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  1. Article ; Online: Safety, Efficacy, and Clinical Outcomes of Dexmedetomidine for Sedation in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Scoping Review.

    Hatfield, Jordan / Soto, Alexandria L / Kelly-Hedrick, Margot / Kaplan, Samantha / Komisarow, Jordan M / Ohnuma, Tetsu / Krishnamoorthy, Vijay

    Journal of neurosurgical anesthesiology

    2023  Volume 36, Issue 2, Page(s) 101–108

    Abstract: Dexmedetomidine is a promising alternative sedative agent for moderate-severe Traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. Although the data are limited, the posited benefits of dexmedetomidine in this population are a reduction in secondary brain injury ... ...

    Abstract Dexmedetomidine is a promising alternative sedative agent for moderate-severe Traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. Although the data are limited, the posited benefits of dexmedetomidine in this population are a reduction in secondary brain injury compared with current standard sedative regimens. In this scoping review, we critically appraised the literature to examine the effects of dexmedetomidine in patients with moderate-severe TBI to examine the safety, efficacy, and cerebral and systemic physiological outcomes within this population. We sought to identify gaps in the literature and generate directions for future research. Two researchers and a librarian queried PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and APA PsycINFO databases. Of 920 studies imported for screening, 11 were identified for inclusion in the review. The primary outcomes in the included studied were cerebral physiology, systemic hemodynamics, sedation levels and delirium, and the presence of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity. Dexmedetomidine dosing ranged from 0.2 to 1 ug/kg/h, with 3 studies using initial boluses of 0.8 to 1.0 ug/kg over 10 minutes. Dexmedetomidine used independently or as an adjunct seems to exhibit a similar hemodynamic safety profile compared with standard sedation regimens, albeit with transient episodes of bradycardia and hypotension, decrease episodes of agitation and may serve to alleviate symptoms of sympathetic hyperactivity. This scoping review suggests that dexmedetomidine is a safe and efficacious sedation strategy in patients with TBI. Given its rapid onset of action and anxiolytic properties, dexmedetomidine may serve as a feasible sedative for TBI patients.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Dexmedetomidine/adverse effects ; Hypnotics and Sedatives/adverse effects ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/drug therapy ; Pain ; Brain Injuries
    Chemical Substances Dexmedetomidine (67VB76HONO) ; Hypnotics and Sedatives
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1018119-2
    ISSN 1537-1921 ; 0898-4921
    ISSN (online) 1537-1921
    ISSN 0898-4921
    DOI 10.1097/ANA.0000000000000907
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Specific and comprehensive genetic targeting reveals brain-wide distribution and synaptic input patterns of GABAergic axo-axonic interneurons.

    Raudales, Ricardo / Kim, Gukhan / Kelly, Sean M / Hatfield, Joshua / Guan, Wuqiang / Zhao, Shengli / Paul, Anirban / Qian, Yongjun / Li, Bo / Huang, Z Josh

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2024  

    Abstract: Axo-axonic cells (AACs), also called chandelier cells (ChCs) in the cerebral cortex, are the most distinctive type of GABAergic interneurons described in the neocortex, hippocampus, and basolateral amygdala (BLA). AACs selectively innervate glutamatergic ...

    Abstract Axo-axonic cells (AACs), also called chandelier cells (ChCs) in the cerebral cortex, are the most distinctive type of GABAergic interneurons described in the neocortex, hippocampus, and basolateral amygdala (BLA). AACs selectively innervate glutamatergic projection neurons (PNs) at their axon initial segment (AIS), thus may exert decisive control over PN spiking and regulate PN functional ensembles. However, the brain-wide distribution, synaptic connectivity, and circuit function of AACs remains poorly understood, largely due to the lack of specific and reliable experimental tools. Here, we have established an intersectional genetic strategy that achieves specific and comprehensive targeting of AACs throughout the mouse brain based on their lineage (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.11.07.566059
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Screening for Covid-19 in Skilled Nursing Facilities. Reply.

    Hatfield, Kelly M / Reddy, Sujan C / Jernigan, John A

    The New England journal of medicine

    2020  Volume 383, Issue 2, Page(s) 192

    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Skilled Nursing Facilities
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 207154-x
    ISSN 1533-4406 ; 0028-4793
    ISSN (online) 1533-4406
    ISSN 0028-4793
    DOI 10.1056/NEJMc2017362
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Early Beta-Blocker Utilization in Critically Ill Patients With Moderate-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

    Kelly-Hedrick, Margot / Liu, Sunny Yang / Komisarow, Jordan / Hatfield, Jordan / Ohnuma, Tetsu / Treggiari, Miriam M / Colton, Katharine / Arulraja, Evangeline / Vavilala, Monica S / Laskowitz, Daniel T / Mathew, Joseph P / Hernandez, Adrian / James, Michael L / Raghunathan, Karthik / Krishnamoorthy, Vijay

    Journal of intensive care medicine

    2024  , Page(s) 8850666241236724

    Abstract: Background: There is limited evidence that beta-blockers may provide benefit for patients with moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) during the acute injury period. Larger studies on utilization patterns and impact on outcomes in clinical ... ...

    Abstract Background: There is limited evidence that beta-blockers may provide benefit for patients with moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) during the acute injury period. Larger studies on utilization patterns and impact on outcomes in clinical practice are lacking.
    Objective: The present study uses a large, national hospital claims-based dataset to examine early beta-blocker utilization patterns and its association with clinical outcomes among critically ill patients with moderate-severe TBI.
    Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of the administrative claims Premier Healthcare Database of adults (≥17 years) with moderate-severe TBI admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) from 2016 to 2020. The exposure was receipt of a beta-blocker during day 1 or 2 of ICU stay (BB
    Results: A total of 109 665 participants met inclusion criteria and 39% (n = 42 489) were exposed to beta-blockers during the first 2 days of hospitalization. Of those, 42% received cardioselective only, 43% received noncardioselective only, and 14% received both. After adjustment, there was no association with hospital mortality in the BB
    Conclusion: In this retrospective cohort study, we found variation in use of beta-blockers and early exposure was not associated with hospital mortality. Further research is necessary to understand the optimal type, dose, and timing of beta-blockers for this population.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632828-3
    ISSN 1525-1489 ; 0885-0666
    ISSN (online) 1525-1489
    ISSN 0885-0666
    DOI 10.1177/08850666241236724
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Association of Early Dexmedetomidine Utilization With Clinical Outcomes After Moderate-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

    Liu, Sunny Yang / Kelly-Hedrick, Margot / Komisarow, Jordan / Hatfield, Jordan / Ohnuma, Tetsu / Treggiari, Miriam M / Colton, Katharine / Arulraja, Evangeline / Vavilala, Monica S / Laskowitz, Daniel T / Mathew, Joseph P / Hernandez, Adrian / James, Michael L / Raghunathan, Karthik / Krishnamoorthy, Vijay

    Anesthesia and analgesia

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an expensive and common public health problem. Management of TBI oftentimes includes sedation to facilitate mechanical ventilation (MV) for airway protection. Dexmedetomidine has emerged as a potential ... ...

    Abstract Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an expensive and common public health problem. Management of TBI oftentimes includes sedation to facilitate mechanical ventilation (MV) for airway protection. Dexmedetomidine has emerged as a potential candidate for improved patient outcomes when used for early sedation after TBI due to its potential modulation of autonomic dysfunction. We examined early sedation patterns, as well as the association of dexmedetomidine exposure with clinical and functional outcomes among mechanically ventilated patients with moderate-severe TBI (msTBI) in the United States.
    Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the Premier dataset and identified a cohort of critically ill adult patients with msTBI who required MV from January 2016 to June 2020. msTBI was defined by head-neck abbreviated injury scale (AIS) values of 3 (serious), 4 (severe), and 5 (critical). We described early continuous sedative utilization patterns. Using propensity-matched models, we examined the association of early dexmedetomidine exposure (within 2 days of intensive care unit [ICU] admission) with the primary outcome of hospital mortality and the following secondary outcomes: hospital length of stay (LOS), days on MV, vasopressor use after the first 2 days of admission, hemodialysis (HD) after the first 2 days of admission, hospital costs, and discharge disposition. All medications, treatments, and procedures were identified using date-stamped hospital charge codes.
    Results: The study population included 19,751 subjects who required MV within 2 days of ICU admission. The patients were majority male and white. From 2016 to 2020, the annual percent utilization of dexmedetomidine increased from 4.05% to 8.60%. After propensity score matching, early dexmedetomidine exposure was associated with reduced odds of hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR], 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47-0.74; P < .0001), increased risk for liberation from MV (hazard ratio [HR], 1.20; 95% CI, 1.09-1.33; P = .0003), and reduced LOS (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.01-1.22; P = .033). Exposure to early dexmedetomidine was not associated with odds of HD (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.73-1.78; P = .56), vasopressor utilization (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.78-1.55; P = .60), or increased hospital costs (relative cost ratio, 1.98; 95% CI, 0.93-1.03; P = .66).
    Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine is being utilized increasingly as a sedative for mechanically ventilated patients with msTBI. Early dexmedetomidine exposure may lead to improved patient outcomes in this population.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80032-6
    ISSN 1526-7598 ; 0003-2999
    ISSN (online) 1526-7598
    ISSN 0003-2999
    DOI 10.1213/ANE.0000000000006869
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Length of antibiotic therapy among adults hospitalized with uncomplicated community-acquired pneumonia, 2013-2020.

    McCarthy, Natalie L / Baggs, James / Wolford, Hannah / Kazakova, Sophia V / Kabbani, Sarah / Attell, Brandon K / Neuhauser, Melinda M / Walker, Lindsey / Yi, Sarah H / Hatfield, Kelly M / Reddy, Sujan / Hicks, Lauri A

    Infection control and hospital epidemiology

    2024  , Page(s) 1–7

    Abstract: Objective: The 2014 US National Strategy for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria (CARB) aimed to reduce inappropriate inpatient antibiotic use by 20% for monitored conditions, such as community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), by 2020. We evaluated annual ... ...

    Abstract Objective: The 2014 US National Strategy for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria (CARB) aimed to reduce inappropriate inpatient antibiotic use by 20% for monitored conditions, such as community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), by 2020. We evaluated annual trends in length of therapy (LOT) in adults hospitalized with uncomplicated CAP from 2013 through 2020.
    Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study among adults with a primary diagnosis of bacterial or unspecified pneumonia using
    Results: There were 44,976 and 400,928 uncomplicated CAP hospitalizations among patients aged 18-64 years and ≥65 years, respectively. From 2013 to 2020, the proportion of patients with total LOT >7 days decreased by 25% (68% to 51%) among patients aged 18-64 years and by 27% (68%-50%) among patients aged ≥65 years.
    Conclusions: Although likely excessive LOT for uncomplicated CAP patients decreased since 2013, the proportion of patients treated with LOT >7 days still exceeded 50% in 2020. Antibiotic stewardship programs should continue to pursue interventions to reduce likely excessive LOT for common infections.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639378-0
    ISSN 1559-6834 ; 0195-9417 ; 0899-823X
    ISSN (online) 1559-6834
    ISSN 0195-9417 ; 0899-823X
    DOI 10.1017/ice.2024.14
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  7. Article ; Online: A cytoskeletal protein complex is essential for division of intracellular amastigotes of

    Kelly, Felice D / Tran, Khoa D / Hatfield, Jess / Schmidt, Kat / Sanchez, Marco A / Landfear, Scott M

    The Journal of biological chemistry

    2020  Volume 295, Issue 37, Page(s) 13106–13122

    Abstract: Previous studies ... ...

    Abstract Previous studies in
    MeSH term(s) Cell Division ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/genetics ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism ; Flagella/genetics ; Flagella/metabolism ; Leishmania mexicana/genetics ; Leishmania mexicana/metabolism ; Microtubules/genetics ; Microtubules/metabolism ; Multiprotein Complexes/genetics ; Multiprotein Complexes/metabolism ; Protein Transport ; Protozoan Proteins/genetics ; Protozoan Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Cytoskeletal Proteins ; Multiprotein Complexes ; Protozoan Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2997-x
    ISSN 1083-351X ; 0021-9258
    ISSN (online) 1083-351X
    ISSN 0021-9258
    DOI 10.1074/jbc.RA120.014065
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Assessment of Hospital-Onset SARS-CoV-2 Infection Rates and Testing Practices in the US, 2020-2022.

    Hatfield, Kelly M / Baggs, James / Maillis, Alexander / Warner, Sarah / Jernigan, John A / Kadri, Sameer S / Klompas, Michael / Reddy, Sujan C

    JAMA network open

    2023  Volume 6, Issue 8, Page(s) e2329441

    Abstract: Importance: Characterizing the scale and factors associated with hospital-onset SARS-CoV-2 infections could help inform hospital and public health policies regarding prevention and surveillance needs for these infections.: Objective: To evaluate ... ...

    Abstract Importance: Characterizing the scale and factors associated with hospital-onset SARS-CoV-2 infections could help inform hospital and public health policies regarding prevention and surveillance needs for these infections.
    Objective: To evaluate associations of hospital-onset SARS-CoV-2 infection rates with different periods of the COVID-19 pandemic, hospital characteristics, and testing practices.
    Design, setting, and participants: This cohort study of US hospitals reporting SARS-CoV-2 testing data in the PINC AI Healthcare Database COVID-19 special release files was conducted from July 2020 through June 2022. Data were collected from hospitals that reported at least 1 SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction or antigen test during hospitalizations discharged that month. For each hospital-month where the hospital reported sufficient data, all hospitalizations discharged in that month were included in the cohort. SARS-CoV-2 viral tests and results reported in the microbiology files for all hospitalizations in the study period by discharge month were identified. Data analysis was conducted from September 2022 to March 2023.
    Exposure: Hospitalizations discharged in an included hospital-month.
    Main outcomes and measures: Multivariable generalized estimating equation negative-binomial regression models were used to assess associations of monthly rates of hospital-onset SARS-CoV-2 infections per 1000 patient-days (defined as a first positive SARS-CoV-2 test during after hospitalization day 7) with the phase of the pandemic (defined as the predominant SARS-CoV-2 variant in circulation), admission testing rates, and hospital characteristics (hospital bed size, teaching status, urban vs rural designation, Census region, and patient distribution variables).
    Results: A total of 5687 hospital-months from 288 distinct hospitals were included, which contributed 4 421 268 hospitalization records. Among 171 564 hospitalizations with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, 7591 (4.4%) were found to be hospital onset and 6455 (3.8%) were indeterminate onset. The mean monthly hospital-onset infection rate per 1000 patient-days was 0.27 (95 CI, 0.26-0.29). Hospital-onset infections occurred in 2217 of 5687 hospital-months (39.0%). The monthly percentage of discharged patients tested for SARS-CoV-2 at admission varied; 1673 hospital-months (29.4%) had less than 25% of hospitalizations tested at admission; 2199 hospital-months (38.7%) had 25% to 50% of all hospitalizations tested, and 1815 hospital months (31.9%) had more than 50% of all hospitalizations tested at admission. Postadmission testing rates and community-onset infection rates increased with admission testing rates. In multivariable models restricted to hospital-months testing at least 25% of hospitalizations at admission, a 10% increase in community-onset SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was associated with a 178% increase in the hospital-onset infection rate (rate ratio, 2.78; 95% CI, 2.52-3.07). Additionally, the phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, the admission testing rate, Census region, and bed size were all significantly associated with hospital-onset SARS-CoV-2 infection rates.
    Conclusions and relevance: In this cohort study of hospitals reporting SARS-CoV-2 infections, there was an increase of hospital-onset SARS-CoV-2 infections when community-onset infections were higher, indicating a need for ongoing and enhanced surveillance and prevention efforts to reduce in-hospital transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infections, particularly when community-incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections is high.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19 Testing ; Cohort Studies ; Pandemics ; Hospitals ; Cross Infection/diagnosis ; Cross Infection/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2574-3805
    ISSN (online) 2574-3805
    DOI 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.29441
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Effectiveness of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection Among Residents of US Nursing Homes Before and During the Delta Variant Predominance, December 2020-November 2021.

    Hatfield, Kelly M / Baggs, James / Wolford, Hannah / Fang, Michael / Sattar, Ammarah A / Montgomery, Kelsey S / Jin, Steven / Jernigan, John / Pilishvili, Tamara

    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

    2022  Volume 75, Issue Supplement_2, Page(s) S147–S154

    Abstract: Background: Residents of nursing homes experience disproportionate morbidity and mortality related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and were prioritized for vaccine introduction. We evaluated COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) in preventing ... ...

    Abstract Background: Residents of nursing homes experience disproportionate morbidity and mortality related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and were prioritized for vaccine introduction. We evaluated COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) in preventing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections among nursing home residents.
    Methods: We used a retrospective cohort of 4315 nursing home residents during 14 December 2020-9 November 2021. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate hazard ratios comparing residents with a completed vaccination series with unvaccinated among those with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, by vaccine product, and by time period.
    Results: Overall adjusted VE was 58% (95% confidence interval [CI], 44% to 69%) among residents without a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. During the pre-Delta period, the VE within 150 days of receipt of the second dose of Pfizer-BioNTech (67%; 95% CI, 40% to 82%) and Moderna (75%; 95% CI, 32% to 91%) was similar. During the Delta period, VE measured >150 days after the second dose was 33% (95% CI, -2% to 56%) for Pfizer-BioNTech and 77% (95% CI, 48% to 91%) for Moderna. Rates of infection were 78% lower (95% CI, 67% to 85%) among residents with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and completed vaccination series compared with unvaccinated residents without a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
    Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccines were effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections among nursing home residents, and history of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection provided additional protection. Maintaining high coverage of recommended doses of COVID-19 vaccines remains a critical tool for preventing infections in nursing homes.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Humans ; Nursing Homes ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1099781-7
    ISSN 1537-6591 ; 1058-4838
    ISSN (online) 1537-6591
    ISSN 1058-4838
    DOI 10.1093/cid/ciac562
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