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Article: Impact of Sputum Volume in the Diagnosis of Smear-Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

Chandra, T Jaya

International journal of applied & basic medical research

2019 Volume 9, Issue 2, Page(s) 73–74

Abstract: Objective: To find the impact of sputum volume in the diagnosis of smear-positive (SP) pulmonary tuberculosis (PT) and its association with gender.: Materials and methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, GSL Medical College. ...

Abstract	Objective: To find the impact of sputum volume in the diagnosis of smear-positive (SP) pulmonary tuberculosis (PT) and its association with gender. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, GSL Medical College. PT patients were included and informed to provide good-quality sputum; volume was not mentioned. Smears were stained by Ziehl-Neelsen technique. Based on the volume of sample submitted, the participants were divided into three groups. Chi-square test was used to find the statistical significance; Results: Volume-wise, 22, 38, and 74 participants submitted sputum, respectively, in groups, <2 mL, 2-5 mL, and >5 mL; statistically, the difference was significant ( Conclusions: Notable number of SP cases are identified in ≤5 mL sputum. Hence, sample should not be discarded/rejected if the volume is <5 mL.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-19
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2645750-7
ISSN	2248-9606 ; 2229-516X
ISSN (online)	2248-9606
ISSN	2229-516X
DOI	10.4103/ijabmr.IJABMR_11_18
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: One-sample two-smear versus two-sample two-smear approach for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Chandra, T Jaya

Journal of laboratory physicians

2018 Volume 10, Issue 2, Page(s) 135–139

Abstract: Background: To evaluate the efficacy of one-sputum sample two-smear approach for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PT).: Materials and methods: Data from January 2012 to December 2015 were analyzed to find (1) number of smear positives (SPs) ... ...

Abstract	Background: To evaluate the efficacy of one-sputum sample two-smear approach for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PT). Materials and methods: Data from January 2012 to December 2015 were analyzed to find (1) number of smear positives (SPs) by spot (S) sample with one and two smears; (2) number of SPs by morning (M) sample with one and two smears; and (iii) number of SPs by two samples with two smears, that is, same-day (SS Results: With one-sample two-smear approach, the smear positivity (SPT) was 87% and 87.5%, for S and M samples, respectively, for Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining; whereas, SPT was 96% and 97%, respectively, for S and M samples, for fluorescent staining (FS) technique. With two-sample two-smear approach, for ZN staining, SPT was 89% each and for FS technique, SPT was 97% and 99%, respectively, for SS Conclusion: Significant number of SP cases are identified by S sample two-smear approach. Thus, the World Health Organization/Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme can initiate S sample two-smear approach for the diagnosis of PT.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-03-22
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2461120-7
ISSN	0974-7826 ; 0974-2727
ISSN (online)	0974-7826
ISSN	0974-2727
DOI	10.4103/JLP.JLP_145_17
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Article ; Online: One-sample two-smear versus two-sample two-smear approach for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis

T. Jaya Chandra

Journal of Laboratory Physicians, Vol 10, Iss 02, Pp 135-

2018 Volume 139

Abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy of one-sputum sample two-smear approach for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from January 2012 to December 2015 were analyzed to find (1) number of smear positives (SPs) by ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy of one-sputum sample two-smear approach for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from January 2012 to December 2015 were analyzed to find (1) number of smear positives (SPs) by spot (S) sample with one and two smears; (2) number of SPs by morning (M) sample with one and two smears; and (iii) number of SPs by two samples with two smears, that is, same-day (SS2) and spot morning (SM) approaches. The Chi-square test was used to evaluate the statistical difference in SP cases. RESULTS: With one-sample two-smear approach, the smear positivity (SPT) was 87% and 87.5%, for S and M samples, respectively, for Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) staining; whereas, SPT was 96% and 97%, respectively, for S and M samples, for fluorescent staining (FS) technique. With two-sample two-smear approach, for ZN staining, SPT was 89% each and for FS technique, SPT was 97% and 99%, respectively, for SS2 and SM approaches. The difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05) between one- and two-sample approaches in the staining techniques. CONCLUSION: Significant number of SP cases are identified by S sample two-smear approach. Thus, the World Health Organization/Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme can initiate S sample two-smear approach for the diagnosis of PT.
Keywords	sample ; staining ; tuberculosis ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	310
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Impact of Anti-stigma Educational Intervention about Mental Illness among Medical Students

Naga Chaitanya Duggirala / VV Jagadeesh Settem / Prabhath Koilada / T Jaya Chandra

Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, Vol 17, Iss 5, Pp VC06-VC

A Quasi-experimental Study

2023 Volume 09

Abstract: ... SV) scale. T-test was used to statistically analyse the data. Results: Total 85 participants were ...

Abstract	Introduction: Stigma about mental illness continues to complicate the lives of the stigmatised even as treatment improves their illness. Health professionals sometimes discriminate based on general public’s stigmatising views towards people with mental illness. There is a pressing need to improve understanding of the range of factors contributing to this. Aim: To assess the impact of anti-stigma educational intervention about mental illness among medical students and to identify the impact of this on their attitude, knowledge, behaviour and empathy. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted at a tertiary teaching hospital, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India, from September 2015 to August 2016. A total of 170 medical students from 4th semester were included and divided into test and control groups with 85 students in each group. Stigma was measured by assessing attitude, knowledge, behaviour and empathy. For the test group, it was assessed at baseline, immediate postintervention and one year later as Test 1, 2 and 3 and baseline for controll. Mental health-related knowledge was measured with Mental Health Knowledge Schedule (MAKS) scale, attitude with Mental Illness Clinician’s Attitudes (MICA) scale, Reported and Intended Behaviour Scale (RIBS) to measure behaviour and empathy by Jefferson Scale of Empathy Student Version (JSE-SV) scale. T-test was used to statistically analyse the data. Results: Total 85 participants were included in each group. Genderwise, the mean±SD of MAKS scores were statistically significant in test 3 also within the test group. Genderwise MICA scores were statistically not significant in the groups, within the test group statistically there was significant difference between test 2 and 3. Within the test group, for RIBS scores were statistically significant between test 1, 2 and 2, 3 and genderwise there was no significance. For JSE-SV scores, there was statistically significant difference between the gender in test 2 but no significant difference among the ...
Keywords	clinicians attitude ; empathy ; intended behaviour ; mental health ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A New Optimized Hybrid Local Lifting Wavelet Co-occurrence Texture Pattern for Content Based Medical Image Retrieval

R Varaprasada Rao / T Jaya Chandra Prasad

International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering, Vol 17, Iss 11, Pp 157-

2021 Volume 175

Abstract: Medical image retrieval (MIR) is a hard task owing to the varied patterns and structures in the medical images. The feature descriptors have been used to describe the images in most MIR approaches. Based on the local relationship, several feature ... ...

Abstract	Medical image retrieval (MIR) is a hard task owing to the varied patterns and structures in the medical images. The feature descriptors have been used to describe the images in most MIR approaches. Based on the local relationship, several feature descriptors of neighbouring image pixels have been proposed for MIR so far, but their low performance scores make them unsuitable. In this paper, an efficient optimized hybrid local lifting wavelet co-occurrence texture pattern for content-based MIR is proposed. Initially, image resize and Adaptive histogram equalization technique is used to carried out for contrast enhancement. Then Local Lifting Wavelet Co-occurrence Texture Pattern is derived using Local tetra pattern, Gradient directional pattern, lifting wavelet transform and Gray level co-occurrence matrix. An Equilibrium optimization technique is employed to select the most important features of an image from the obtained feature vectors (FV). Finally, to match the query image with the database images, distance between their FV is computed and the minimum distance images are considered as retrieval outcome. Three benchmark medical databases of various modalities (CT and MRI) are used to test the efficiency of the proposed method: EXACT-09, TCIA-CT, and OASIS. The experimental results prove that the proposed approach outperforms existing descriptors in terms of APR and ARR.
Keywords	medical image retrieval ; local tetra pattern ; gradient directional pattern ; lifting wavelet transform ; equilibrium optimization ; Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7
Subject code	006
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	International Association of Online Engineering (IAOE)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: One-sample two-smear versus two-sample two-smear approach for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis

Chandra, T. Jaya

Journal of Laboratory Physicians

2018 Volume 10, Issue 02, Page(s) 135–139

Abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy of one-sputum sample two-smear approach for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PT).: MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from January 2012 to December 2015 were analyzed to find (1) number of smear positives (SP s ) ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy of one-sputum sample two-smear approach for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from January 2012 to December 2015 were analyzed to find (1) number of smear positives (SP s ) by spot (S) sample with one and two smears; (2) number of SP s by morning (M) sample with one and two smears; and (iii) number of SP s by two samples with two smears, that is, same-day (SS 2 ) and spot morning (SM) approaches. The Chi-square test was used to evaluate the statistical difference in SP cases. RESULTS: With one-sample two-smear approach, the smear positivity (SPT) was 87% and 87.5%, for S and M samples, respectively, for Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) staining; whereas, SPT was 96% and 97%, respectively, for S and M samples, for fluorescent staining (FS) technique. With two-sample two-smear approach, for ZN staining, SPT was 89% each and for FS technique, SPT was 97% and 99%, respectively, for SS 2 and SM approaches. The difference was not statistically significant ( P > 0.05) between one- and two-sample approaches in the staining techniques. CONCLUSION: Significant number of SP cases are identified by S sample two-smear approach. Thus, the World Health Organization/Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme can initiate S sample two-smear approach for the diagnosis of PT.
Keywords	Sample ; Staining ; Tuberculosis
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-04-01
Publisher	Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd.
Publishing place	Stuttgart ; New York
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2461120-7
ISSN	0974-7826 ; 0974-2727 ; 0974-7826
ISSN (online)	0974-7826
ISSN	0974-2727 ; 0974-7826
DOI	10.4103/JLP.JLP_145_17
Database	Thieme publisher's database

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Article ; Online: Preterm Retinopathy of Prematurity and risk factors from a tertiary health care unit

Vura U V Nagajyothi / Karunakar Gare / Murali krishna Thummakomma / Mohan Amgothu / Guguloth Latha / A Kalyani / T Jaya Chandra / Prathap G

Perspectives In Medical Research, Vol 11, Iss 3, Pp 68-

A descriptive study

2023 Volume 71

Abstract: Introduction: Retinopathy Of Prematurity (ROP), is the major preventable blindness in infants. A study was conducted to find the risk factors of ROP in premature infants with gestational age (GA) < 36 weeks. Methods: It was a descriptive study conducted ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Retinopathy Of Prematurity (ROP), is the major preventable blindness in infants. A study was conducted to find the risk factors of ROP in premature infants with gestational age (GA) < 36 weeks. Methods: It was a descriptive study conducted in Kakatiya Medical College, Hanumakonda. Babies with major congenital, chromosomal anomalies were excluded. One hour before screening, a drop of Tropicamide was instilled for every 10 – 15 minutes for 4 times followed by a drop of Phenylephrine just before examination. ROP screening was carried out by a senior ophthalmologist in NICU. First, the anterior segment was examined. This was followed by sequential examination of all clock hours of the peripheral retina and findings were recorded. Association between variables was analysed by using Chi-Square test. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: ROP was detected in 31.4%; statistically there was no significant difference between gender. Apnoea, hyperbilirubinemia, anaemia, respiratory distress were found to be the risk factors for ROP; statistically there was significant difference, respectively. Conclusion: Preventing prematurity is the best way to reduce ROP. Proper coordination between obstetrician, neonatologist and ophthalmologist can help to reduce the incidence.
Keywords	neonates ; premature infants ; retinopathy ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Same day sputum smear microscopy approach for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in a microscopy centre at Rajahmundry.

Chandra, T Jaya

The Indian journal of tuberculosis

2012 Volume 59, Issue 3, Page(s) 141–144

Abstract: Background: Sputum smear microscopy is the initial and rapid diagnostic technique for tuberculosis. This requires two (spot and morning SM) sputum sample examinations over two days. Collection of two spot samples (SS2) on the same day would reduce the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Sputum smear microscopy is the initial and rapid diagnostic technique for tuberculosis. This requires two (spot and morning SM) sputum sample examinations over two days. Collection of two spot samples (SS2) on the same day would reduce the number of visits, time, money and early initiation of treatment. Methods: We evaluated same day approach (SS2) against standard (SM) for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Results: Out of 658 participants, same day approach could identify 62 cases, whereas standard approach could identify 64 cases. Both the approaches are equally effective (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis is possible in one day by examining two spot samples.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; India/epidemiology ; Male ; Microscopy ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification ; Reproducibility of Results ; Retrospective Studies ; Specimen Handling/methods ; Sputum/cytology ; Sputum/microbiology ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-07
Publishing country	India
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603129-8
ISSN	0019-5707 ; 0019-5705
ISSN	0019-5707 ; 0019-5705
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Article ; Online: Prognostic factors and epidemiology of adult open globe injuries from Western Sydney: a twelve-year review.

Ho, Haochi / Foo, Jane / Li, Yi-Chiao / Bobba, Samantha / Go, Christopher / Chandra, Jaya / Fung, Adrian T

BMC ophthalmology

2021 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 173

Abstract: Background: To identify prognostic factors determining final visual outcome following open globe injuries.: Methods: Retrospective case series of patients presenting to Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia with open globe injuries from 1st January ... ...

Abstract	Background: To identify prognostic factors determining final visual outcome following open globe injuries. Methods: Retrospective case series of patients presenting to Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia with open globe injuries from 1st January 2005 to 31st December 2017. Data collected included demographic information, ocular injury details, management and initial and final visual acuities. Results: A total of 104 cases were identified. Predictors of poor final visual outcomes included poor presenting visual acuity (p < 0.001), globe rupture (p < 0.001), retinal detachment (p < 0.001), Zone III wounds (p < 0.001), hyphema (p = 0.003), lens expulsion (p = 0.003) and vitreous hemorrhage (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated presenting visual acuity (p < 0.001), globe rupture (p = 0.013) and retinal detachment (p = 0.011) as being statistically significant for predicting poor visual outcomes. The presence of lid laceration (p = 0.197) and uveal prolapse (p = 0.667) were not significantly associated with the final visual acuity. Conclusions: Poor presenting visual acuity, globe rupture and retinal detachment are the most important prognostic factors determining final visual acuity following open globe injury.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Australia ; Eye Injuries, Penetrating/diagnosis ; Eye Injuries, Penetrating/epidemiology ; Eye Injuries, Penetrating/etiology ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Retinal Detachment/epidemiology ; Retinal Detachment/etiology ; Retrospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2050436-6
ISSN	1471-2415 ; 1471-2415
ISSN (online)	1471-2415
ISSN	1471-2415
DOI	10.1186/s12886-021-01929-z
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Same day sputum smear microscopy for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis: Ziehl-Neelsen versus fluorescent staining.

Chandra, T Jaya / Selvaraj, R / Sharma, Y V

Journal of family medicine and primary care

2016 Volume 4, Issue 4, Page(s) 525–528

Abstract: Background: Sputum smear microscopy is the main tool for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Limited sensitivity of smear microscopy and patient dropouts (PDs) are the important obstacles ...

Abstract	Background: Sputum smear microscopy is the main tool for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Limited sensitivity of smear microscopy and patient dropouts (PDs) are the important obstacles of national TB control programs. Objectives: (1) To assess the diagnostic utility of the same day (SS2) approach (2) To compare the smear results of the spot morning (SM) and the SS2 approaches. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, GSL Medical College, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India from January 2011 to February 2015. Three sputum samples were collected [spot (S), second spot (S2) 1 h after S, and morning sample (M)] from the volunteers. The sputum smears were stained by Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN), modified ZN (MZN), and fluorescent staining (FS) techniques and the results were pooled and compared under SM and SS2 approaches. Results: Of the 3,186 study participants, sputum smear positivity (SSP) for SM approach was 9.6% and 10.8% and for SS2 approach, it was 9.4% and 10.6%, respectively, with ZN and FS and the results were statistically insignificant (Mann-Whitney U test, P > 0.05). Conclusion: Technically SSP was similar for both the approaches and no improvement was observed with the SS2 approach. Hence, there is an urgent need to improve SSP.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-03-10
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2735275-4
ISSN	2278-7135 ; 2249-4863
ISSN (online)	2278-7135
ISSN	2249-4863
DOI	10.4103/2249-4863.174273
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