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Article ; Online: Canine olfactory detection and its relevance to medical detection.

Jendrny, Paula / Twele, Friederike / Meller, Sebastian / Osterhaus, Albertus Dominicus Marcellinus Erasmus / Schalke, Esther / Volk, Holger Andreas

BMC infectious diseases

2021 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 838

Abstract: The extraordinary olfactory sense of canines combined with the possibility to learn by operant conditioning enables dogs for their use in medical detection in a wide range of applications. Research on the ability of medical detection dogs for the ... ...

Abstract	The extraordinary olfactory sense of canines combined with the possibility to learn by operant conditioning enables dogs for their use in medical detection in a wide range of applications. Research on the ability of medical detection dogs for the identification of individuals with infectious or non-infectious diseases has been promising, but compared to the well-established and-accepted use of sniffer dogs by the police, army and customs for substances such as money, explosives or drugs, the deployment of medical detection dogs is still in its infancy. There are several factors to be considered for standardisation prior to deployment of canine scent detection dogs. Individual odours in disease consist of different volatile organic molecules that differ in magnitude, volatility and concentration. Olfaction can be influenced by various parameters like genetics, environmental conditions, age, hydration, nutrition, microbiome, conditioning, training, management factors, diseases and pharmaceuticals. This review discusses current knowledge on the function and importance of canines' olfaction and evaluates its limitations and the potential role of the dog as a biomedical detector for infectious and non-infectious diseases.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Dogs ; Learning ; Odorants ; Smell
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2041550-3
ISSN	1471-2334 ; 1471-2334
ISSN (online)	1471-2334
ISSN	1471-2334
DOI	10.1186/s12879-021-06523-8
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: β-Propiolactone (BPL)-inactivation of SARS-Co-V-2: In vitro validation with focus on saliva from COVID-19 patients for scent dog training.

Pilchová, Veronika / Prajeeth, Chittappen Kandiyil / Jendrny, Paula / Twele, Friederike / Meller, Sebastian / Pink, Isabell / Fathi, Anahita / Addo, Marylyn Martina / Volk, Holger Andreas / Osterhaus, Albert / von Köckritz-Blickwede, Maren / Schulz, Claudia

Journal of virological methods

2023 Volume 317, Page(s) 114733

Abstract: β-Propiolactone (BPL) is an organic compound widely used as an inactivating agent in vaccine development and production, for example for SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza viruses. Inactivation of pathogens by BPL is based on an irreversible alkylation ... ...

Abstract	β-Propiolactone (BPL) is an organic compound widely used as an inactivating agent in vaccine development and production, for example for SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza viruses. Inactivation of pathogens by BPL is based on an irreversible alkylation of nucleic acids but also on acetylation and cross-linking between proteins, DNA or RNA. However, the protocols for BPL inactivation of viruses vary widely. Handling of infectious, enriched SARS-CoV-2 specimens and diagnostic samples from COVID-19 patients is recommended in biosafety level (BSL)- 3 or BSL-2 laboratories, respectively. We validated BPL inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva samples with the objective to use saliva from COVID-19 patients for training of scent dogs for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals. Therefore, saliva samples and cell culture medium buffered with NaHCO
MeSH term(s)	Dogs ; Animals ; Propiolactone ; Saliva ; Odorants ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; Virus Inactivation ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Viruses
Chemical Substances	Propiolactone (6RC3ZT4HB0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-15
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	8013-5
ISSN	1879-0984 ; 0166-0934
ISSN (online)	1879-0984
ISSN	0166-0934
DOI	10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114733
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Article: Detection of Post-COVID-19 Patients Using Medical Scent Detection Dogs-A Pilot Study.

Twele, Friederike / Ten Hagen, Nele Alexandra / Meller, Sebastian / Schulz, Claudia / Osterhaus, Albert / Jendrny, Paula / Ebbers, Hans / Pink, Isabell / Drick, Nora / Welte, Tobias / Schalke, Esther / Volk, Holger Andreas

Frontiers in medicine

2022 Volume 9, Page(s) 877259

Abstract: There is a growing number of COVID-19 patients experiencing long-term symptoms months after their acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Previous research proved dogs' ability to detect acute SARS-CoV-2 infections, but has not yet shown if dogs also indicate ... ...

Abstract	There is a growing number of COVID-19 patients experiencing long-term symptoms months after their acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Previous research proved dogs' ability to detect acute SARS-CoV-2 infections, but has not yet shown if dogs also indicate samples of patients with post-COVID-19 condition (Long COVID). Nine dogs, previously trained to detect samples of acute COVID-19 patients, were confronted with samples of Long COVID patients in two testing scenarios. In test scenario I (samples of acute COVID-19 vs. Long COVID) dogs achieved a mean sensitivity (for acute COVID-19) of 86.7% (95%CI: 75.4-98.0%) and a specificity of 95.8% (95%CI: 92.5-99.0%). When dogs were confronted with Long COVID and negative control samples in scenario IIa, dogs achieved a mean sensitivity (for Long COVID) of 94.4 (95%CI: 70.5-100.0%) and a specificity of 96.1% (95%CI: 87.6-100.0%). In comparison, when acute SARS-CoV-2 positive samples and negative control samples were comparatively presented (scenario IIb), a mean sensitivity of 86.9 (95%CI: 55.7-100.0%) and a specificity of 88.1% (95%CI: 82.7-93.6%) was attained. This pilot study supports the hypothesis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) being long-term present after the initial infection in post-COVID-19 patients. Detection dogs, trained with samples of acute COVID-19 patients, also identified samples of Long COVID patients with a high sensitivity when presented next to samples of healthy individuals. This data may be used for further studies evaluating the pathophysiology underlying Long COVID and the composition of specific VOC-patterns released by SARS-CoV-2 infected patients throughout the course of this complex disease.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2775999-4
ISSN	2296-858X
ISSN	2296-858X
DOI	10.3389/fmed.2022.877259
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Article ; Online: β-Propiolactone (BPL)-inactivation of SARS-Co-V-2: In vitro validation with focus on saliva from COVID-19 patients for scent dog training

Journal of Virological Methods. 2023 July, v. 317 p.114733-

2023

Abstract	β-Propiolactone (BPL) is an organic compound widely used as an inactivating agent in vaccine development and production, for example for SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza viruses. Inactivation of pathogens by BPL is based on an irreversible alkylation of nucleic acids but also on acetylation and cross-linking between proteins, DNA or RNA. However, the protocols for BPL inactivation of viruses vary widely. Handling of infectious, enriched SARS-CoV-2 specimens and diagnostic samples from COVID-19 patients is recommended in biosafety level (BSL)− 3 or BSL-2 laboratories, respectively. We validated BPL inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva samples with the objective to use saliva from COVID-19 patients for training of scent dogs for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals. Therefore, saliva samples and cell culture medium buffered with NaHCO₃ (pH 8.3) were comparatively spiked with SARS-CoV-2 and inactivated with 0.1 % BPL for 1 h (h) or 71 h (± 1 h) at 2–8 °C, followed by hydrolysis of BPL at 37 °C for 1 or 2 h, converting BPL into non-toxic beta-hydroxy-propionic acid. SARS-CoV-2 inactivation was demonstrated by a titre reduction of up to 10^4 TCID₅₀/ml in the spiked samples for both inactivation periods using virus titration and virus isolation, respectively. The validated method was confirmed by successful inactivation of pathogens in saliva samples from COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, we reviewed the currently available literature on SARS-CoV-2 inactivation by BPL. Accordingly, BPL-inactivated, hydrolysed samples can be handled in a non-laboratory setting. Furthermore, our BPL inactivation protocols can be adapted to validation experiments with other pathogens.
Keywords	COVID-19 infection ; DNA ; RNA ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus ; acetylation ; alkylation ; biosafety ; cell culture ; crosslinking ; culture media ; dogs ; hydrolysis ; influenza ; odors ; pH ; saliva ; titration ; vaccine development ; viruses ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; Beta-propiolactone ; Inactivation ; Detection ; Scent ; Dog
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-07
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	8013-5
ISSN	1879-0984 ; 0166-0934
ISSN (online)	1879-0984
ISSN	0166-0934
DOI	10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114733
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Book ; Online ; Thesis: The olfactory abilities of canines - detection of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in human body fluids by detection dogs

Jendrny, Paula [Verfasser] / Volk, Holger Akademischer Betreuer] / Schalke, Esther [Akademischer Betreuer] / [Köckritz-Blickwede, Maren von [Akademischer Betreuer] / Volk, Holger [Gutachter] / Radespiel, Ute [Gutachter]

2021

Author's details	Paula Jendrny ; Gutachter: Holger Volk, Ute Radespiel ; Holger Volk, Esther Schalke, Maren von von Köckritz-Blickwede
Keywords	Landwirtschaft, Veterinärmedizin ; Agriculture, Veterinary Science
Subject code	sg630
Language	English
Publisher	Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover
Publishing place	Hannover
Document type	Book ; Online ; Thesis
Database	Digital theses on the web

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Article ; Online: Detection of Post-COVID-19 Patients Using Medical Scent Detection Dogs—A Pilot Study

Friederike Twele / Nele Alexandra ten Hagen / Sebastian Meller / Claudia Schulz / Albert Osterhaus / Paula Jendrny / Hans Ebbers / Isabell Pink / Nora Drick / Tobias Welte / Esther Schalke / Holger Andreas Volk

Frontiers in Medicine, Vol

2022 Volume 9

Abstract	There is a growing number of COVID-19 patients experiencing long-term symptoms months after their acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Previous research proved dogs' ability to detect acute SARS-CoV-2 infections, but has not yet shown if dogs also indicate samples of patients with post-COVID-19 condition (Long COVID). Nine dogs, previously trained to detect samples of acute COVID-19 patients, were confronted with samples of Long COVID patients in two testing scenarios. In test scenario I (samples of acute COVID-19 vs. Long COVID) dogs achieved a mean sensitivity (for acute COVID-19) of 86.7% (95%CI: 75.4–98.0%) and a specificity of 95.8% (95%CI: 92.5–99.0%). When dogs were confronted with Long COVID and negative control samples in scenario IIa, dogs achieved a mean sensitivity (for Long COVID) of 94.4 (95%CI: 70.5–100.0%) and a specificity of 96.1% (95%CI: 87.6–100.0%). In comparison, when acute SARS-CoV-2 positive samples and negative control samples were comparatively presented (scenario IIb), a mean sensitivity of 86.9 (95%CI: 55.7–100.0%) and a specificity of 88.1% (95%CI: 82.7–93.6%) was attained. This pilot study supports the hypothesis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) being long-term present after the initial infection in post-COVID-19 patients. Detection dogs, trained with samples of acute COVID-19 patients, also identified samples of Long COVID patients with a high sensitivity when presented next to samples of healthy individuals. This data may be used for further studies evaluating the pathophysiology underlying Long COVID and the composition of specific VOC-patterns released by SARS-CoV-2 infected patients throughout the course of this complex disease.
Keywords	SARS-CoV-2 ; scent detection dogs ; Long COVID ; volatile organic compound (VOC) ; COVID-19 ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 detection dogs - a pilot study

Jendrny, Paula / Twele, Friederike / Schulz, Claudia / Meller, Sebastian / von Köckritz-Blickwede, Maren / Volk, Holger Andreas

2020

Abstract: The outstanding olfactory acuity of canines led us to consider whether dogs are able to reliably detect the odour of respiratory diseases associated with a SARS-CoV-2 infection in saliva or tracheobronchial secretion of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. ... ...

Abstract	The outstanding olfactory acuity of canines led us to consider whether dogs are able to reliably detect the odour of respiratory diseases associated with a SARS-CoV-2 infection in saliva or tracheobronchial secretion of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, we examined if SARS-CoV-2 detection dogs could provide an appropriate screening method for the human virus.The aim of this data publication is to provide the data acquired in the controlled, randomized and double-blinded pilot study `Scent dog identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection’ (submitted to BMC Infectious Diseases).
Keywords	SARS-CoV-2 ; Covid 19 ; Detection Dog ; covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-17
Publishing country	eu
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 detection dogs - a pilot study

Jendrny, Paula / Twele, Friederike / Schulz, Claudia / Meller, Sebastian / von Köckritz-Blickwede, Maren / Volk, Holger Andreas

2020

Abstract	The outstanding olfactory acuity of canines led us to consider whether dogs are able to reliably detect the odour of respiratory diseases associated with a SARS-CoV-2 infection in saliva or tracheobronchial secretion of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, we examined if SARS-CoV-2 detection dogs could provide an appropriate screening method for the human virus.The aim of this data publication is to provide the data acquired in the controlled, randomized and double-blinded pilot study `Scent dog identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection’ (submitted to BMC Infectious Diseases).
Keywords	SARS-CoV-2 ; Covid 19 ; Detection Dog ; covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-17
Publishing country	eu
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 detection dogs - a pilot study

Jendrny, Paula / Twele, Friederike / Schulz, Claudia / Meller, Sebastian / von Köckritz-Blickwede, Maren / Volk, Holger Andreas

2020

Abstract	The outstanding olfactory acuity of canines led us to consider whether dogs are able to reliably detect the odour of respiratory diseases associated with a SARS-CoV-2 infection in saliva or tracheobronchial secretion of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, we examined if SARS-CoV-2 detection dogs could provide an appropriate screening method for the human virus.The aim of this data publication is to provide the data acquired in the controlled, randomized and double-blinded pilot study `Scent dog identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection’ (submitted to BMC Infectious Diseases).
Keywords	SARS-CoV-2 ; Covid 19 ; Detection Dog ; covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-17
Publishing country	eu
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Scent dog identification of samples from COVID-19 patients - a pilot study.

Jendrny, Paula / Schulz, Claudia / Twele, Friederike / Meller, Sebastian / von Köckritz-Blickwede, Maren / Osterhaus, Albertus Dominicus Marcellinus Erasmus / Ebbers, Janek / Pilchová, Veronika / Pink, Isabell / Welte, Tobias / Manns, Michael Peter / Fathi, Anahita / Ernst, Christiane / Addo, Marylyn Martina / Schalke, Esther / Volk, Holger Andreas

BMC infectious diseases

2020 Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 536

Abstract: Background: As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread, early, ideally real-time, identification of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals is pivotal in interrupting infection chains. Volatile organic compounds produced during respiratory infections can ... ...

Abstract	Background: As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread, early, ideally real-time, identification of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals is pivotal in interrupting infection chains. Volatile organic compounds produced during respiratory infections can cause specific scent imprints, which can be detected by trained dogs with a high rate of precision. Methods: Eight detection dogs were trained for 1 week to detect saliva or tracheobronchial secretions of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in a randomised, double-blinded and controlled study. Results: The dogs were able to discriminate between samples of infected (positive) and non-infected (negative) individuals with average diagnostic sensitivity of 82.63% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 82.02-83.24%) and specificity of 96.35% (95% CI: 96.31-96.39%). During the presentation of 1012 randomised samples, the dogs achieved an overall average detection rate of 94% (±3.4%) with 157 correct indications of positive, 792 correct rejections of negative, 33 incorrect indications of negative or incorrect rejections of 30 positive sample presentations. Conclusions: These preliminary findings indicate that trained detection dogs can identify respiratory secretion samples from hospitalised and clinically diseased SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals by discriminating between samples from SARS-CoV-2 infected patients and negative controls. This data may form the basis for the reliable screening method of SARS-CoV-2 infected people.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification ; Bronchi/chemistry ; Bronchi/virology ; COVID-19 ; Case-Control Studies ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Dogs ; Double-Blind Method ; Humans ; Mass Screening/methods ; Odorants/analysis ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pilot Projects ; Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Saliva/chemistry ; Saliva/virology ; Sensitivity and Specificity
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	2041550-3
ISSN	1471-2334 ; 1471-2334
ISSN (online)	1471-2334
ISSN	1471-2334
DOI	10.1186/s12879-020-05281-3
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