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Article ; Online: Potential Mechanisms of Action and Outcomes of Equine-Assisted Services for Veterans with a History of Trauma: A Narrative Review of the Literature.

Marchand, William R

International journal of environmental research and public health

2023 Volume 20, Issue 14

Abstract: Equine-assisted services (EASs) are being increasingly used as complementary interventions for military veterans who have experienced trauma. However, there is limited evidence of benefit for this population and almost no literature describing the ... ...

Abstract	Equine-assisted services (EASs) are being increasingly used as complementary interventions for military veterans who have experienced trauma. However, there is limited evidence of benefit for this population and almost no literature describing the desired potential outcomes and possible mechanisms of action. The aim of this article is to address these gaps by reviewing the extant literature of animal-assisted interventions in general, and equine-assisted services in particular, with the goal of providing guidance for future investigations in the field. Currently, the field is in the early stage of scientific development, but published results are promising. Interventions that enhance treatment compliance and/or outcomes could benefit this population. Preliminary results, reviewed herein, indicate that EAS interventions might benefit the military veteran population by enhancing treatment engagement and therapeutic alliance, as well as by contributing to symptom reduction and resulting in various transdiagnostic benefits. It is recommended that future studies include exploration of potential beneficial outcomes discussed herein, as well as investigate suggested mechanisms of action.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Horses ; Humans ; Veterans ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/therapy ; Military Personnel ; Therapeutic Alliance
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph20146377
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Article ; Online: A pilot observational study of a psychotherapy incorporating equines resiliency intervention for staff at a large medical center.

Marchand, William R / Sullivan-Sakaeda, Laurie

Complementary therapies in clinical practice

2022 Volume 49, Page(s) 101660

Abstract: Background: and purpose: Stress and burnout among healthcare workers are significant public health concerns. The primary aim of this pilot study was to conduct preliminary assessments of safety, feasibility, and participant satisfaction with a ... ...

Abstract	Background: and purpose: Stress and burnout among healthcare workers are significant public health concerns. The primary aim of this pilot study was to conduct preliminary assessments of safety, feasibility, and participant satisfaction with a psychotherapy incorporating equines (PIE)-based resiliency intervention for healthcare workers. The overarching goal was to lay the groundwork for future, more rigorous investigations. Lastly, a very preliminary assessment of using the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II (AAQII) to assess for changes in psychological flexibility (PF) associated with PIE was conducted. Materials and methods: Thirty-seven staff members from a medical center participated in a 4-h PIE-based resiliency retreat. Pre- and post-intervention instruments were utilized to assess participants' self-perception of physical and psychological health (PROMIS Global Short Form) and enjoyment of (Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale) and satisfaction with (Client Satisfaction Questionnaire) the intervention, as well as changes in PF (AAQII). Results: There were no adverse effects on participants, staff, or equines. Preliminary results suggested that the intervention was perceived as enjoyable by participants. However, the intervention was not fully utilized. Finally, there was a significant (p = 0.02) pre-to post-intervention change in AAQII scores. Conclusion: This study provides a foundation for future rigorous studies of PIE-based resiliency interventions for medical staff. Given the limitations of this pilot work, firm conclusions cannot be drawn regarding safety and feasibility. However, the preliminary results suggest that future studies of this intervention are warranted and that the AAQII may be a useful instrument to assess for possible changes in PF.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Horses ; Animals ; Pilot Projects ; Resilience, Psychological ; Burnout, Professional/psychology ; Psychotherapy/methods ; Health Personnel/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Observational Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2182834-9
ISSN	1873-6947 ; 1744-3881
ISSN (online)	1873-6947
ISSN	1744-3881
DOI	10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101660
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Article ; Online: Evaluation of Quatsome Morphology, Composition, and Stability for

Du, Changyue / Woolcott, Sascha / Wahba, Alexander Sean / Hamry, Sally R / Odette, William L / Thibodeaux, Christopher J / Marchand, Patrick / Mauzeroll, Janine

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids

2024 Volume 40, Issue 3, Page(s) 1623–1632

Abstract: Biofilm infections are a major cause of food poisoning and hospital-acquired infections. Quaternary ammonium compounds are a group of effective disinfectants widely used in industry and households, yet their efficacy is lessened when used as antibiofilm ... ...

Abstract	Biofilm infections are a major cause of food poisoning and hospital-acquired infections. Quaternary ammonium compounds are a group of effective disinfectants widely used in industry and households, yet their efficacy is lessened when used as antibiofilm agents compared to that against planktonic bacteria. It is therefore necessary to identify alternative formulations of quaternary ammonium compounds to achieve an effective biofilm dispersal. Quaternary ammonium amphiphiles can form vesicular structures termed "quatsomes" in the presence of cholesterol. In addition to their intrinsic antimicrobial properties, quatsomes can also be used for the delivery of other types of antibiotics or biomarkers. In this study, quatsomes were prepared from binary mixtures of cholesterol and mono- or dialkyl-quaternary ammonium compounds; then, the integrity and stability of their vesicular structure were assessed and related to monomer chain number and chain length. The quatsomes were used to treat
MeSH term(s)	Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; Biofilms ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Cholesterol ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Chemical Substances	Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cholesterol (97C5T2UQ7J)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2005937-1
ISSN	1520-5827 ; 0743-7463
ISSN (online)	1520-5827
ISSN	0743-7463
DOI	10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02491
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Article ; Online: A replication study of a psychotherapy incorporating horses resiliency intervention for healthcare workers.

Marchand, William R / Sullivan-Sakaeda, Laurie / Lackner, Ryan / Taplin, Dylan / Nazarenko, Elena

Complementary therapies in medicine

2023 Volume 76, Page(s) 102965

Abstract: Objectives: The first aim of this pilot observational study was to replicate a previous study of a resiliency psychotherapy incorporating horses (PIH) intervention for healthcare workers. The second aim was to address some gaps in the literature ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: The first aim of this pilot observational study was to replicate a previous study of a resiliency psychotherapy incorporating horses (PIH) intervention for healthcare workers. The second aim was to address some gaps in the literature regarding equine-assisted services more broadly. Design: Prospective open trial. Setting: A large healthcare system and a community equine facility INTERVENTION: A single-session four-hour intervention that focused on participants resilience. Main outcome measures: Safety, feasibility, and utilization were assessed, and psychological instruments were administered. Instruments utilized were the Positive and Negative Affect Scale the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II, and the Conner-Davidson Resiliency Scale. Results: Thirty-eight subjects participated in the study, the majority of which were female (71.1 %). The age group with the most representation included those ranging from age 25-34. The intervention was safe but underutilized. Participation was associated with improved psychological flexibility (PF), and positive affect, as well as reduction in negative affect pre- to post-intervention. There was no change in resiliency and there were no associations between improvements in affect and PF. Conclusions: Resiliency PIH interventions for healthcare workers can be utilized safely and likely result in short-term psychological benefits for participants. Future randomized controlled investigations are warranted, and these studies should implement methods to maximize utilization. Additionally, this study and the literature suggest that enhanced affect and PF are likely important EAS outcomes across a variety of interventions. These constructs should be investigated with more rigorous studies including comparisons of interventions with and without a psychotherapy component.
MeSH term(s)	Horses ; Humans ; Male ; Animals ; Female ; Prospective Studies ; Psychotherapy/methods ; Health Personnel/psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-18
Publishing country	Scotland
Document type	Observational Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1155895-7
ISSN	1873-6963 ; 0965-2299
ISSN (online)	1873-6963
ISSN	0965-2299
DOI	10.1016/j.ctim.2023.102965
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Article ; Online: Evaluation of a mindfulness and self-compassion-based psychotherapy incorporating horses for Veterans who have experienced trauma.

Marchand, William R / Lackner, Ryan / Hartquist, Amy / Finnell, Lisa / Nazarenko, Elena

Complementary therapies in medicine

2023 Volume 72, Page(s) 102914

Abstract: Objectives: The primary aim of this pilot study was to assess the safety, feasibility, acceptability, as well as preliminary outcomes of a mindfulness and self-compassion-based psychotherapy incorporating horses (PIH) intervention, Whispers with Horses, ...

Abstract	Objectives: The primary aim of this pilot study was to assess the safety, feasibility, acceptability, as well as preliminary outcomes of a mindfulness and self-compassion-based psychotherapy incorporating horses (PIH) intervention, Whispers with Horses, for Veterans who had experienced trauma. Whispers with Horses was developed as a structured intervention that could be easily replicated for additional studies. If shown to be effective by future rigorous research, the aim is to disseminate a manualized version of the intervention to the field. Design: Prospective open trial. Setting: A large Veterans Administration healthcare system and local equine facilities. Intervention: A six-session PIH intervention that focused on participants developing or enhancing mindfulness and self-compassion skills in the context of an emerging horse-human relationship. Main outcome measures: Safety, feasibility and acceptability were assessed, and psychological instruments were administered. Instruments utilized were the PTSD Checklist for DSM 5 (PCL-V), the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II (AAQ-II), and the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES). Results: Subjects were 33 Veterans who were 52% male with a mean age of 46 years-old. There were no adverse outcomes to participants indicating the intervention was safe. Participants completed an average of 3.8 sessions with 24% completing all sessions indicating the intervention is feasible to use, and acceptable to, the population studied. The mean PACES score for all sessions together was 110.4, indicating subjects generally enjoyed participation. Preliminary outcome assessments revealed pre- to post-session significant improvements in affect and psychological flexibility for some sessions (p ranging from.001 -0.015). Pre- to post-intervention outcomes indicated significant improvements in depression (p = .003) and psychological flexibility (p = .005). Conclusions: The Whispers with Horses intervention shows promise as a PIH for Veterans who have experienced trauma. More rigorous studies of this intervention are warranted. Also, additional investigations aimed at better understanding mechanisms underlying changes in psychological flexibility are justified.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Horses ; Animals ; Middle Aged ; Female ; Mindfulness ; Veterans/psychology ; Self-Compassion ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/therapy ; Pilot Projects ; Prospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-04
Publishing country	Scotland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1155895-7
ISSN	1873-6963 ; 0965-2299
ISSN (online)	1873-6963
ISSN	0965-2299
DOI	10.1016/j.ctim.2023.102914
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Article ; Online: Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement for Veterans and Military Personnel on Long-Term Opioid Therapy for Chronic Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Garland, Eric L / Nakamura, Yoshio / Bryan, Craig J / Hanley, Adam W / Parisi, Anna / Froeliger, Brett / Marchand, William R / Donaldson, Gary W

The American journal of psychiatry

2024 Volume 181, Issue 2, Page(s) 125–134

Abstract: Objective: This randomized clinical trial evaluated the efficacy of Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE) among past and present U.S. military personnel with prescriptions for long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain.: Methods: In this ... ...

Abstract	Objective: This randomized clinical trial evaluated the efficacy of Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE) among past and present U.S. military personnel with prescriptions for long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain. Methods: In this clinical trial, 230 past and present military personnel with prescriptions for long-term opioid therapy were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to MORE or supportive psychotherapy (initially delivered in person and then via videoconferencing after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic). Primary outcomes were chronic pain, measured by the Brief Pain Inventory, and aberrant drug-related behaviors, measured by the Current Opioid Misuse Measure, through 8 months of follow-up. Opioid dose was a key secondary outcome. Other outcomes included psychiatric symptoms, catastrophizing, positive affect, ecological momentary assessments of opioid craving, and opioid attentional bias. Results: MORE was superior to supportive psychotherapy through the 8-month follow-up in reducing pain-related functional interference, pain severity, and opioid dose. MORE reduced daily opioid dose by 20.7%, compared with a dose reduction of 3.9% with supportive psychotherapy. Although there was no overall between-group difference in opioid misuse, the in-person MORE intervention outperformed supportive psychotherapy for reducing opioid misuse. MORE reduced anhedonia, pain catastrophizing, craving, and opioid attentional bias and increased positive affect to a greater extent than supportive psychotherapy. MORE also modulated therapeutic processes, including mindful reinterpretation of pain sensations, nonreactivity, savoring, positive attention, and reappraisal. Conclusions: Among past and present U.S. military personnel, MORE led to sustained decreases in chronic pain, opioid use, craving, and opioid cue reactivity. MORE facilitated opioid dose reduction while preserving adequate pain control and preventing mood disturbances, suggesting its utility for safe opioid tapering.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use ; Mindfulness ; Veterans ; Military Personnel ; Chronic Pain/drug therapy ; Chronic Pain/psychology ; Pandemics ; Opioid-Related Disorders/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Analgesics, Opioid
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	280045-7
ISSN	1535-7228 ; 0002-953X
ISSN (online)	1535-7228
ISSN	0002-953X
DOI	10.1176/appi.ajp.20230272
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Article ; Online: Heightened autonomic reactivity to negative affective stimuli among active duty soldiers with PTSD and opioid-treated chronic pain.

Bedford, Carter E / Nakamura, Yoshio / Marchand, William R / Garland, Eric L

Psychiatry research

2022 Volume 309, Page(s) 114394

Abstract: Within military populations, chronic pain conditions and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) frequently co-occur, however, little research has examined the psychophysiological correlates of this comorbidity among active-duty soldiers. The current study ... ...

Abstract	Within military populations, chronic pain conditions and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) frequently co-occur, however, little research has examined the psychophysiological correlates of this comorbidity among active-duty soldiers. The current study examined physiological reactivity to negative affective stimuli among 30 active duty soldiers with chronic pain conditions treated with long-term opioid therapy. Participants completed a diagnostic interview and self-report measures. Then, their heart rate and skin temperature were recorded during an affective picture-viewing task. Soldiers with PTSD exhibited greater increases in the ratio of low-to-high frequency heart rate variability (LF/HF HRV) while viewing negative affective images than soldiers without PTSD. PTSD symptom severity was positively associated with LF/HF HRV reactivity and negatively associated with skin temperature reactivity. Additionally, opioid craving was associated with LF/HF HRV and skin temperature reactivity among soldiers with PTSD. Taken together, the results of the present study provide evidence for heightened sympathetic nervous system reactivity among soldiers with comorbid chronic pain and PTSD, underscoring the importance of intervening on potential risk factors for these conditions.
MeSH term(s)	Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Chronic Pain/drug therapy ; Chronic Pain/psychology ; Heart Rate/physiology ; Humans ; Military Personnel ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/complications ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	Analgesics, Opioid
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-14
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	445361-x
ISSN	1872-7123 ; 1872-7506 ; 0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
ISSN (online)	1872-7123 ; 1872-7506
ISSN	0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
DOI	10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114394
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Article ; Online: A replication study of a psychotherapy incorporating horses resiliency intervention for healthcare workers

William R. Marchand / Laurie Sullivan-Sakaeda / Ryan Lackner / Dylan Taplin / Elena Nazarenko

Complementary Therapies in Medicine, Vol 76, Iss , Pp 102965- (2023)

2023

Abstract	Objectives: The first aim of this pilot observational study was to replicate a previous study of a resiliency psychotherapy incorporating horses (PIH) intervention for healthcare workers. The second aim was to address some gaps in the literature regarding equine-assisted services more broadly. Design: Prospective open trial. Setting: A large healthcare system and a community equine facility Intervention: A single-session four-hour intervention that focused on participants resilience. Main outcome measures: Safety, feasibility, and utilization were assessed, and psychological instruments were administered. Instruments utilized were the Positive and Negative Affect Scale the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II, and the Conner-Davidson Resiliency Scale. Results: Thirty-eight subjects participated in the study, the majority of which were female (71.1 %). The age group with the most representation included those ranging from age 25–34. The intervention was safe but underutilized. Participation was associated with improved psychological flexibility (PF), and positive affect, as well as reduction in negative affect pre- to post-intervention. There was no change in resiliency and there were no associations between improvements in affect and PF. Conclusions: Resiliency PIH interventions for healthcare workers can be utilized safely and likely result in short-term psychological benefits for participants. Future randomized controlled investigations are warranted, and these studies should implement methods to maximize utilization. Additionally, this study and the literature suggest that enhanced affect and PF are likely important EAS outcomes across a variety of interventions. These constructs should be investigated with more rigorous studies including comparisons of interventions with and without a psychotherapy component.
Keywords	Equine-assisted services ; Psychotherapy incorporating horses ; Psychological flexibility ; Resilience ; Other systems of medicine ; RZ201-999
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Evaluation of a mindfulness and self-compassion-based psychotherapy incorporating horses for Veterans who have experienced trauma

William R. Marchand / Ryan Lackner / Amy Hartquist / Lisa Finnell / Elena Nazarenko

Complementary Therapies in Medicine, Vol 72, Iss , Pp 102914- (2023)

2023

Abstract	Objectives: The primary aim of this pilot study was to assess the safety, feasibility, acceptability, as well as preliminary outcomes of a mindfulness and self-compassion-based psychotherapy incorporating horses (PIH) intervention, Whispers with Horses, for Veterans who had experienced trauma. Whispers with Horses was developed as a structured intervention that could be easily replicated for additional studies. If shown to be effective by future rigorous research, the aim is to disseminate a manualized version of the intervention to the field. Design: Prospective open trial. Setting: A large Veterans Administration healthcare system and local equine facilities. Intervention: A six-session PIH intervention that focused on participants developing or enhancing mindfulness and self-compassion skills in the context of an emerging horse-human relationship. Main outcome measures: Safety, feasibility and acceptability were assessed, and psychological instruments were administered. Instruments utilized were the PTSD Checklist for DSM 5 (PCL-V), the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II (AAQ-II), and the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES). Results: Subjects were 33 Veterans who were 52% male with a mean age of 46 years-old. There were no adverse outcomes to participants indicating the intervention was safe. Participants completed an average of 3.8 sessions with 24% completing all sessions indicating the intervention is feasible to use, and acceptable to, the population studied. The mean PACES score for all sessions together was 110.4, indicating subjects generally enjoyed participation. Preliminary outcome assessments revealed pre- to post-session significant improvements in affect and psychological flexibility for some sessions (p ranging from.001 −0.015). Pre- to post-intervention outcomes indicated significant improvements in depression (p = .003) and psychological flexibility (p = .005). Conclusions: The Whispers with ...
Keywords	Equine-assisted services ; Veterans ; Psychotherapy incorporating horses ; Trauma ; Posttraumatic stress disorder ; Depression ; Other systems of medicine ; RZ201-999
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Neural mechanisms of mindfulness and meditation: Evidence from neuroimaging studies.

Marchand, William R

World journal of radiology

2014 Volume 6, Issue 7, Page(s) 471–479

Abstract: Mindfulness is the dispassionate, moment-by-moment awareness of sensations, emotions and thoughts. Mindfulness-based interventions are being increasingly used for stress, psychological well being, coping with chronic illness as well as adjunctive ... ...

Abstract	Mindfulness is the dispassionate, moment-by-moment awareness of sensations, emotions and thoughts. Mindfulness-based interventions are being increasingly used for stress, psychological well being, coping with chronic illness as well as adjunctive treatments for psychiatric disorders. However, the neural mechanisms associated with mindfulness have not been well characterized. Recent functional and structural neuroimaging studies are beginning to provide insights into neural processes associated with the practice of mindfulness. A review of this literature revealed compelling evidence that mindfulness impacts the function of the medial cortex and associated default mode network as well as insula and amygdala. Additionally, mindfulness practice appears to effect lateral frontal regions and basal ganglia, at least in some cases. Structural imaging studies are consistent with these findings and also indicate changes in the hippocampus. While many questions remain unanswered, the current literature provides evidence of brain regions and networks relevant for understanding neural processes associated with mindfulness.
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-02-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2573705-3
ISSN	1949-8470
ISSN	1949-8470
DOI	10.4329/wjr.v6.i7.471
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