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Article ; Online: Novel adjuvants in allergen-specific immunotherapy: where do we stand?

Lin, Yen-Ju / Zimmermann, Jennifer / Schülke, Stefan

2024 Volume 15, Page(s) 1348305

Abstract: ... towards the corresponding allergen(s). However, conventional AIT has certain drawbacks, including long treatment durations ...

Abstract	Type I hypersensitivity, or so-called type I allergy, is caused by Th2-mediated immune responses directed against otherwise harmless environmental antigens. Currently, allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only disease-modifying treatment with the potential to re-establish clinical tolerance towards the corresponding allergen(s). However, conventional AIT has certain drawbacks, including long treatment durations, the risk of inducing allergic side effects, and the fact that allergens by themselves have a rather low immunogenicity. To improve AIT, adjuvants can be a powerful tool not only to increase the immunogenicity of co-applied allergens but also to induce the desired immune activation, such as promoting allergen-specific Th1- or regulatory responses. This review summarizes the knowledge on adjuvants currently approved for use in human AIT: aluminum hydroxide, calcium phosphate, microcrystalline tyrosine, and MPLA, as well as novel adjuvants that have been studied in recent years: oil-in-water emulsions, virus-like particles, viral components, carbohydrate-based adjuvants (QS-21, glucans, and mannan) and TLR-ligands (flagellin and CpG-ODN). The investigated adjuvants show distinct properties, such as prolonging allergen release at the injection site, inducing allergen-specific IgG production while also reducing IgE levels, as well as promoting differentiation and activation of different immune cells. In the future, better understanding of the immunological mechanisms underlying the effects of these adjuvants in clinical settings may help us to improve AIT.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Desensitization, Immunologic ; Hypersensitivity ; Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use ; Allergens ; Aluminum Hydroxide ; Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic
Chemical Substances	Adjuvants, Immunologic ; Allergens ; Aluminum Hydroxide (5QB0T2IUN0) ; Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2606827-8
ISSN	1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
ISSN	1664-3224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2024.1348305
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Will QUADAS-C Make a Complicated Task Less Complex?

Lin, Jennifer S / Mustafa, Reem A

Annals of internal medicine

2021 Volume 174, Issue 11, Page(s) 1624–1625

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Quality Control ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial ; Comment
ZDB-ID	336-0
ISSN	1539-3704 ; 0003-4819
ISSN (online)	1539-3704
ISSN	0003-4819
DOI	10.7326/M21-3873
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Article ; Online: Development of a Health Equity Framework for the US Preventive Services Task Force.

Lin, Jennifer S / Webber, Elizabeth M / Bean, Sarah I / Evans, Corinne V

JAMA network open

2024 Volume 7, Issue 3, Page(s) e241875

Abstract: Importance: Clinical practice guidelines can play an important role in mitigating health inequities. The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) has prioritized addressing health equity and racism in its recommendations.: Objective: To develop a ... ...

Abstract	Importance: Clinical practice guidelines can play an important role in mitigating health inequities. The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) has prioritized addressing health equity and racism in its recommendations. Objective: To develop a framework that would allow the USPSTF to incorporate a health equity lens that spans the entirety of its recommendation-making process. Evidence review: Key guidance, policy, and explanatory frameworks related to health equity were identified, and their recommendations and findings were mapped to current USPSTF methods. USPSTF members as well as staff from multiple entities supporting the USPSTF portfolio were consulted. Based on all the gathered information, a draft health equity framework and checklist were developed; they were then circulated to the USPSTF's key partners for input and review. Findings: An equity framework was developed that could be applied to all phases of the recommendation process: (1) topic nomination, selection, and prioritization; (2) development of the work plan; (3) evidence review; (4) evidence deliberation; (5) development of the recommendation statement; and (6) dissemination of recommendations. For each phase, several considerations and checklist items to address are presented. These items include using health equity as a prioritization criterion and engaging a diverse group of stakeholders at the earliest phases in identifying topics for recommendations; developing necessary equity-relevant questions (eg, beyond effectiveness and harms) to address during the protocol phase; using methods in synthesizing the evidence and contextual issues in the evidence review related to specific populations experiencing a disproportionate burden of disease; and examining the magnitude and certainty of net benefit, implementation considerations, risk assessment, and evidence gaps through an equity lens when developing evidence-based recommendations. Conclusions and relevance: Executing this entire framework and checklist as described will be challenging and will take additional time and resources. Nonetheless, whether adopted in its entirety or in parts, this framework offers guidance to the USPSTF, as well as other evidence-based guideline entities, in its mission to develop a more transparent, consistent, and intentional approach to addressing health equity in its recommendations.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Advisory Committees ; Checklist ; Health Equity ; Health Inequities ; Policy
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Practice Guideline
ISSN	2574-3805
ISSN (online)	2574-3805
DOI	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.1875
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Article: Antibiotic exposure is associated with decreased risk of psychiatric disorders.

Kerman, Ilan A / Glover, Matthew E / Lin, Yezhe / West, Jennifer L / Hanlon, Alexandra L / Kablinger, Anita S / Clinton, Sarah M

Frontiers in pharmacology

2024 Volume 14, Page(s) 1290052

Abstract: Objective: ...

Abstract	Objective:
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2587355-6
ISSN	1663-9812
ISSN	1663-9812
DOI	10.3389/fphar.2023.1290052
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Article ; Online: Screening for Syphilis Infection in Nonpregnant Adults and Adolescents: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.

Henninger, Michelle L / Bean, Sarah I / Lin, Jennifer S

JAMA

2022 Volume 328, Issue 12, Page(s) 1250–1252

MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Advisory Committees ; Humans ; Mass Screening/adverse effects ; Mass Screening/methods ; Preventive Health Services ; Risk Assessment ; Syphilis/diagnosis ; Syphilis/drug therapy ; United States
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	2958-0
ISSN	1538-3598 ; 0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
ISSN (online)	1538-3598
ISSN	0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
DOI	10.1001/jama.2022.8612
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Article ; Online: Hearing Loss and Dementia Prevalence in Older Adults in the US.

Huang, Alison R / Jiang, Kening / Lin, Frank R / Deal, Jennifer A / Reed, Nicholas S

JAMA

2023 Volume 329, Issue 2, Page(s) 171–173

MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Humans ; Deafness/epidemiology ; Dementia/epidemiology ; Hearing Loss/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; United States/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2958-0
ISSN	1538-3598 ; 0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
ISSN (online)	1538-3598
ISSN	0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
DOI	10.1001/jama.2022.20954
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Article ; Online: Childhood and Adolescence Gender Role Nonconformity and Gender and Sexuality Diversity in Young Adulthood.

Marino, Jennifer L / Lin, Ashleigh / Davies, Cristyn / Kang, Melissa / Bista, Sarita / Skinner, S Rachel

JAMA pediatrics

2024 Volume 177, Issue 11, Page(s) 1176–1186

Abstract: Importance: Sexuality- and gender-diverse youth experience disproportionate health and social adversity. Accurate early-life indicators are important for development of supportive approaches.: Objective: To examine whether commonly used items ... ...

Abstract	Importance: Sexuality- and gender-diverse youth experience disproportionate health and social adversity. Accurate early-life indicators are important for development of supportive approaches. Objective: To examine whether commonly used items measuring childhood conformity to gender roles are associated with sexual orientation in young adulthood. Design, setting, and participants: This single-center, prospective cohort study (the Raine Study) assessed 2868 children of 2900 women who were recruited during pregnancy from August 1, 1989, to April 30, 1992, with follow-up ongoing. The Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) Child Behavior Checklist, Teacher Report Form, and Youth Self-Report tools were used to survey parents, teachers, and youths to examine gender diversity among the participating youths. Parents were followed up at years 5, 8, 10, 14, and 17, adolescents at years 14, 17, and 27, and teachers at years 10 and 14. Data were analyzed from August 1, 2020, to July 31, 2023. Exposures: Parent and teacher report that a child "behaves like the opposite sex" (gender role behavior), and parent and self-report that a child "wishes to be the opposite sex" (gender role wish), in response to assessment items. Main outcome measures: Year 27 self-reported sexual identity, attraction, and behavior. Results: Of the 2868 children in the original birth cohort, 1154 (40.2%) participated in the year 27 follow-up, of whom 608 (52.7%) were recorded female at birth and 546 (47.3%) were recorded male at birth. Of these, 582 who were recorded female at birth continued to identify as female (cisgender) (95.7%), and 515 recorded male at birth continued to identify as male (cisgender) (94.3%); 47 (4.1%) did not complete the questionnaire. Of cisgender participants, 76 of 605 women (12.6%) and 52 of 540 men (9.6%) had a diverse sexual identity, 204 of 605 women (33.8%) and 77 of 540 men (14.3%) were same-gender attracted, and 100 of 605 women (18.6%) and 39 of 540 men (7.2%) had ever engaged in same-gender sexual behavior. Across all follow-ups, after adjusting for gender, nonconforming gender role behavior was consistently associated with diverse sexual identity and behavior (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] for identity, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.9-4.2; behavior aOR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.6-3.5). Self-reported gender role wish was consistently associated with diverse sexual orientation (identity aOR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.4-3.8; attraction aOR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.5; behavior aOR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.2-2.9). Conclusions and relevance: In this cohort study, ASEBA gender role nonconformity was associated with diverse sexual orientation, beginning in early childhood. Findings suggest that the ASEBA measures should not be used to infer sexual orientation or gender diversity in clinical or research settings; asking direct questions may provide more accurate data.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Infant, Newborn ; Adolescent ; Female ; Male ; Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Gender Role ; Cohort Studies ; Prospective Studies ; Sexual Behavior ; Gender Identity ; Sexuality
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2701223-2
ISSN	2168-6211 ; 2168-6203
ISSN (online)	2168-6211
ISSN	2168-6203
DOI	10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.3873
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Article ; Online: Resident operative time as an independent predictor of early post-operative cataract surgery outcomes and supervising attending surgeon impact: a retrospective case series.

Andrews, Hans W / Lin, George T / Lindsey, Jennifer L / Ji, Xiangyu / Chen, Qingxia / Chomsky, Amy S

BMC ophthalmology

2024 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 18

Abstract: Background: The authors sought to determine if resident operative time in cataract extraction and intraocular lens insertion (CE/IOL) affects early visual outcomes and post-operative recovery. They further sought to investigate if attending surgeons can ...

Abstract	Background: The authors sought to determine if resident operative time in cataract extraction and intraocular lens insertion (CE/IOL) affects early visual outcomes and post-operative recovery. They further sought to investigate if attending surgeons can reduce resident operative time. Methods: This retrospective, chart-review, case series at single Veterans Affairs Hospital (VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System) studied resident cataract surgeries between March 1, 2018 and March 31, 2020. Following power analysis, 420 eyes of 400 patients from all resident cataract surgeries were included. Eyes with attending as primary surgeon, laser-assisted cataract surgery, or concurrent secondary procedures were excluded. Linear mixed effect models were used to study the association between operative time and visual outcomes while adjusting for covariates including cumulative dissipated energy, preoperative factors, and intraoperative complications. Results: Longer operative time was statistically associated with worse post-operative-day 1 (POD1) pinhole visual acuity (PH-VA) adjusting for cumulative dissipated energy and other operative factors (p = 0.049). Although resident physicians were the primary surgeons, the operative times were different between the ten supervising attending surgeons in the study (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results suggest that increased resident operative time is a significant, independent risk factor for decreased POD1 PH-VA. Increased resident operative time is not associated with worsened long term visual outcomes. Attending surgeons may be able to reduce resident operative time, which is associated with improved early visual outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Operative Time ; Retrospective Studies ; Cataract Extraction ; Cataract ; Surgeons
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2050436-6
ISSN	1471-2415 ; 1471-2415
ISSN (online)	1471-2415
ISSN	1471-2415
DOI	10.1186/s12886-023-03278-5
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Article ; Online: Supporting Communication of Shared Decision-Making Principles in US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendations.

Eder, Michelle / Ivlev, Ilya / Lin, Jennifer S

MDM policy & practice

2021 Volume 6, Issue 2, Page(s) 23814683211067522

Abstract: Aims. ...

Abstract	Aims.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2861432-X
ISSN	2381-4683 ; 2381-4683
ISSN (online)	2381-4683
ISSN	2381-4683
DOI	10.1177/23814683211067522
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Article ; Online: Association between hearing aid use and mortality in adults with hearing loss in the USA: a mortality follow-up study of a cross-sectional cohort.

Choi, Janet S / Adams, Meredith E / Crimmins, Eileen M / Lin, Frank R / Ailshire, Jennifer A

The lancet. Healthy longevity

2024 Volume 5, Issue 1, Page(s) e66–e75

Abstract: Background: Hearing loss has been identified as an independent risk factor for negative health outcomes and mortality. However, whether rehabilitation with hearing aid use is associated with lower mortality is currently unknown. This study aimed to ... ...

Abstract	Background: Hearing loss has been identified as an independent risk factor for negative health outcomes and mortality. However, whether rehabilitation with hearing aid use is associated with lower mortality is currently unknown. This study aimed to examine the associations of hearing loss, hearing aid use, and mortality in the USA. Methods: In this cross-sectional, follow-up study, we assessed 9885 adults (age 20 years and older) who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 1999 and 2012 and completed audiometry and hearing aid use questionnaires (1863 adults with hearing loss). Main measures included hearing loss (speech-frequency pure-tone average) and hearing aid use (never users, non-regular users, and regular users). Mortality status of the cohort was linked to the National Death Index up to Dec 31, 2019. Cox proportional regression models were used to examine the association between hearing loss, hearing aid use, and mortality while adjusting for demographics and medical history. Findings: The cohort consisted of 9885 participants, of which 5037 (51·0%) were female and 4848 (49·0%) were male with a mean age of 48·6 years (SD 18·1) at baseline. The weighted prevalence of audiometry-measured hearing loss was 14·7% (95% CI 13·3-16·3%) and the all-cause mortality rate was 13·2% (12·1-14·4) at a median 10·4 years of follow-up (range 0·1-20·8). The rate of regular hearing aid use among adults with hearing loss was 12·7% (95% CI 10·6-15·1). Hearing loss was an independent risk factor associated with higher mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1·40 [95% CI 1·21-1·62]). Among individuals with hearing loss, the adjusted mortality risk was lower among regular hearing aid users in comparison with never users (adjusted HR 0·76 [0·60-0·95]) accounting for demographics, hearing levels, and medical history. There was no difference in adjusted mortality between non-regular hearing aid users and never users (adjusted HR 0·93 [0·70-1·24]). Interpretation: Regular hearing aid use was associated with lower risks of mortality than in never users in US adults with hearing loss when accounting for age, hearing loss, and other potential confounders. Future research is needed to investigate the potential protective role of hearing aid use against mortality for adults with hearing loss. Funding: None.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Male ; Humans ; United States/epidemiology ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hearing Aids ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Nutrition Surveys ; Deafness ; Hearing Loss/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2666-7568
ISSN (online)	2666-7568
DOI	10.1016/S2666-7568(23)00232-5
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