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  1. Article: The 18th International Twin Congress, and a Look at Twin Research in Wales/Twin Research Reviews: Temperamental Similarities and Twin Relations; Maximizing Twin Designs; Rare Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy; Twins' Academic Self-Concept Formation/In the Media: Identical Infant Twins Reunited; Birth of Identical-Fraternal Quadruplets; Identical Twin Comedians; 'Twice in a Lifetime': Meeting an Unrelated Look-Alike; Twins in the Tour de France.

    Segal, Nancy L

    Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies

    2023  , Page(s) 1–6

    Abstract: ... an unrelated look-alike, and twins in the Tour de France. ...

    Abstract The 18th International Society for Twin Studies convention took place between June 15-17, 2023, in Budapest, Hungary. A selective sampling of highlights from the meeting are presented. This is followed by a brief overview of ongoing twin research at the University of Aberystwyth in Wales and some twin treasures in the National Library. Next, reviews of timely research that examine temperamental similarities and twin relations, the maximization of twin research designs, a rare ectopic twin pregnancy, and twins' academic self-concept formation are presented. The final section covers stories appearing in various media sources that are informative, enlightening, and interesting, namely a reunion of identical infant twins, the birth of identical-fraternal quadruplets, identical twin comedians, meeting an unrelated look-alike, and twins in the Tour de France.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2182682-1
    ISSN 1839-2628 ; 1832-4274
    ISSN (online) 1839-2628
    ISSN 1832-4274
    DOI 10.1017/thg.2023.31
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Quadruplets: Risks, Outcomes and a Set of Four/Twin Research Reviews and a Lawsuit: Antenatal Corticosteroids and Twins' Neonatal Outcomes; Fathers of Twins; Doppelgängers and Similarity; Monozygotic Co-Twin Difference in Asymmetric Pigmented Paravenous Chorioretinal Atrophy/In the News: Opposite-Sex Twin Holocaust Survivors; Twin Models at Gucci; Twins With Different Fathers; Reunited Twins Enter Same Convent; Death of a Twin Soldier During Training; Surgical Separation of Conjoined Twins.

    Segal, Nancy L

    Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies

    2023  Volume 25, Issue 6, Page(s) 251–256

    Abstract: ... look-alikes) reveal about physical and behavioral similarity, and monozygotic (MZ) co-twin discordance ...

    Abstract Quadruplets are at elevated physical risks at prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal levels, relative to twins. A brief review of this area is followed by discussion of a female quadruplet with three co-quadruplet brothers. Next, several timely twin research reports are examined. The topics include antenatal corticosteroids and twins' neonatal outcomes, the meaning of fatherhood in families with twins, what doppelgängers (look-alikes) reveal about physical and behavioral similarity, and monozygotic (MZ) co-twin discordance for asymmetric pigmented paravenous chorioretinal atrophy. A lawsuit involving alleged cheating on a medical school examination by identical twins is also reviewed. General interest stories cover opposite-sex twin Holocaust survivors, twin models at a Gucci fashion show, twins with different fathers, reunited female twins who entered the same convent, the death of an MZ female twin soldier during training, and the surgical separation of conjoined twins in Brazil.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Holocaust ; Military Personnel ; Survivors ; Twins, Conjoined ; Twins, Monozygotic/genetics
    Chemical Substances Adrenal Cortex Hormones
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2182682-1
    ISSN 1839-2628 ; 1832-4274
    ISSN (online) 1839-2628
    ISSN 1832-4274
    DOI 10.1017/thg.2022.41
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Salivary diagnostics: enhancing disease detection and making medicine better.

    Segal, Alik / Wong, David T

    European journal of dental education : official journal of the Association for Dental Education in Europe

    2008  Volume 12 Suppl 1, Page(s) 22–29

    Abstract: To monitor health status, disease onset and progression, and treatment outcome non-invasively is a most desirable goal in the health care delivery and health research. There are three prerequisites necessary to reach this goal: 1. A non-invasive method ... ...

    Abstract To monitor health status, disease onset and progression, and treatment outcome non-invasively is a most desirable goal in the health care delivery and health research. There are three prerequisites necessary to reach this goal: 1. A non-invasive method for collecting biological samples. 2. Specific biomarkers associated with health or disease. 3. A technology platform to rapidly discriminate the biomarkers. An initiative catalysed by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) has created a roadmap to achieve this goal through the use of oral fluids as the diagnostic medium to scrutinize the health and disease status. This is an ideal opportunity to bridge state-of-the-art saliva-based biosensors and disease-discriminatory salivary biomarkers in diagnostic applications. Oral fluid, often called the mirror of the body, is a perfect medium to be explored for health and disease surveillance. The translational applications and opportunities are enormous. This review presents the translational value of saliva as a credible clinical diagnostic fluid and the scientific rationale for such use.
    MeSH term(s) Biomarkers/analysis ; Diagnosis ; Disease ; Health Status ; Humans ; Saliva/chemistry ; Technology, Dental
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-02-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1386587-0
    ISSN 1396-5883
    ISSN 1396-5883
    DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0579.2007.00477.x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Handedness in twins reared apart: A review of the literature and new data.

    Richards, Gareth / Segal, Nancy L

    Neuropsychologia

    2023  Volume 184, Page(s) 108523

    Abstract: ... for right-hand and left-hand speed. We also found hand preference strength was more alike than chance in DZA ...

    Abstract Reared-apart twin studies are a powerful means for identifying the relative contributions of heredity and environment to variation in human physical and behavioural traits. One such characteristic is handedness, for which it has long been noted that approximately 20% of twin pairs are comprised of one right-handed cotwin and one left-handed cotwin. Reared-together twin studies suggest a slightly greater concordance in monozygotic (MZT) than dizygotic (DZT) twins, implying that genetics influences hand preference. We report here two studies of handedness in reared-apart twins. Study 1 synthesizes the available data and estimates that at least N = 560 same-sex reared-apart twin pairs (for which zygosity is known with reasonable confidence) have been identified. Of these, handedness data are available for both members of n = 415 pairs. We observed similar levels of concordance/discordance for reared-apart monozygotic (MZA) and dizygotic (DZA) twins. However, although direction of handedness (right or left) has frequently been examined, strength of handedness (strong or weak) has not. Study 2 examined strength of hand preference and relative hand skill, as well as right- and left-hand speed, information available for participants in the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart (MISTRA). We provide evidence of heritability for right-hand and left-hand speed. We also found hand preference strength was more alike than chance in DZA, but not MZA, twins. Findings are discussed in relation to genetic and environmental influences on human handedness.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Twins, Monozygotic/genetics ; Functional Laterality/genetics ; Twins, Dizygotic/genetics ; Mental Processes
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 207151-4
    ISSN 1873-3514 ; 0028-3932
    ISSN (online) 1873-3514
    ISSN 0028-3932
    DOI 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108523
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: [Pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium after elective ambulatory surgery: etiology, risk factors and prevalence].

    Gololobov, Alik / Todris, Liat / Berman, Yakov / Rosenberg-Gilad, Zipi / Schlaeffer, Pnina / Kenett, Ron / Ben-Jacob, Ron / Segal, Eran

    Harefuah

    2015  Volume 154, Issue 4, Page(s) 236–9, 280

    Abstract: Introduction: Emergence delirium (ED) is a common problem among children and adults recovering from general anesthesia after surgery. Its symptoms include psychomotor agitation, hallucinations, and aggressive behavior. The phenomenon, which is most ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Emergence delirium (ED) is a common problem among children and adults recovering from general anesthesia after surgery. Its symptoms include psychomotor agitation, hallucinations, and aggressive behavior. The phenomenon, which is most probably an adverse effect of general anesthesia agents, harms the recovery process and endangers the physical safety of patients and their health. Ranging between 10% and 80%, the exact prevalence of ED is unknown, and the risk factors of the phenomenon are unclear.
    Goals: The aim of the current retrospective study was to determine the prevalence rate of ED in 3947 children recovering from general anesthesia after short elective ambulatory surgery, and to map the influence of various risk factors on this phenomenon.
    Method: Data were collected using electronic medical records. ED severity was assessed using the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale.
    Results and discussion: Results showed the prevalence of ED among children. ED was significantly correlated with patients' age, type of surgery and premedication. ED was not correlated with severity of pain, type of anesthesia or with patients' sex.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures/methods ; Anesthesia Recovery Period ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Delirium/epidemiology ; Delirium/etiology ; Elective Surgical Procedures/methods ; Humans ; Infant ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Severity of Illness Index
    Language Hebrew
    Publishing date 2015-04
    Publishing country Israel
    Document type English Abstract ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 953872-0
    ISSN 0017-7768
    ISSN 0017-7768
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Decorrelation of retinal response to natural scenes by fixational eye movements.

    Segal, Irina Yonit / Giladi, Chen / Gedalin, Michael / Rucci, Michele / Ben-Tov, Mor / Kushinsky, Yam / Mokeichev, Alik / Segev, Ronen

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2015  Volume 112, Issue 10, Page(s) 3110–3115

    Abstract: Under natural viewing conditions the input to the retina is a complex spatiotemporal signal that depends on both the scene and the way the observer moves. It is commonly assumed that the retina processes this input signal efficiently by taking into ... ...

    Abstract Under natural viewing conditions the input to the retina is a complex spatiotemporal signal that depends on both the scene and the way the observer moves. It is commonly assumed that the retina processes this input signal efficiently by taking into account the statistics of the natural world. It has recently been argued that incessant microscopic eye movements contribute to this process by decorrelating the input to the retina. Here we tested this theory by measuring the responses of the salamander retina to stimuli replicating the natural input signals experienced by the retina in the presence and absence of fixational eye movements. Contrary to the predictions of classic theories of efficient encoding that do not take behavior into account, we show that the response characteristics of retinal ganglion cells are not sufficient in themselves to disrupt the broad correlations of natural scenes. Specifically, retinal ganglion cells exhibited strong and extensive spatial correlations in the absence of fixational eye movements. However, the levels of correlation in the neural responses dropped in the presence of fixational eye movements, resulting in effective decorrelation of the channels streaming information to the brain. These observations confirm the predictions that microscopic eye movements act to reduce correlations in retinal responses and contribute to visual information processing.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Eye Movements ; Fixation, Ocular ; Retina/physiology ; Urodela/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-03-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.1412059112
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: A Possible Twin: The 1960s Twin Study Revisited/Twin Research: Twin-to-Twin Heart Transplantation; Distinguishing Monozygotic Twins; Twin Conceptions via Oocyte Donation; Factors Affecting Craniofacial Traits/In the Media: Triplet Delivery in the UK; Conjoined Twins and the Concept of Self; Colombian Twin Trainers; Skin Grafting to Save an Identical Co-Twin; Lack of Physical Flaws in Dolly the Cloned Sheep; Possible Conjoined Twins of Opposite-Sex; Passing of the Remaining Twin From the World's Longest Separated Pair.

    Segal, Nancy L

    Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies

    2018  Volume 21, Issue 2, Page(s) 155–162

    Abstract: ... whose daughter caught a glimpse of his striking look-alike at a popular market. Many people have so-called ...

    Abstract This article begins with the story of a 51-year-old Los Angeles, California man, Justin Goldberg, whose daughter caught a glimpse of his striking look-alike at a popular market. Many people have so-called doppelgängers, but this occurrence is especially intriguing - the individual in question, born in New York City in the mid-1960s to an unwed mother, was an adoptee placed by the Louise Wise Adoption Agency. This agency, under the guidance of a prominent psychiatrist, decided to place twins in separate homes. Some of these twin children were part of a controversial child development study that was hidden from them and their parents. Next, recent and current twin research on heart transplantation, distinguishing monozygotic co-twins, twin conceptions via oocyte donation and factors affecting craniofacial traits are summarized. The article concludes with highlights on twins in the media, specifically, a triplet delivery in the United Kingdom, self-concept and consciousness in conjoined twins, Colombian twin trainers, skin grafting to save an identical co-twin, lack of physical flaws in Dolly the cloned sheep, possible opposite-sex conjoined twins, and the passing of the remaining twin from the world's longest separated pair.
    MeSH term(s) Adoption ; Animals ; Cloning, Organism ; Craniofacial Abnormalities ; Female ; Fertilization ; Heart Transplantation ; Humans ; Male ; Oocyte Donation ; Quantitative Trait, Heritable ; Sheep ; Skin Transplantation ; Twins, Conjoined ; Twins, Monozygotic ; United Kingdom
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-03-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type News ; Twin Study
    ZDB-ID 2182682-1
    ISSN 1839-2628 ; 1832-4274
    ISSN (online) 1839-2628
    ISSN 1832-4274
    DOI 10.1017/thg.2018.4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Pairs of Genetically Unrelated Look-Alikes : Further Tests of Personality Similarity and Social Affiliation.

    Segal, Nancy L / Hernandez, Brittney A / Graham, Jamie L / Ettinger, Ulrich

    Human nature (Hawthorne, N.Y.)

    2018  Volume 29, Issue 4, Page(s) 402–417

    Abstract: ... involving genetically unrelated look-alikes, U-LAs) explores associations among resemblance in appearance ... Relationship Survey were variously completed by 45 U-LA pairs, identified from the "I'm Not a Look-Alike ...

    Abstract Relationships of physical resemblance to personality similarity and social affiliation have generated considerable discussion among behavioral science researchers. A "twin-like" experimental design (involving genetically unrelated look-alikes, U-LAs) explores associations among resemblance in appearance, the Big Five personality traits, self-esteem, and social attraction within an evolutionary framework. The Personality for Professionals Inventory (PfPI), NEO/NEO-FFI-3, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and a Social Relationship Survey were variously completed by 45 U-LA pairs, identified from the "I'm Not a Look-Alike" project, Mentorn Media, and personal referrals. The mean U-LA intraclass correlations were negligible for all Big Five personality traits on the PfPI and NEO/NEO-FFI-3 (r
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Facial Recognition ; Humans ; Personality ; Self Concept ; Social Perception
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-09-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1020326-6
    ISSN 1936-4776 ; 1045-6767
    ISSN (online) 1936-4776
    ISSN 1045-6767
    DOI 10.1007/s12110-018-9326-2
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  9. Article ; Online: Thermodynamic uncertainty relation in thermal transport.

    Saryal, Sushant / Friedman, Hava Meira / Segal, Dvira / Agarwalla, Bijay Kumar

    Physical review. E

    2019  Volume 100, Issue 4-1, Page(s) 42101

    Abstract: ... quantum alike. We test this condition and study the breakdown of the TUR in different thermal transport ...

    Abstract We use the fundamental nonequilibrium steady-state fluctuation symmetry and derive a condition on the validity of the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) in thermal transport problems, classical and quantum alike. We test this condition and study the breakdown of the TUR in different thermal transport junctions of bosonic and electronic degrees of freedom. We prove that the TUR is valid in harmonic oscillator junctions. In contrast, in the nonequilibrium spin-boson model, which realizes many-body effects, it is satisfied in the Markovian limit, but violations arise as we tune (reduce) the cutoff frequency of the thermal baths, thus observing non-Markovian dynamics. We consider heat transport by noninteracting electrons in a tight-binding chain model. We show that the TUR is feasibly violated by tuning, e.g., the hybridization energy of the chain to the metal leads. These results manifest that the validity of the TUR relies on the statistics of the participating carriers, their interaction, and the nature of their couplings to the macroscopic contacts (metal electrodes and phonon baths).
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-11-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2844562-4
    ISSN 2470-0053 ; 2470-0045
    ISSN (online) 2470-0053
    ISSN 2470-0045
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevE.100.042101
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  10. Article ; Online: Inflatable Penile Prosthesis in the Ambulatory Surgical Setting: Outcomes From a Large Urological Group Practice.

    Weinberg, Aaron C / Siegelbaum, Marc H / Lerner, Brad D / Schwartz, Blair C / Segal, Robert L

    The journal of sexual medicine

    2020  Volume 17, Issue 5, Page(s) 1025–1032

    Abstract: ... and health systems alike look to reduce healthcare costs.: Aim: To evaluate IPP surgical outcomes ...

    Abstract Background: The definitive treatment for erectile dysfunction is the surgical implantation of a penile prosthesis, of which the most common type is the 3-piece inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) device. IPP surgery in outpatient freestanding ambulatory surgical centers (ASC) is becoming more prevalent as payers and health systems alike look to reduce healthcare costs.
    Aim: To evaluate IPP surgical outcomes in an ASC as compared to contemporaneously-performed hospital surgeries.
    Methods: A database of all patients undergoing IPP implantation by practitioners in the largest private community urology group practice in the United States, from January 1, 2013 to August 1, 2019, was prospectively compiled and retrospectively reviewed. Cohorts of patients having IPP implantation performed in the hospital vs ASC setting were compared.
    Main outcome measure: The primary outcome measure was to compare surgical data (procedural and surgical times, need for hospital transfer from ASC) and outcomes (risk for device infection, erosion, and need for surgical revision) between ASC and hospital-based surgery groups.
    Results: A total of 923 patients were included for this analysis, with 674 (73%) having ASC-based surgery and 249 (27%) hospital-based, by a total of 33 surgeons. Median procedural (99.5 vs 120 minutes, P < .001) and surgical (68 vs 75 minutes, P < .001) times were significantly shorter in the ASC. While the risk for device erosion and need for surgical revision were similar between groups, there was no higher risk for prosthetic infection when surgery was performed in the ASC (1.7% vs 4.4% [hospital], P = .02), corroborated by logistic regression analysis (odds ratio 0.39, P = .03). The risk for postoperative transfer of an ASC patient to the hospital was low (0.45%). The primary reason for mandated hospital-based surgery was medical (51.4%), though requirement as a result of insurance directive (39.7%) was substantial.
    Clinical implications: IPP implantation in the ASC is safe, has similar outcomes compared to hospital-based surgery with a low risk for need for subsequent hospital transfer.
    Strengths & limitations: The strengths of this study include the large patient population in this analysis as well as the real-world nature of our practice. Limitations include the retrospective nature of the review as well as the potential for residual confounding.
    Conclusion: ASC-based IPP implantation is safe, with shorter surgical and procedural times compared to those cases performed in the hospital setting, with similar functional outcomes. These data suggest no added benefit to hospital-based surgery in terms of prosthetic infection risk. Weinberg AC, Siegelbaum MH, Lerner BD, et al. Inflatable Penile Prosthesis in the Ambulatory Surgical Setting: Outcomes From a Large Urological Group Practice. J Sex Med 2020;17:1025-1032.
    MeSH term(s) Erectile Dysfunction/surgery ; Group Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Penile Implantation ; Penile Prosthesis ; Retrospective Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-18
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2251959-2
    ISSN 1743-6109 ; 1743-6095
    ISSN (online) 1743-6109
    ISSN 1743-6095
    DOI 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.02.015
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