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  1. Article ; Online: Overwhelmed by the man in the moon? Pareidolic objects provoke increased amygdala activation in autism.

    Hadjikhani, Nouchine / Åsberg Johnels, Jakob

    Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior

    2023  Volume 164, Page(s) 144–151

    Abstract: An interesting feature of the primate face detection system results in the perception of illusory faces in objects, or pareidolia. These illusory faces do not per se contain social information, such as eye-gaze or specific identities, yet they activate ... ...

    Abstract An interesting feature of the primate face detection system results in the perception of illusory faces in objects, or pareidolia. These illusory faces do not per se contain social information, such as eye-gaze or specific identities, yet they activate the cortical brain face-processing network, possibly via the subcortical route, including the amygdala. In autism spectrum disorder (ASD), aversion to eye-contact is commonly reported, and so are alterations in face processing more generally, yet the underlying reasons are not clear. Here we show that in autistic participants (N=37), but not in non-autistic controls (N=34), pareidolic objects increase amygdala activation bilaterally (right amygdala peak: X = 26, Y = -6, Z = -16; left amygdala peak X = -24, Y = -6, Z = -20). In addition, illusory faces engage the face-processing cortical network significantly more in ASD than in controls. An early imbalance in the excitatory and inhibitory systems in autism, affecting typical brain maturation, may be at the basis of an overresponsive reaction to face configuration and to eye contact. Our data add to the evidence of an oversensitive subcortical face processing system in ASD.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Autistic Disorder ; Autism Spectrum Disorder ; Amygdala/diagnostic imaging ; Brain ; Facial Recognition
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-29
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 280622-8
    ISSN 1973-8102 ; 0010-9452
    ISSN (online) 1973-8102
    ISSN 0010-9452
    DOI 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.03.014
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  2. Article ; Online: Influence of autistic traits and communication role on eye contact behavior during face-to-face interaction.

    Thorsson, Max / Galazka, Martyna A / Åsberg Johnels, Jakob / Hadjikhani, Nouchine

    Scientific reports

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 8162

    Abstract: Eye contact is a central component in face-to-face interactions. It is important in structuring communicative exchanges and offers critical insights into others' interests and intentions. To better understand eye contact in face-to-face interactions, we ... ...

    Abstract Eye contact is a central component in face-to-face interactions. It is important in structuring communicative exchanges and offers critical insights into others' interests and intentions. To better understand eye contact in face-to-face interactions, we applied a novel, non-intrusive deep-learning-based dual-camera system and investigated associations between eye contact and autistic traits as well as self-reported eye contact discomfort during a referential communication task, where participants and the experimenter had to guess, in turn, a word known by the other individual. Corroborating previous research, we found that participants' eye gaze and mutual eye contact were inversely related to autistic traits. In addition, our findings revealed different behaviors depending on the role in the dyad: listening and guessing were associated with increased eye contact compared with describing words. In the listening and guessing condition, only a subgroup who reported eye contact discomfort had a lower amount of eye gaze and eye contact. When describing words, higher autistic traits were associated with reduced eye gaze and eye contact. Our data indicate that eye contact is inversely associated with autistic traits when describing words, and that eye gaze is modulated by the communicative role in a conversation.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Autistic Disorder ; Communication ; Nonverbal Communication ; Fixation, Ocular ; Intention
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-024-58701-8
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  3. Article ; Online: Visual Perception in Migraine: A Narrative Review.

    Hadjikhani, Nouchine / Vincent, Maurice

    Vision (Basel, Switzerland)

    2021  Volume 5, Issue 2

    Abstract: Migraine, the most frequent neurological ailment, affects visual processing during and between attacks. Most visual disturbances associated with migraine can be explained by increased neural hyperexcitability, as suggested by clinical, physiological and ... ...

    Abstract Migraine, the most frequent neurological ailment, affects visual processing during and between attacks. Most visual disturbances associated with migraine can be explained by increased neural hyperexcitability, as suggested by clinical, physiological and neuroimaging evidence. Here, we review how simple (e.g., patterns, color) visual functions can be affected in patients with migraine, describe the different complex manifestations of the so-called Alice in Wonderland Syndrome, and discuss how visual stimuli can trigger migraine attacks. We also reinforce the importance of a thorough, proactive examination of visual function in people with migraine.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-28
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2411-5150
    ISSN (online) 2411-5150
    DOI 10.3390/vision5020020
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  4. Article ; Online: Can you have a migraine aura without knowing it?

    Hadjikhani, Nouchine / Vincent, Maurice

    Current opinion in neurology

    2021  Volume 34, Issue 3, Page(s) 350–355

    Abstract: Purpose of review: This review covers several aspects our understanding of episodic manifestations and unusual symptoms that may be associated with migraine aura.: Recent findings: The episodic manifestation of migraine aura is typically visual in ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: This review covers several aspects our understanding of episodic manifestations and unusual symptoms that may be associated with migraine aura.
    Recent findings: The episodic manifestation of migraine aura is typically visual in nature, although five other types are currently recognized: sensory, speech and/or language, motor, brainstem, and retinal. Other transitory perceptions or experiences such as emotional, olfactory, or auditory have been reported as possible migraine auras. As underlined by the much higher reported prevalence of aura manifestation in individuals with professional knowledge of its possible manifestations, it appears that a number of migraine auras may remain unnoticed, unreported, or misdiagnosed.
    Summary: Aura manifestations may be more common, complex, symptom-rich and variable than previously thought. Clinicians should proactively ask questions beyond those addressing visual symptoms when examining individuals with a potential diagnosis of migraine with aura.
    MeSH term(s) Brain Stem ; Epilepsy ; Humans ; Migraine with Aura/diagnosis ; Migraine with Aura/epidemiology ; Retina
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1182686-1
    ISSN 1473-6551 ; 1350-7540
    ISSN (online) 1473-6551
    ISSN 1350-7540
    DOI 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000924
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  5. Article ; Online: Visual Perception in Migraine

    Nouchine Hadjikhani / Maurice Vincent

    Vision, Vol 5, Iss 20, p

    A Narrative Review

    2021  Volume 20

    Abstract: Migraine, the most frequent neurological ailment, affects visual processing during and between attacks. Most visual disturbances associated with migraine can be explained by increased neural hyperexcitability, as suggested by clinical, physiological and ... ...

    Abstract Migraine, the most frequent neurological ailment, affects visual processing during and between attacks. Most visual disturbances associated with migraine can be explained by increased neural hyperexcitability, as suggested by clinical, physiological and neuroimaging evidence. Here, we review how simple (e.g., patterns, color) visual functions can be affected in patients with migraine, describe the different complex manifestations of the so-called Alice in Wonderland Syndrome, and discuss how visual stimuli can trigger migraine attacks. We also reinforce the importance of a thorough, proactive examination of visual function in people with migraine.
    Keywords migraine aura ; vision ; Alice in Wonderland Syndrome ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: A novel end-to-end dual-camera system for eye gaze synchrony assessment in face-to-face interaction.

    Thorsson, Max / Galazka, Martyna A / Åsberg Johnels, Jakob / Hadjikhani, Nouchine

    Attention, perception & psychophysics

    2023  

    Abstract: Quantification of face-to-face interaction can provide highly relevant information in cognitive and psychological science research. Current commercial glint-dependent solutions suffer from several disadvantages and limitations when applied in face-to- ... ...

    Abstract Quantification of face-to-face interaction can provide highly relevant information in cognitive and psychological science research. Current commercial glint-dependent solutions suffer from several disadvantages and limitations when applied in face-to-face interaction, including data loss, parallax errors, the inconvenience and distracting effect of wearables, and/or the need for several cameras to capture each person. Here we present a novel eye-tracking solution, consisting of a dual-camera system used in conjunction with an individually optimized deep learning approach that aims to overcome some of these limitations. Our data show that this system can accurately classify gaze location within different areas of the face of two interlocutors, and capture subtle differences in interpersonal gaze synchrony between two individuals during a (semi-)naturalistic face-to-face interaction.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2464550-3
    ISSN 1943-393X ; 1943-3921
    ISSN (online) 1943-393X
    ISSN 1943-3921
    DOI 10.3758/s13414-023-02679-4
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  7. Article ; Online: Sentence memory recall in adolescents: Effects of motor enactment, keyboarding, and handwriting during encoding.

    Söderlund, Göran B W / Torvanger, Silje / Hadjikhani, Nouchine / Johnels, Jakob Åsberg

    Brain and behavior

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 11, Page(s) e3226

    Abstract: Background: Prior research has shown that memory for action sentences is stronger when stimuli are enacted during encoding than simply listened to: the so-called enactment effect. The goal of the present study was to explore how writing during encoding- ... ...

    Abstract Background: Prior research has shown that memory for action sentences is stronger when stimuli are enacted during encoding than simply listened to: the so-called enactment effect. The goal of the present study was to explore how writing during encoding-through handwriting and through keyboarding-fares compared with enacting, in supporting memory recall.
    Methods: One hundred Norwegian high school students (64 girls, 36 boys) aged 16-21 years (M = 17.1) participated in the study. Four lists of verb-noun sentences with 12 sentences in each list were presented in four encoding conditions: (i) motor enactment, (ii) verbal listening, (iii) handwriting, and (iv) keyboarding.
    Results: Results revealed a significant main effect of encoding condition, with the best memory gained in the enactment condition. Regarding writing, results showed that handwriting and keyboarding during encoding produced the lowest recall in comparison with the enactment and verbal listening conditions.
    Conclusion: These results thus provide additional support for the enactment effect. While there has been much discussion on the relative benefits of handwriting versus keyboarding on student performance, both seemed to be equally poor strategies for the particular learning task explored here, potentially through increased cognitive load.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Female ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Memory ; Mental Recall ; Handwriting ; Students ; Language
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2623587-0
    ISSN 2162-3279 ; 2162-3279
    ISSN (online) 2162-3279
    ISSN 2162-3279
    DOI 10.1002/brb3.3226
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  8. Article ; Online: The trigeminal pathways.

    Terrier, Louis-Marie / Hadjikhani, Nouchine / Destrieux, Christophe

    Journal of neurology

    2022  Volume 269, Issue 7, Page(s) 3443–3460

    Abstract: The role of the trigeminal system in facial and dural sensitivity has been recognized for a long time. More recently, the trigeminal system has also been considered a prominent actor in brain nociceptive innervation. It is the anatomical substrate of ... ...

    Abstract The role of the trigeminal system in facial and dural sensitivity has been recognized for a long time. More recently, the trigeminal system has also been considered a prominent actor in brain nociceptive innervation. It is the anatomical substrate of several frequent conditions, such as primary or secondary headaches, trigeminal neuralgia, and other orofacial pains. Appreciation of the delicate anatomical arrangement of the trigeminal pathway is one of the keys to understanding these conditions' pathophysiology and to proposing innovative treatments. This review provides a structured presentation of existing knowledge about the trigeminal system, from classical anatomical data to the most recent literature. First, we present the organization of the trigeminal pathway from the trigeminal divisions, nerve, and nuclei to the thalamus and somatosensory cortex. We describe the neurons and fibers' repartition at each level, depending on the location (somatotopic organization) and the type of receptors (modal organization). Such a dual somatotopic-modal arrangement of the trigeminal fibers is especially clear for the juxtapontine segment of the trigeminal nerve and the trigeminal nuclei of the brainstem. It has significant clinical consequences both for diagnosis and treatment. Second, we explore how the trigeminal system is modulated and involved in reflexes, for instance the trigemino-cardiac and the trigemino-autonomic reflexes, which could play an essential role in the autonomic symptoms observed in cluster headache. Finally, we present how to interact with this complex system to relieve pain mediated by the trigeminal system. This section covers both neuromodulatory and lesional approaches.
    MeSH term(s) Cluster Headache ; Headache ; Humans ; Neurons/physiology ; Pain ; Trigeminal Nerve
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-06
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 187050-6
    ISSN 1432-1459 ; 0340-5354 ; 0012-1037 ; 0939-1517 ; 1619-800X
    ISSN (online) 1432-1459
    ISSN 0340-5354 ; 0012-1037 ; 0939-1517 ; 1619-800X
    DOI 10.1007/s00415-022-11002-4
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  9. Article ; Online: Correction to: Facial speech processing in children with and without dyslexia.

    Galazka, Martyna A / Hadjikhani, Nouchine / Sundqvist, Maria / Johnels, Jakob Åsberg

    Annals of dyslexia

    2021  Volume 71, Issue 3, Page(s) 525–526

    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 11939-8
    ISSN 1934-7243 ; 0736-9387
    ISSN (online) 1934-7243
    ISSN 0736-9387
    DOI 10.1007/s11881-021-00237-x
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  10. Article ; Online: Face Processing in School Children with Dyslexia: Neuropsychological and Eye-tracking Findings.

    Åsberg Johnels, Jakob / Hadjikhani, Nouchine / Sundqvist, Maria / Galazka, Martyna A

    Developmental neuropsychology

    2022  Volume 47, Issue 2, Page(s) 78–92

    Abstract: Dyslexia is a neurodevelopmental difficulty affecting reading, but recent data in adults suggest that difficulties also extend to face processing. Here, we tested face processing in school children with and without dyslexia, using eye-tracking and ... ...

    Abstract Dyslexia is a neurodevelopmental difficulty affecting reading, but recent data in adults suggest that difficulties also extend to face processing. Here, we tested face processing in school children with and without dyslexia, using eye-tracking and neuropsychological tests. Children with dyslexia didn't differ significantly from controls in face gaze patterns, face memory, or face identification accuracy. However, they were slower and more heterogeneous, with larger within-group variance than controls. Increased gaze patterns toward the eyes were associated with better face memory in controls. We discuss the possible role of experiential factors in prior research linking dyslexia and face processing differences.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Child ; Dyslexia/psychology ; Eye Movements ; Eye-Tracking Technology ; Facial Recognition ; Humans ; Reading
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 632665-1
    ISSN 1532-6942 ; 8756-5641
    ISSN (online) 1532-6942
    ISSN 8756-5641
    DOI 10.1080/87565641.2022.2034828
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