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Article ; Online: Systematic review of errors on beta-2 transferrin gel electrophoresis testing of rhinorrhea and otorrhea.

Eide, Jacob G / Mason, William / Ray, Amrita / Carey, John / Cook, Bernard / Craig, John R

International forum of allergy & rhinology

2023

Abstract: Background: Beta-2 transferrin (B2-Tf) gel electrophoresis (GE) is the preferred non-invasive diagnostic modality for confirming cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in body fluids. While B2-Tf GE testing is highly sensitive and specific for CSF, false-positive ( ... ...

Abstract	Background: Beta-2 transferrin (B2-Tf) gel electrophoresis (GE) is the preferred non-invasive diagnostic modality for confirming cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in body fluids. While B2-Tf GE testing is highly sensitive and specific for CSF, false-positive (FP) and false-negative (FN) results can lead to diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. Several series have demonstrated potential causes of false B2-Tf GE results, but few studies have reported reasons for these errors. The purpose of this systematic review was to describe sources of B2-Tf GE errors. Methods: A systematic review was performed by searching OVID, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases for B2-Tf GE studies. After applying exclusion criteria, original research studies directly addressing erroneous B2-Tf GE results underwent qualitative analysis. Results: Of the 243 abstracts screened, 71 underwent full-text review and 18 studies reporting B2-Tf GE errors were included for analysis. There were 15 potential FPs, 12 actual FPs, 12 potential FNs, 19 actual FNs, and 14 indeterminate results. There were also 246 potentially indeterminate results from in vitro studies. Reasons for B2-Tf GE errors included serum transferrin alterations (n = 17; all potential), infection related (n = 13; 9 potential), orbital or salivary contamination (n = 2; 1 potential), and collection related (n = 255; 246 potential). There were 31 false or indeterminate results with unspecified reasons. There were no reported errors due to laboratory processing. Conclusions: Multiple potential or actual reasons for false or indeterminate results have been reported for B2-Tf GE testing of rhinorrhea and otorrhea. Future studies should explore reasons for B2-Tf testing errors and how these may affect clinical decision making.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2625826-2
ISSN	2042-6984 ; 2042-6976
ISSN (online)	2042-6984
ISSN	2042-6976
DOI	10.1002/alr.23293
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Article ; Online: Cadaveric analysis of autonomic nerve fiber density in posterior nasal, posterolateral nasal, and anterior ethmoid nerves.

Craig, John R / Dunn, Raven T / Ray, Amrita / Keller, Christian E / Peterson, Edward L / Eide, Jacob G

International forum of allergy & rhinology

2023 Volume 13, Issue 11, Page(s) 2109–2112

Abstract: Key points: Autonomic nerve densities were equivalent in posterior nasal (PNN), posterolateral nasal (PLNN), and anterior ethmoid nerves (AEN). Rhinitis studies should explore the utility of PLNN and/or AEN transection over PNN alone. ...

Abstract	Key points: Autonomic nerve densities were equivalent in posterior nasal (PNN), posterolateral nasal (PLNN), and anterior ethmoid nerves (AEN). Rhinitis studies should explore the utility of PLNN and/or AEN transection over PNN alone.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2625826-2
ISSN	2042-6984 ; 2042-6976
ISSN (online)	2042-6984
ISSN	2042-6976
DOI	10.1002/alr.23199
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Article ; Online: Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of clinically extremely vulnerable children and children living with clinically extremely vulnerable people in Wales

Amrita Bandyopadhyay / Ann John / Jiao Song / Karen Hodgson / Tony Whiffen / Laura Elizabeth Cowley / Alisha R Davies / Jacinta Tan

BMJ Open, Vol 13, Iss

a data linkage study

2023 Volume 6

Abstract: Objectives To determine whether clinically extremely vulnerable (CEV) children or children living with a CEV person in Wales were at greater risk of presenting with anxiety or depression in primary or secondary care during the COVID-19 pandemic compared ... ...

Abstract	Objectives To determine whether clinically extremely vulnerable (CEV) children or children living with a CEV person in Wales were at greater risk of presenting with anxiety or depression in primary or secondary care during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with children in the general population and to compare patterns of anxiety and depression during the pandemic (23 March 2020–31 January 2021, referred to as 2020/2021) and before the pandemic (23 March 2019–31 January 2020, referred to as 2019/2020), between CEV children and the general population.Design Population-based cross-sectional cohort study using anonymised, linked, routinely collected health and administrative data held in the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage Databank. CEV individuals were identified using the COVID-19 shielded patient list.Setting Primary and secondary healthcare settings covering 80% of the population of Wales.Participants Children aged 2–17 in Wales: CEV (3769); living with a CEV person (20 033); or neither (415 009).Primary outcome measure First record of anxiety or depression in primary or secondary healthcare in 2019/2020 and 2020/2021, identified using Read and International Classification of Diseases V.10 codes.Results A Cox regression model adjusted for demographics and history of anxiety or depression revealed that only CEV children were at greater risk of presenting with anxiety or depression during the pandemic compared with the general population (HR=2.27, 95% CI=1.94 to 2.66, p<0.001). Compared with the general population, the risk among CEV children was higher in 2020/2021 (risk ratio 3.04) compared with 2019/2020 (risk ratio 1.90). In 2020/2021, the period prevalence of anxiety or depression increased slightly among CEV children, but declined among the general population.Conclusions Differences in the period prevalence of recorded anxiety or depression in healthcare between CEV children and the general population were largely driven by a reduction in presentations to healthcare services by children in the general ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMJ Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of clinically extremely vulnerable children and children living with clinically extremely vulnerable people in Wales: a data linkage study.

Cowley, Laura Elizabeth / Hodgson, Karen / Song, Jiao / Whiffen, Tony / Tan, Jacinta / John, Ann / Bandyopadhyay, Amrita / Davies, Alisha R

BMJ open

2023 Volume 13, Issue 6, Page(s) e067882

Abstract: Objectives: To determine whether clinically extremely vulnerable (CEV) children or children living with a CEV person in Wales were at greater risk of presenting with anxiety or depression in primary or secondary care during the COVID-19 pandemic ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: To determine whether clinically extremely vulnerable (CEV) children or children living with a CEV person in Wales were at greater risk of presenting with anxiety or depression in primary or secondary care during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with children in the general population and to compare patterns of anxiety and depression during the pandemic (23 March 2020-31 January 2021, referred to as 2020/2021) and before the pandemic (23 March 2019-31 January 2020, referred to as 2019/2020), between CEV children and the general population. Design: Population-based cross-sectional cohort study using anonymised, linked, routinely collected health and administrative data held in the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage Databank. CEV individuals were identified using the COVID-19 shielded patient list. Setting: Primary and secondary healthcare settings covering 80% of the population of Wales. Participants: Children aged 2-17 in Wales: CEV (3769); living with a CEV person (20 033); or neither (415 009). Primary outcome measure: First record of anxiety or depression in primary or secondary healthcare in 2019/2020 and 2020/2021, identified using Read and International Classification of Diseases V.10 codes. Results: A Cox regression model adjusted for demographics and history of anxiety or depression revealed that only CEV children were at greater risk of presenting with anxiety or depression during the pandemic compared with the general population (HR=2.27, 95% CI=1.94 to 2.66, p<0.001). Compared with the general population, the risk among CEV children was higher in 2020/2021 (risk ratio 3.04) compared with 2019/2020 (risk ratio 1.90). In 2020/2021, the period prevalence of anxiety or depression increased slightly among CEV children, but declined among the general population. Conclusions: Differences in the period prevalence of recorded anxiety or depression in healthcare between CEV children and the general population were largely driven by a reduction in presentations to healthcare services by children in the general population during the pandemic.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Child ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Mental Health ; Pandemics ; Wales/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression/epidemiology ; Anxiety/epidemiology ; Information Storage and Retrieval
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2599832-8
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067882
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Herpes Zoster in the Older Adult.

John, Amrita R / Canaday, David H

Infectious disease clinics of North America

2017 Volume 31, Issue 4, Page(s) 811–826

Abstract: Herpes zoster (HZ) is the result of reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus (VZV) and occurs most frequently in older adults. Classically, HZ presents as a unilateral, selflimited, dermatomal rash. Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a common sequela, ... ...

Abstract	Herpes zoster (HZ) is the result of reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus (VZV) and occurs most frequently in older adults. Classically, HZ presents as a unilateral, selflimited, dermatomal rash. Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a common sequela, presenting as severe pain that persists after the rash has resolved. In the elderly, PHN can be debilitating and requires a prompt diagnosis, treatment with antivirals, and adequate pain control. A longer-term pain management strategy is required if PHN occurs. A modestly effective vaccine exists and is recommended for older individuals.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1077676-x
ISSN	1557-9824 ; 0891-5520
ISSN (online)	1557-9824
ISSN	0891-5520
DOI	10.1016/j.idc.2017.07.016
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Article ; Online: Use of cauliflower mosaic virus DNA markers to assess the potential for pathogen transmission from physicians' white coats.

Van Aartsen, Daniel / Thakur, Manish / Cadnum, Jennifer L / Alhmidi, Heba / John, Amrita R / Donskey, Curtis J

American journal of infection control

2021 Volume 50, Issue 2, Page(s) 220–222

Abstract: In an observational study, the sleeves and pockets of physicians' white coats often directly or indirectly contacted patients and environmental surfaces. DNA markers on the sleeves or pockets were frequently transferred to surfaces and patients. These ... ...

Abstract	In an observational study, the sleeves and pockets of physicians' white coats often directly or indirectly contacted patients and environmental surfaces. DNA markers on the sleeves or pockets were frequently transferred to surfaces and patients. These findings suggest that contaminated white coats have the potential to contribute to pathogen transmission.
MeSH term(s)	Caulimovirus ; Clothing ; Genetic Markers ; Humans ; Physicians
Chemical Substances	Genetic Markers
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Observational Study ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	392362-9
ISSN	1527-3296 ; 0196-6553
ISSN (online)	1527-3296
ISSN	0196-6553
DOI	10.1016/j.ajic.2021.10.016
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Article ; Online: Standardizing the CAP Score in Huntington's Disease by Predicting Age-at-Onset.

Warner, John H / Long, Jeffrey D / Mills, James A / Langbehn, Douglas R / Ware, Jennifer / Mohan, Amrita / Sampaio, Cristina

Journal of Huntington's disease

2022 Volume 11, Issue 2, Page(s) 153–171

Abstract: Background: Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant, neurological disease caused by an expanded CAG repeat near the N-terminus of the huntingtin (HTT) gene. A leading theory concerning the etiology of HD is that both onset and progression are ...

Abstract	Background: Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant, neurological disease caused by an expanded CAG repeat near the N-terminus of the huntingtin (HTT) gene. A leading theory concerning the etiology of HD is that both onset and progression are driven by cumulative exposure to the effects of mutant (or CAG expanded) huntingtin (mHTT). The CAG-Age-Product (CAP) score (i.e., the product of excess CAG length and age) is a commonly used measure of this cumulative exposure. CAP score has been widely used as a predictor of a variety of disease state variables in HD. The utility of the CAP score has been somewhat diminished, however, by a lack of agreement on its precise definition. The most commonly used forms of the CAP score are highly correlated so that, for purposes of prediction, it makes little difference which is used. However, reported values of CAP scores, based on commonly used definitions, differ substantially in magnitude when applied to the same data. This complicates the process of inter-study comparison. Objective: In this paper, we propose a standardized definition for the CAP score which will resolve this difficulty. Our standardization is chosen so that CAP = 100 at the expected age of diagnosis. Methods: Statistical methods include novel survival analysis methodology applied to the 13 disease landmarks taken from the Enroll-HD database (PDS 5) and comparisons with the existing, gold standard, onset model. Results: Useful by-products of our work include up-to-date, age-at-onset (AO) results and a refined AO model suitable for use in other contexts, a discussion of several useful properties of the CAP score that have not previously been noted in the literature and the introduction of the concept of a toxicity onset model. Conclusion: We suggest that taking L = 30 and K = 6.49 provides a useful standardization of the CAP score, suitable for use in the routine modeling of clinical data in HD.
MeSH term(s)	Age of Onset ; Humans ; Huntingtin Protein/genetics ; Huntington Disease/diagnosis ; Huntington Disease/genetics
Chemical Substances	Huntingtin Protein
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-26
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2673033-9
ISSN	1879-6400 ; 1879-6397
ISSN (online)	1879-6400
ISSN	1879-6397
DOI	10.3233/JHD-210475
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Article ; Online: Combining analytical epidemiology and genomic surveillance to identify risk factors associated with the spread of antimicrobial resistance in

Hetman, Benjamin M / Pearl, David L / Barker, Dillon O R / Robertson, James / Nash, John H E / Reid-Smith, Richard / Agunos, Agnes / Carrillo, Catherine / Topp, Edward / Van Domselaar, Gary / Parmley, E Jane / Bharat, Amrita / Mulvey, Michael / Allen, Vanessa / Taboada, Eduardo N

Microbial genomics

2023 Volume 8, Issue 11

Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a critical threat to public health worldwide. The use of antimicrobials in food and livestock agriculture, including the production of poultry, is thought to contribute to the dissemination of antibiotic ... ...

Abstract	Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a critical threat to public health worldwide. The use of antimicrobials in food and livestock agriculture, including the production of poultry, is thought to contribute to the dissemination of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and the genes and plasmids that confer the resistant phenotype (ARG). However, the relative contribution of each of these processes to the emergence of resistant pathogens in poultry production and their potential role in the transmission of resistant pathogens in human infections, requires a deeper understanding of the dynamics of ARB and ARG in food production and the factors involved in the increased risk of transmission.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Serogroup ; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics ; Salmonella enterica/genetics ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; Poultry/microbiology ; Genomics ; Risk Factors
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2835258-0
ISSN	2057-5858 ; 2057-5858
ISSN (online)	2057-5858
ISSN	2057-5858
DOI	10.1099/mgen.0.000891
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Article ; Online: An Inducible and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell-Specific Pink1 Knockout Induces Mitochondrial Energetic Dysfunction during Atherogenesis.

Docherty, Craig K / Bresciani, Jordan / Carswell, Andy / Chanderseka, Amrita / Friel, Elaine / Stasi, Marianna / Mercer, John R

International journal of molecular sciences

2021 Volume 22, Issue 18

Abstract: DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction are defining characteristics of aged vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) found in atherosclerosis. Pink1 kinase regulates mitochondrial homeostasis and recycles dysfunctional organelles critical for maintaining ... ...

Abstract	DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction are defining characteristics of aged vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) found in atherosclerosis. Pink1 kinase regulates mitochondrial homeostasis and recycles dysfunctional organelles critical for maintaining energetic homeostasis. Here, we generated a new vascular-specific Pink1 knockout and assessed its effect on VSMC-dependent atherogenesis
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Atherosclerosis/metabolism ; Atherosclerosis/physiopathology ; DNA Damage/genetics ; DNA Damage/physiology ; Glycolysis/genetics ; Glycolysis/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Microdissection ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Oxidative Stress/genetics ; Oxidative Stress/physiology ; Phosphorylation/genetics ; Phosphorylation/physiology ; Protein Kinases/genetics ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/genetics ; Signal Transduction/physiology
Chemical Substances	Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.-) ; PTEN-induced putative kinase (EC 2.7.11.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms22189993
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Article ; Online: An Inducible and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell-Specific Pink1 Knockout Induces Mitochondrial Energetic Dysfunction during Atherogenesis

Craig K. Docherty / Jordan Bresciani / Andy Carswell / Amrita Chanderseka / Elaine Friel / Marianna Stasi / John R. Mercer

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 9993, p

2021 Volume 9993

Abstract	DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction are defining characteristics of aged vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) found in atherosclerosis. Pink1 kinase regulates mitochondrial homeostasis and recycles dysfunctional organelles critical for maintaining energetic homeostasis. Here, we generated a new vascular-specific Pink1 knockout and assessed its effect on VSMC-dependent atherogenesis in vivo and VSMC energetic metabolism in vitro . A smooth muscle cell-specific and MHC-Cre-inducible flox’d Pink1 f/f kinase knockout was made on a ROSA26 +/0 and ApoE −/− C57Blk6/J background. Mice were high fat fed for 10 weeks and vasculature assessed for physiological and pathogical changes. Mitochondrial respiratory activity was then assessed in wild-type and knockout animals vessels and isolated cells for their reliance on oxidative and glycolytic metabolism. During atherogenesis, we find that Pink1 knockout affects development of plaque quality rather than plaque quantity by decreasing VSMC and extracellular matrix components, collagen and elastin. Pink1 protein is important in the wild-type VSMC response to metabolic stress and induced a compensatory increase in hexokinase II, which catalyses the first irreversible step in glycolysis. Pink1 appears to play an important role in VSMC energetics during atherogenesis but may also provide insight into the understanding of mitochondrial energetics in other diseases where the regulation of energetic switching between oxidative and glycolytic metabolism is found to be important.
Keywords	mitochondrial dysfunction ; atherosclerosis ; DNA damage ; oxidative phosphorylation ; glycolysis ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	571
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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