12.6% of participants had grade 2 disability (G2D) at the time of diagnosis. In the multivariate Poisson regression analysis, males, older age, low schooling level, residing in urban areas, multibacellar or tuberculoid leprosy, not seeking healthcare immediately after symptom onset, suspected leprosy, excessive referrals, and the need for three or more consultations to confirm the diagnosis were associated with longer diagnostic delay. This study found a significant delay in the diagnosis of leprosy in Arapiraca, Northeastern Brazil, which may explain the continuously high rate of G2D among new cases. Factors related to the individual and the health system were associated with longer diagnostic delay. Interventions to raise awareness of the disease among the general population and strengthen primary health care are urgently needed.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Delayed Diagnosis ; Brazil/epidemiology ; Leprosy/diagnosis ; Leprosy/epidemiology ; Educational Status
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-08
Publishing country	Brazil
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1115730-6
ISSN	1678-4464 ; 0102-311X
ISSN (online)	1678-4464
ISSN	0102-311X
DOI	10.1590/0102-311XEN113123
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Article ; Online: Factors associated with delayed diagnosis of leprosy in an endemic area in Northeastern Brazil

Glicya Monaly Claudino dos Santos / Rachel L. Byrne / Ana Isabel Cubas-Atienzar / Victor Santana Santos

Cadernos de Saúde Pública, Vol 40, Iss

a cross-sectional study

2024 Volume 1

Abstract: Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the factors related to the individual and the health system that contribute to delayed diagnosis of leprosy in an endemic area in the Northeastern Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study of 120 individuals with ... ...

Abstract	Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the factors related to the individual and the health system that contribute to delayed diagnosis of leprosy in an endemic area in the Northeastern Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study of 120 individuals with leprosy. Demographic and clinical data and information on the factors related to the individual and the health system that contribute to delayed diagnosis of leprosy were obtained. Delayed diagnosis in months was estimated for each participant by interviews. A multivariate Poisson’s regression analysis was performed between the outcome and the independent variables. The median delay in the diagnosis of leprosy was 10.5 (4.0-24.0) months. Approximately 12.6% of participants had grade 2 disability (G2D) at the time of diagnosis. In the multivariate Poisson regression analysis, males, older age, low schooling level, residing in urban areas, multibacellar or tuberculoid leprosy, not seeking healthcare immediately after symptom onset, suspected leprosy, excessive referrals, and the need for three or more consultations to confirm the diagnosis were associated with longer diagnostic delay. This study found a significant delay in the diagnosis of leprosy in Arapiraca, Northeastern Brazil, which may explain the continuously high rate of G2D among new cases. Factors related to the individual and the health system were associated with longer diagnostic delay. Interventions to raise awareness of the disease among the general population and strengthen primary health care are urgently needed.
Keywords	Leprosy ; Delayed Diagnosis ; Disability Evaluation ; Medicine ; R ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: "High-risk for cerebral palsy" designation: A clinical consensus statement.

Maitre, Nathalie L / Byrne, Rachel / Duncan, Andrea / Dusing, Stacey / Gaebler-Spira, Deborah / Rosenbaum, Peter / Winter, Sarah

Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicine

2022 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 165–174

MeSH term(s)	Cerebral Palsy/therapy ; Consensus ; Humans
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-11
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2403637-7
ISSN	1875-8894 ; 1874-5393
ISSN (online)	1875-8894
ISSN	1874-5393
DOI	10.3233/PRM-220030
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Article ; Online: Distinguishing ASH Clinical Practice Guidelines from Other Forms of ASH Clinical Advice.

Cuker, Adam / Kunkle, Robert / Bercovitz, Rachel Sara / Byrne, Michael T / Djulbegovic, Benjamin / Haberichter, Sandra L / Holter-Chakrabarty, Jennifer / Lottenberg, Richard / Pai, Menaka / Rezende, Suely Meireles / Seftel, Matthew D / Silverstein, Roy L / Terrell, Deirdra R / Cheung, Matthew C

Blood advances

2024

Abstract: The American Society of Hematology (ASH) develops a variety of resources that provide guidance to clinicians on the diagnosis and management of blood diseases. These resources include clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and other forms of clinical advice. ...

Abstract	The American Society of Hematology (ASH) develops a variety of resources that provide guidance to clinicians on the diagnosis and management of blood diseases. These resources include clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and other forms of clinical advice. While both ASH CPGs and other forms of clinical advice provide recommendations, they differ with respect to the methods underpinning their development, the principal type of recommendations they offer, their transparency and concordance with published evidence, and the time and resources required for their development. It is crucial that end users be aware of the differences between CPGs and other forms of clinical advice and that producers and publishers of these resources use clear and unambiguous terminology to facilitate their distinction. The objective of this article is to highlight similarities and differences between ASH CPGs and other forms of ASH clinical advice and to discuss the implications of these differences for end users.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2915908-8
ISSN	2473-9537 ; 2473-9529
ISSN (online)	2473-9537
ISSN	2473-9529
DOI	10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011102
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Article: An investigation of

Kelly, David J / Marples, Nicola M / Byrne, Rachel L / Fogarty, Ursula / Kenny, Kevin / Cameron, Henrietta / Griffin, Denise / Holland, Celia V

International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife

2022 Volume 19, Page(s) 311–316

Abstract: We investigated the relationship between the presence of helminth parasites in European badgers, and their tuberculosis (TB) status, culled as part of the bovine TB eradication programme in Ireland. Data on the worm burden or faecal egg or larval count ... ...

Abstract	We investigated the relationship between the presence of helminth parasites in European badgers, and their tuberculosis (TB) status, culled as part of the bovine TB eradication programme in Ireland. Data on the worm burden or faecal egg or larval count was available for all helminth taxa recorded. Lymph node tissue samples were taken from the badgers and tested for TB. We then explored the correlation, in full-grown badgers, between the likelihood of
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2715239-X
ISSN	2213-2244
ISSN	2213-2244
DOI	10.1016/j.ijppaw.2022.11.001
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Article ; Online: Stakeholder engagement in neonatal clinical trials: an opportunity for mild neonatal encephalopathy research.

Chalak, Lina / Pilon, Betsy / Byrne, Rachel / Maitre, Nathalie

Pediatric research

2022 Volume 93, Issue 1, Page(s) 4–6

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Brain Diseases/therapy ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases/therapy ; Stakeholder Participation ; Clinical Trials as Topic
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	4411-8
ISSN	1530-0447 ; 0031-3998
ISSN (online)	1530-0447
ISSN	0031-3998
DOI	10.1038/s41390-022-02067-y
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Article ; Online: Distinctive features of the respiratory syncytial virus priming loop compared to other non-segmented negative strand RNA viruses.

Cressey, Tessa N / Shareef, Afzaal M / Kleiner, Victoria A / Noton, Sarah L / Byrne, Patrick O / McLellan, Jason S / Mühlberger, Elke / Fearns, Rachel

PLoS pathogens

2022 Volume 18, Issue 6, Page(s) e1010451

Abstract: ... In a previous study of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) polymerase, we found that Tyr1276, the L protein ... indicate that Pro1261 of the RSV L protein plays a role in initiation, most likely in stabilizing ...

Abstract	De novo initiation by viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases often requires a polymerase priming residue, located within a priming loop, to stabilize the initiating NTPs. Polymerase structures from three different non-segmented negative strand RNA virus (nsNSV) families revealed putative priming loops in different conformations, and an aromatic priming residue has been identified in the rhabdovirus polymerase. In a previous study of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) polymerase, we found that Tyr1276, the L protein aromatic amino acid residue that most closely aligns with the rhabdovirus priming residue, is not required for RNA synthesis but two nearby residues, Pro1261 and Trp1262, were required. In this study, we examined the roles of Pro1261 and Trp1262 in RNA synthesis initiation. Biochemical studies showed that substitution of Pro1261 inhibited RNA synthesis initiation without inhibiting back-priming, indicating a defect in initiation. Biochemical and minigenome experiments showed that the initiation defect incurred by a P1261A substitution could be rescued by factors that would be expected to increase the stability of the initiation complex, specifically increased NTP concentration, manganese, and a more efficient promoter sequence. These findings indicate that Pro1261 of the RSV L protein plays a role in initiation, most likely in stabilizing the initiation complex. However, we found that substitution of the corresponding proline residue in a filovirus polymerase had no effect on RNA synthesis initiation or elongation. These results indicate that despite similarities between the nsNSV polymerases, there are differences in the features required for RNA synthesis initiation.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; RNA, Viral/metabolism ; RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase/genetics ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/genetics ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/metabolism ; Rhabdoviridae/genetics
Chemical Substances	RNA, Viral ; RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (EC 2.7.7.48)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2205412-1
ISSN	1553-7374 ; 1553-7374
ISSN (online)	1553-7374
ISSN	1553-7374
DOI	10.1371/journal.ppat.1010451
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Article ; Online: Postpartum Depression Risk following Prenatal Diagnosis of Major Fetal Structural Anomalies.

Herrera, Christina L / Byrne, John J / Nelson, David B / Schell, Rachel C / Dashe, Jodi S

American journal of perinatology

2021 Volume 39, Issue 1, Page(s) 16–21

Abstract: Objectives: Our primary objective was to evaluate how prenatal diagnosis of a major fetal structural anomaly and resulting pregnancy outcome affected postpartum depression risk, as assessed by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Secondary ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Our primary objective was to evaluate how prenatal diagnosis of a major fetal structural anomaly and resulting pregnancy outcome affected postpartum depression risk, as assessed by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Secondary objectives were to review the rate of mental health follow-up and subsequent diagnosis of postpartum depression in screen-positive women. Study design: Singleton pregnancies with prenatal diagnosis of one or more major fetal structural anomalies were ascertained from prospectively maintained databases that included perinatal outcomes and subsequent EPDS responses from January 2010 to May 2018. EPDS scores of 13 or higher were considered positive and prompted referral for mental health follow-up, which was verified by medical record review. Statistical analyses were performed using Student's Results: A total of 1,306 women had a prenatal diagnosis of one or more major fetal structural anomalies, 896 (68%) also had a postpartum EPDS screening, and 82 (9.2%) screened positive. Positive EPDS screening was more common with anomalies of multiple organ systems (16.5 vs 7.8%, Conclusion: Among women with a prenatal diagnosis of a major fetal structural anomaly, those experiencing a perinatal loss or pregnancy termination have an increased risk of positive EPDS screen result compared with who have a neonate surviving to discharge. A depressive disorder was diagnosed postpartum in 22% of these women with a positive EPDS screen. Our findings highlight the mental health needs in this vulnerable population. Key points: · Adverse pregnancy outcome increased positive EPDS screen risk among women with prenatal anomalies.. · A depressive disorder was diagnosed postpartum in 22% of such women with a positive EPDS screen.. · Our findings highlight the mental health needs in this vulnerable population..
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aneuploidy ; Chromosome Disorders/diagnosis ; Congenital Abnormalities/diagnosis ; Congenital Abnormalities/psychology ; Depression, Postpartum ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnosis ; Humans ; Nervous System Malformations ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Prenatal Diagnosis/psychology ; Risk
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	605671-4
ISSN	1098-8785 ; 0735-1631
ISSN (online)	1098-8785
ISSN	0735-1631
DOI	10.1055/s-0041-1739265
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Article ; Online: The nuanced nature of mesic refugia in arid landscapes: a tale of two peas.

Bradbury, Donna / Binks, Rachel M / van Leeuwen, Stephen / Coates, David J / McArthur, Shelley L / Macdonald, Bronwyn M / Hankinson, Margaret / Byrne, Margaret

Annals of botany

2022 Volume 130, Issue 6, Page(s) 901–916

Abstract: Background and aims: Understanding how genetic diversity is distributed and maintained within species is a central tenet of evolutionary and conservation biology, yet is understudied in arid regions of the globe. In temperate, glaciated environments, ... ...

Abstract	Background and aims: Understanding how genetic diversity is distributed and maintained within species is a central tenet of evolutionary and conservation biology, yet is understudied in arid regions of the globe. In temperate, glaciated environments, high genetic diversity in plant species is frequently found in refugial areas, which are often associated with southern non-glaciated landscapes. In arid, unglaciated environments, landscape features providing mesic conditions are likely to be refugia, although our understanding needs more refinement in these biomes. We test whether refugia and nuclear diversity hotspots occur in high-elevation, topographically complex areas for co-distributed shrubs (Petalostylis labicheoides and Indigofera monophylla; Fabaceae) in the ancient, arid Pilbara bioregion of north-western Australia. Methods: We conducted extensive sampling of the Pilbara (>1400 individuals from 62 widespread populations) to detect patterns in nuclear diversity and structure based on 13-16 microsatellite loci. Evidence of historical refugia was investigated based on patterns of diversity in three non-coding chloroplast (cp) sequence regions for approx. 240 individuals per species. Haplotype relationships were defined with median-joining networks and maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees. Key results: We found cpDNA evidence for a high-elevation refugium in P. labicheoides but not for I. monophylla that instead exhibited extraordinary haplotype diversity and evidence for persistence across a widespread area. Nuclear diversity hotspots occurred in, but were not exclusive to, high-elevation locations and extended to adjacent, low-elevation riparian areas in both species. Conclusions: Phylogeographic refugia in arid environments may occur in high-elevation areas for some species but not all, and may be influenced by species-specific traits: a mesic montane refugium in P. labicheoides could be related to its preference for growth in water-gaining areas, while a lack of such evidence in I. monophylla could be related to maintenance of cpDNA diversity in a large soil seed bank and dynamic evolutionary history. Mesic environments created by the intersection of topographically complex landscapes with riparian zones can be contemporary reservoirs of genetic diversity in arid landscapes.
MeSH term(s)	Refugium ; Phylogeny ; Pisum sativum/genetics ; Phylogeography ; DNA, Chloroplast/genetics ; Haplotypes ; Genetic Variation
Chemical Substances	DNA, Chloroplast
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1461328-1
ISSN	1095-8290 ; 0305-7364
ISSN (online)	1095-8290
ISSN	0305-7364
DOI	10.1093/aob/mcac126
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