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  1. Article ; Online: Management of dural compressive syndromes-a personal history.

    Mulholland, R C

    The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society

    2017  Volume 17, Issue 3S, Page(s) S1–S2

    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-02-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2037072-6
    ISSN 1878-1632 ; 1529-9430
    ISSN (online) 1878-1632
    ISSN 1529-9430
    DOI 10.1016/j.spinee.2017.01.005
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Data Movies: A Tool for Public Health.

    Zalla, Lauren C / Edwards, Jessie K / Rudolph, Jacqueline E / Mulholland, Grace E / Cole, Stephen R

    Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)

    2023  Volume 34, Issue 6, Page(s) 854–855

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Public Health ; Motion Pictures
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1053263-8
    ISSN 1531-5487 ; 1044-3983
    ISSN (online) 1531-5487
    ISSN 1044-3983
    DOI 10.1097/EDE.0000000000001647
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  3. Article ; Online: A 2-year longitudinal evaluation of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals with pre-existing anxiety disorders.

    McLoughlin, A / Mulholland, K / McMahon, E / Plunkett, R / Hennigan, K / McDonald, C / Hallahan, B

    Irish journal of psychological medicine

    2023  Volume 40, Issue 3, Page(s) 437–444

    Abstract: Objectives: To examine if the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with a differential effect over a 2-year time period in relation to its psychological and social impact on patients with established anxiety disorders.: Methods: Semi-structured interviews ...

    Abstract Objectives: To examine if the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with a differential effect over a 2-year time period in relation to its psychological and social impact on patients with established anxiety disorders.
    Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 individuals attending the Galway-Roscommon Mental Health Services in Ireland with an ICD-10 diagnosis of an anxiety disorder. Interviews occurred at three time-points over a 2-year period to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions on anxiety and depressive symptoms, social and occupational functioning, and quality of life.
    Results: No statistical difference in symptomatology was noted between the three time-points in relation to anxiety symptoms as measured utilising psychometric rating scales (Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) or Likert Scale measures). The greatest impact of COVID-19 at all time-points related to social functioning and quality of life. Significant variability was noted for individual participants. Qualitative analysis noted a tentative optimism for the future in the setting of vaccination and societal re-opening. Fear of re-emerging anxiety symptoms with the removal of societal restrictions was noted.
    Conclusions: No significant overall change in symptomatology or functioning over time was noted for individuals with pre-existing anxiety disorders, however variability was demonstrated, with some individuals describing ongoing anxiety, social isolation and concern for their future. A strong theme of hope for the future and less concern regarding the COVID-19 pandemic was evident; however tailored supports including the utilisation of tele-psychiatry is suggested, particularly for those experiencing increased anxiety with the removal of societal restrictions.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19 ; Pandemics ; Quality of Life ; Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology ; Anxiety Disorders/psychology ; Anxiety
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 227751-7
    ISSN 2051-6967 ; 0790-9667
    ISSN (online) 2051-6967
    ISSN 0790-9667
    DOI 10.1017/ipm.2023.17
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  4. Article ; Online: Rescue of High Glucose Impairment of Cultured Human Osteoblasts Using Cinacalcet and Parathyroid Hormone.

    Shahen, V A / Schindeler, A / Rybchyn, M S / Girgis, C M / Mulholland, B / Mason, R S / Levinger, I / Brennan-Speranza, T C

    Calcified tissue international

    2023  Volume 112, Issue 4, Page(s) 452–462

    Abstract: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) experience a higher risk of fractures despite paradoxically exhibiting normal to high bone mineral density (BMD). This has drawn into question the applicability to T2DM of conventional fracture reduction ... ...

    Abstract Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) experience a higher risk of fractures despite paradoxically exhibiting normal to high bone mineral density (BMD). This has drawn into question the applicability to T2DM of conventional fracture reduction treatments that aim to retain BMD. In a primary human osteoblast culture system, high glucose levels (25 mM) impaired cell proliferation and matrix mineralization compared to physiological glucose levels (5 mM). Treatment with parathyroid hormone (PTH, 10 nM), a bone anabolic agent, and cinacalcet (CN, 1 µM), a calcimimetic able to target the Ca
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Cinacalcet/pharmacology ; Cinacalcet/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Osteoblasts/metabolism ; Osteoprotegerin/metabolism ; Glucose/metabolism ; RANK Ligand/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured
    Chemical Substances Parathyroid Hormone ; Cinacalcet (UAZ6V7728S) ; Osteoprotegerin ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2) ; RANK Ligand
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 304266-2
    ISSN 1432-0827 ; 0944-0747 ; 0008-0594 ; 0171-967X
    ISSN (online) 1432-0827
    ISSN 0944-0747 ; 0008-0594 ; 0171-967X
    DOI 10.1007/s00223-023-01062-7
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  5. Article ; Online: The impact of the introduction of ten- or thirteen-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on antimicrobial-resistant pneumococcal disease and carriage: A systematic literature review.

    Reyburn, Rita / Maher, Jaclyn / von Mollendorf, Claire / Gwee, Amanda / Mulholland, Kim / Russell, Fiona

    Journal of global health

    2023  Volume 13, Page(s) 5001

    Abstract: Background: A systematic review in 2019 found reductions in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of pneumococcal vaccine serotypes following pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) introduction. However, few low- or middle-income countries were included as not ... ...

    Abstract Background: A systematic review in 2019 found reductions in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of pneumococcal vaccine serotypes following pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) introduction. However, few low- or middle-income countries were included as not many had introduced higher valent PCVs (PCV10 or PCV13). The aim of our review is to describe AMR rates in these samples following the introduction of PCV10 or PCV13.
    Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review of published papers that compared AMR for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), otitis media (OM) and nasopharyngeal carriage (NPC) samples following introduction of PCV10 or PCV13 to the pre-PCV period. Included studies published from July 2017 to August 2020 had a post-licensure observational study design and reported on our defined outcomes: IPD, OM, NPC and other (sputum or mixed invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal) isolates from people of all ages. Rates of AMR in the pre- and post-period were extracted.
    Results: Data were extracted from 31 studies. Among IPD isolates, penicillin AMR rates following PCV10 or PCV13 introduction declined in 32% (n = 9/29) of included studies, increased in 34% (n = 10/29) and showed no change in 34% (n = 10/29). Cephalosporins AMR declined in 32% (n = 6/19) of studies, increased in 21% (n = 4/19) and showed no change in 47% (n = 9/19). Macrolides AMR declined in 33% (n = 4/12) of studies, increased in 50% (n = 6/12), and showed no change in 17% (n = 2/12). AMR to other antibiotics (including multidrug resistance) declined in 23% (n = 9/39) of studies, increased in 41% (n = 16/39) and showed no change in AMR in 36% (n = 14/39). There were no obvious differences between AMR; in setting which used PCV10 vs PCV13, according to time since PCV introduction or by World Bank income status of the respective country. The only study including OM isolates found no change in penicillin resistance. There were few studies on AMR in NPC (four studies), OM (one study) or other isolates (five studies). The results followed similar patterns to IPD isolates.
    Conclusions: We observed considerable heterogeneity in the findings between and within studies, e.g. no evidence of reduction in amoxicillin AMR with an increase in macrolides AMR. Reasons for such diverse findings include the period covered by different studies and variation in other pressures towards AMR.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Infant ; Vaccines, Conjugate/therapeutic use ; Pneumococcal Infections/epidemiology ; Pneumococcal Infections/prevention & control ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; Pneumococcal Vaccines ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Serogroup ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Otitis Media/prevention & control ; Observational Studies as Topic
    Chemical Substances Vaccines, Conjugate ; Pneumococcal Vaccines ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-17
    Publishing country Scotland
    Document type Systematic Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2741629-X
    ISSN 2047-2986 ; 2047-2986
    ISSN (online) 2047-2986
    ISSN 2047-2986
    DOI 10.7189/jogh.13.05001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Systematic review on the impact of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine ten valent (PCV10) or thirteen valent (PCV13) on all-cause, radiologically confirmed and severe pneumonia hospitalisation rates and pneumonia mortality in children 0-9 years old.

    Reyburn, Rita / Tsatsaronis, Anthea / von Mollendorf, Claire / Mulholland, Kim / Russell, Fiona M

    Journal of global health

    2023  Volume 13, Page(s) 5002

    Abstract: Background: There is an ongoing need to assess the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) to guide the use of these potentially valuable but under-utilized vaccines against pneumonia, which is one of the most common causes of post-neonatal ... ...

    Abstract Background: There is an ongoing need to assess the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) to guide the use of these potentially valuable but under-utilized vaccines against pneumonia, which is one of the most common causes of post-neonatal mortality.
    Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the literature on PCV10 and PCV13 impact on all-cause, radiologically confirmed and severe pneumonia hospitalisation rates as well as all-cause and pneumonia-specific mortality rates. We included studies that were published from 2003 onwards, had a post-licensure observational study design, and reported on any of our defined outcomes in children aged between 0-9 years. We derived incidence rates (IRs), incidence rate ratios (IRRs) or percent differences (%). We assessed all studies for risk of bias using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) quality assessment tool.
    Results: We identified a total of 1885 studies and included 43 comparing one or more of the following hospitalised outcomes of interest: all-cause pneumonia (n = 27), severe pneumonia (n = 6), all-cause empyema (n = 8), radiologically confirmed pneumonia (n = 8), pneumococcal pneumonia (n = 7), and pneumonia mortality (n = 10). No studies evaluated all-cause mortality. Studies were conducted in all WHO regions except South East Asia Region (SEAR) and low- or middle-income countries (LMICs) in the Western Pacific Region (WPR). Among children <5 years old, PCV impact ranged from 7% to 60% for all-cause pneumonia hospitalisation, 8% to 90% for severe pneumonia hospitalisation, 12% to 79% for radiologically confirmed pneumonia, and 45% to 85% for pneumococcal confirmed pneumonia. For pneumonia-related mortality, impact was found in three studies and ranged from 10% to 78%. No obvious differences were found in vaccine impact between PCV10 and PCV13. One study found a 17% reduction in all-cause pneumonia among children aged 5-9 years, while another found a reduction of 81% among those aged 5-17 years. A third study found a 57% reduction in all-cause empyema among children 5-14 years of age.
    Conclusion: We found clear evidence of declines in hospitalisation rates due to all-cause, severe, radiologically confirmed, and bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia in children aged <5 years, supporting ongoing use of PCV10 and PCV13. However, there were few studies from countries with the highest <5-year mortality and no studies from SEAR and LMICs in the WPR. Standardising methods of future PCV impact studies is recommended.
    MeSH term(s) Infant, Newborn ; Child ; Humans ; Infant ; Child, Preschool ; Adolescent ; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/prevention & control ; Vaccines, Conjugate/therapeutic use ; Pneumococcal Infections/epidemiology ; Pneumococcal Infections/prevention & control ; Pneumococcal Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Hospitalization ; Observational Studies as Topic
    Chemical Substances 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine ; Vaccines, Conjugate ; Pneumococcal Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-03
    Publishing country Scotland
    Document type Systematic Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2741629-X
    ISSN 2047-2986 ; 2047-2986
    ISSN (online) 2047-2986
    ISSN 2047-2986
    DOI 10.7189/jogh.13.05002
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  7. Article ; Online: Evaluating the effect of inequalities in oral anti-coagulant prescribing on outcomes in people with atrial fibrillation.

    Mulholland, Ryan J / Manca, Francesco / Ciminata, Giorgio / Quinn, Terry J / Trotter, Robert / Pollock, Kevin G / Lister, Steven / Geue, Claudia

    European heart journal open

    2024  Volume 4, Issue 2, Page(s) oeae016

    Abstract: Aims: Whilst anti-coagulation is typically recommended for thromboprophylaxis in atrial fibrillation (AF), it is often never prescribed or prematurely discontinued. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of inequalities in anti-coagulant ... ...

    Abstract Aims: Whilst anti-coagulation is typically recommended for thromboprophylaxis in atrial fibrillation (AF), it is often never prescribed or prematurely discontinued. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of inequalities in anti-coagulant prescribing by assessing stroke/systemic embolism (SSE) and bleeding risk in people with AF who continue anti-coagulation compared with those who stop transiently, permanently, or never start.
    Methods and results: This retrospective cohort study utilized linked Scottish healthcare data to identify adults diagnosed with AF between January 2010 and April 2016, with a CHA
    Conclusion: Our data suggest significant inequalities in anti-coagulation prescribing, with substantial opportunity to improve initiation and continuation. Decision-making should be patient-centred and must recognize that discontinuation or cessation is associated with considerable thromboembolic risk not offset by mitigated bleeding risk.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2752-4191
    ISSN (online) 2752-4191
    DOI 10.1093/ehjopen/oeae016
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  8. Article ; Online: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccination schedules in infants-acquisition, immunogenicity, and pneumococcal conjugate and yellow fever vaccine co-administration study: statistical analysis plan.

    Mackenzie, Grant A / Osei, Isaac / Salaudeen, Rasheed / Licciardi, Paul V / Greenwood, Brian / Mulholland, Kim / Nguyen, Cattram

    Trials

    2024  Volume 25, Issue 1, Page(s) 216

    Abstract: ... neutralising antibody titre ≥ 1:8 4 weeks after separate or co-administration of PCV and yellow fever vaccines, and (c ...

    Abstract Rationale: The effectiveness of immunisation with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) has been demonstrated in many countries. However, the global impact of PCV is limited by its cost, which has prevented its introduction in some countries. Reducing the cost of PCV programmes will facilitate further vaccine introductions and improve the sustainability of PCV in low-income countries when they transition from subsidised vaccine supply. We are conducting a large, population-level, cluster-randomised field trial (PVS) of an alternative reduced-dose schedule of PCV compared to the standard schedule. We are also conducting a nested sub-study at the individual level to investigate the immunogenicity of the two schedules and their effects on pneumococcal carriage acquisition (PVS-AcqImm).
    Methods and design: PVS-AcqImm is a prospective, cluster-randomised trial of an alternative schedule of one dose of PCV scheduled at age 6 weeks with a booster dose at age 9 months compared to the standard of three primary doses scheduled at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age. Sub-groups within the alternative schedule group receive yellow fever vaccine separately or co-administered with PCV at 9 months of age. The primary endpoints are (a) concentrations of vaccine-type anti-pneumococcal IgG at 18 months of age, (b) proportions with yellow fever neutralising antibody titre ≥ 1:8 4 weeks after separate or co-administration of PCV and yellow fever vaccines, and (c) rate of nasopharyngeal vaccine-type pneumococcal acquisition from 10-14 months of age. Participants and field staff are not masked to group allocation while measurement of the laboratory endpoints is masked. Approximately equal numbers of participants are resident in each of 28 randomly allocated geographic clusters (14 clusters in each group); 784 enrolled for acquisition measurements and 336 for immunogenicity measurements.
    Purpose: This statistical analysis plan (SAP) describes the PVS-AcqImm cohort and follow-up criteria to be used in different analyses. The SAP defines the endpoints and describes how adherence to the interventions will be presented. We describe the approach to analyses and how we will account for the effect of clustering. Defining the SAP prior to the conduct of analysis will avoid bias in analyses that may arise from prior knowledge of trial findings.
    Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN7282161328. Registered on 28 November 2019. https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN72821613 .
    Protocol: MRCG SCC number 1670, LSHTM Ref 17683. Current protocol version: 6.0, 24 May 2021. Version: 1.0 (5 April 2023); SAP revisions-none.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Infant ; Immunization Schedule ; Pneumococcal Vaccines ; Prospective Studies ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; Vaccination/methods ; Vaccines, Conjugate ; Yellow Fever ; Yellow Fever Vaccine
    Chemical Substances Pneumococcal Vaccines ; Vaccines, Conjugate ; Yellow Fever Vaccine
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2040523-6
    ISSN 1745-6215 ; 1468-6694 ; 1745-6215
    ISSN (online) 1745-6215
    ISSN 1468-6694 ; 1745-6215
    DOI 10.1186/s13063-024-08036-6
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  9. Article ; Online: Glutamine metabolism in diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.

    Bornstein, Rebecca / Mulholland, Michael T / Sedensky, Margaret / Morgan, Phil / Johnson, Simon C

    Molecular and cellular neurosciences

    2023  Volume 126, Page(s) 103887

    Abstract: Mitochondrial dysfunction can arise from genetic defects or environmental exposures and impact a wide range of biological processes. Among these are metabolic pathways involved in glutamine catabolism, anabolism, and glutamine-glutamate cycling. In ... ...

    Abstract Mitochondrial dysfunction can arise from genetic defects or environmental exposures and impact a wide range of biological processes. Among these are metabolic pathways involved in glutamine catabolism, anabolism, and glutamine-glutamate cycling. In recent years, altered glutamine metabolism has been found to play important roles in the pathologic consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction. Glutamine is a pleiotropic molecule, not only providing an alternate carbon source to glucose in certain conditions, but also playing unique roles in cellular communication in neurons and astrocytes. Glutamine consumption and catabolic flux can be significantly altered in settings of genetic mitochondrial defects or exposure to mitochondrial toxins, and alterations to glutamine metabolism appears to play a particularly significant role in neurodegenerative diseases. These include primary mitochondrial diseases like Leigh syndrome (subacute necrotizing encephalopathy) and MELAS (mitochondrial myopathy with encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes), as well as complex age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Pharmacologic interventions targeting glutamine metabolizing and catabolizing pathways appear to provide some benefits in cell and animal models of these diseases, indicating glutamine metabolism may be a clinically relevant target. In this review, we discuss glutamine metabolism, mitochondrial disease, the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction on glutamine metabolic processes, glutamine in neurodegeneration, and candidate targets for therapeutic intervention.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Glutamine/metabolism ; Glutamine/therapeutic use ; MELAS Syndrome/drug therapy ; MELAS Syndrome/genetics ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/metabolism ; Mitochondrial Diseases/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Glutamine (0RH81L854J)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1046640-x
    ISSN 1095-9327 ; 1044-7431
    ISSN (online) 1095-9327
    ISSN 1044-7431
    DOI 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103887
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  10. Article ; Online: Fluctuation Relations to Calculate Protein Redox Potentials from Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

    Oliveira, A S F / Rubio, J / Noble, C E M / Anderson, J L R / Anders, J / Mulholland, A J

    Journal of chemical theory and computation

    2023  Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 385–395

    Abstract: The tunable design of protein redox potentials promises to open a range of applications in biotechnology and catalysis. Here, we introduce a method to calculate redox potential changes by combining fluctuation relations with molecular dynamics ... ...

    Abstract The tunable design of protein redox potentials promises to open a range of applications in biotechnology and catalysis. Here, we introduce a method to calculate redox potential changes by combining fluctuation relations with molecular dynamics simulations. It involves the simulation of reduced and oxidized states, followed by the instantaneous conversion between them. Energy differences introduced by the perturbations are obtained using the Kubo-Onsager approach. Using a detailed fluctuation relation coupled with Bayesian inference, these are postprocessed into estimates for the redox potentials in an efficient manner. This new method, denoted MD + CB, is tested on a
    MeSH term(s) Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Bayes Theorem ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Heme/chemistry ; Proteins/chemistry ; Oxidation-Reduction
    Chemical Substances Heme (42VZT0U6YR) ; Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1549-9626
    ISSN (online) 1549-9626
    DOI 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00785
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