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  1. Article ; Online: Reusable Elastomeric Respirators in HealthCare.

    Pompeii, Lisa / Hines, Stella E

    Workplace health & safety

    2021  Volume 69, Issue 6, Page(s) 291–292

    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2649181-3
    ISSN 2165-0969 ; 2165-0799
    ISSN (online) 2165-0969
    ISSN 2165-0799
    DOI 10.1177/21650799211013796
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Tolerability, user acceptance and preference for a novel reusable respirator among health care workers.

    Zhuang, Eileen / Chen, Hegang H / Kolesnik, Olga / Hines, Stella E

    American journal of infection control

    2022  Volume 51, Issue 7, Page(s) 821–826

    Abstract: Background: The CleanSpace Technology Halo respirator combines a clear face mask and a powered air supply, without belts or hoses. Although providing higher protection than other respirators used in health care, user acceptance of this device has not ... ...

    Abstract Background: The CleanSpace Technology Halo respirator combines a clear face mask and a powered air supply, without belts or hoses. Although providing higher protection than other respirators used in health care, user acceptance of this device has not been assessed with validated tools.
    Methods: We surveyed healthcare workers (HCWs) within a US medical system using Halo respirators in 2021. Subjects completed 3 surveys over 8 weeks, which included the Respirator Comfort, Wearing Experience, and Function Instrument (R-COMFI), a validated tool to assess respirator tolerability. The survey included additional questions about user acceptability and respirator preference. Responses were evaluated for change over time and for significant predictors.
    Results: Of 113 HCWs who completed the initial survey (29% response rate), mean ± SD R-COMFI score was 9.1± 5.1, (scale 0-47, lower = more tolerable) and did not change over time (P = .42). Fewer years in healthcare significantly predicted better R-COMFI score (P = .01). Many users preferred Halo in both usual care (45%-52%) and care of patients with COVID-19 (60%-64%).
    Discussion: Halo respirators received favorable tolerability scores by HCWs, who often preferred them, especially during care of patients with COVID-19.
    Conclusions: Given demand for respirator use in health care, the innovative design provides higher protection than other respirators with a favorable user experience.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Respiratory Protective Devices ; Personal Protective Equipment ; Ventilators, Mechanical ; Health Personnel
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 392362-9
    ISSN 1527-3296 ; 0196-6553
    ISSN (online) 1527-3296
    ISSN 0196-6553
    DOI 10.1016/j.ajic.2022.09.006
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Restrictive spirometry pattern among construction trade workers.

    Hines, Stella E / Dement, John / Cloeren, Marianne / Cranford, Kim / Quinn, Patricia S / Ringen, Knut

    American journal of industrial medicine

    2023  Volume 66, Issue 6, Page(s) 484–499

    Abstract: Background: Spirometry-based studies of occupational lung disease have mostly focused on obstructive or mixed obstructive/restrictive outcomes. We wanted to determine if restrictive spirometry pattern (RSP) is associated with occupation and increased ... ...

    Abstract Background: Spirometry-based studies of occupational lung disease have mostly focused on obstructive or mixed obstructive/restrictive outcomes. We wanted to determine if restrictive spirometry pattern (RSP) is associated with occupation and increased mortality.
    Methods: Study participants included 18,145 workers with demographic and smoking data and repeatable spirometry. The mortality analysis cohort included 15,445 workers with known vital status and cause of death through December 31, 2016. Stratified analyses explored RSP prevalence by demographic and clinical variables and trade. Log-binomial regression models explored RSP risk factors while controlling for important confounders such as smoking, obesity, and comorbidities. Cox regression models explored mortality risk by spirometry category.
    Results: Prevalence of RSP was very high (28.6%). Mortality hazard ratios for RSP were 1.50 for all causes, 1.86 for cardiovascular diseases, 2.31 for respiratory diseases, and 1.66 for lung cancer. All construction trades except painters, machinists, and roofers had significantly elevated risk for RSP compared to our internal reference group. RSP was significantly associated with both parenchymal and pleural changes seen by chest X-ray.
    Conclusions: Construction trade workers are at significantly increased risk for RSP independent of obesity. Individuals with RSP are at increased risk for all-cause mortality as well as mortality attributable to respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and lung cancer. RSP deserves greater attention in occupational medicine and epidemiology.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Construction Industry ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Spirometry ; Respiration Disorders ; Lung Neoplasms ; Obesity/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 604538-8
    ISSN 1097-0274 ; 0271-3586
    ISSN (online) 1097-0274
    ISSN 0271-3586
    DOI 10.1002/ajim.23474
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Update on metal-induced occupational lung disease.

    Wyman, Anne E / Hines, Stella E

    Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology

    2018  Volume 18, Issue 2, Page(s) 73–79

    Abstract: Purpose of review: Occupational and environmental exposures to metals can result in multiple pulmonary conditions. This article will review recent epidemiologic and mechanistic studies that have enhanced our understanding of the association between ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: Occupational and environmental exposures to metals can result in multiple pulmonary conditions. This article will review recent epidemiologic and mechanistic studies that have enhanced our understanding of the association between particular lung diseases and exposure to specific metals.
    Recent findings: Recent studies have broadened our understanding of the mechanisms of lung diseases such as CBD in established industries and drawn attention to conditions that may arise from exposure to metals such as indium in developing technologies. New diagnostic techniques such as elemental tissue analysis may help establish a diagnosis of metal-induced occupational lung disease. Electronic cigarette devices, environmental pollutants, and the growing use of nanoparticle-sized metals pose additional risks to workers and consumers.
    Summary: Recognizing the risks of pulmonary disease in workers exposed to metals and performing a thorough occupational history and diagnostic work-up in patients with unexplained respiratory findings is necessary to promote understanding and prevention of metal-induced lung disease.
    MeSH term(s) Air Pollutants, Occupational/immunology ; Humans ; Industry/standards ; Lung/pathology ; Lung Diseases/immunology ; Lung Diseases/prevention & control ; Metals/immunology ; Metals/standards ; Occupational Diseases/diagnosis ; Occupational Diseases/immunology ; Occupational Diseases/pathology ; Occupational Diseases/prevention & control ; Occupational Exposure/adverse effects ; Workplace/standards
    Chemical Substances Air Pollutants, Occupational ; Metals
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-02-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2088710-3
    ISSN 1473-6322 ; 1528-4050
    ISSN (online) 1473-6322
    ISSN 1528-4050
    DOI 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000420
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Trends in Moral Injury, Distress, and Resilience Factors among Healthcare Workers at the Beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

    Hines, Stella E / Chin, Katherine H / Glick, Danielle R / Wickwire, Emerson M

    International journal of environmental research and public health

    2021  Volume 18, Issue 2

    Abstract: The coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome (COVID-19) pandemic has placed increased stress on healthcare workers (HCWs). While anxiety and post-traumatic stress have been evaluated in HCWs during previous pandemics, moral injury, a construct ... ...

    Abstract The coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome (COVID-19) pandemic has placed increased stress on healthcare workers (HCWs). While anxiety and post-traumatic stress have been evaluated in HCWs during previous pandemics, moral injury, a construct historically evaluated in military populations, has not. We hypothesized that the experience of moral injury and psychiatric distress among HCWs would increase over time during the pandemic and vary with resiliency factors. From a convenience sample, we performed an email-based, longitudinal survey of HCWs at a tertiary care hospital between March and July 2020. Surveys measured occupational and resilience factors and psychiatric distress and moral injury, assessed by the Impact of Events Scale-Revised and the Moral Injury Events Scale, respectively. Responses were assessed at baseline, 1-month, and 3-month time points. Moral injury remained stable over three months, while distress declined. A supportive workplace environment was related to lower moral injury whereas a stressful, less supportive environment was associated with increased moral injury. Distress was not affected by any baseline occupational or resiliency factors, though poor sleep at baseline predicted more distress. Overall, our data suggest that attention to improving workplace support and lowering workplace stress may protect HCWs from adverse emotional outcomes.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/psychology ; Health Personnel/psychology ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Morals ; Occupational Stress/psychology ; Pandemics ; Psychological Distress ; Resilience, Psychological ; Social Support ; Workplace
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1660-4601
    ISSN (online) 1660-4601
    DOI 10.3390/ijerph18020488
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Initiation of a survey of healthcare worker distress and moral injury at the onset of the COVID-19 surge.

    Hines, Stella E / Chin, Katherine H / Levine, Andrea R / Wickwire, Emerson M

    American journal of industrial medicine

    2020  Volume 63, Issue 9, Page(s) 830–833

    MeSH term(s) Academic Medical Centers ; Adult ; Baltimore ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/psychology ; Female ; Health Personnel/psychology ; Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Male ; Occupational Stress/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/psychology ; Resilience, Psychological ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 604538-8
    ISSN 1097-0274 ; 0271-3586
    ISSN (online) 1097-0274
    ISSN 0271-3586
    DOI 10.1002/ajim.23157
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  7. Article ; Online: Characteristics Associated With Health Care Worker Knowledge and Confidence in Elastomeric Half-Mask Respirator Use.

    Thurman, Paul / Zhuang, Eileen / Chen, Hegang H / McClain, Caitlin / Sietsema, Margaret / Fernando, Rohan / McDiarmid, Melissa A / Hines, Stella E

    Journal of occupational and environmental medicine

    2022  Volume 64, Issue 9, Page(s) 802–807

    Abstract: Objective: This study evaluated health care workers' (HCWs') knowledge and confidence in using elastomeric half-mask respirator (EHMR) attributes known to influence usage.: Methods: Health care workers were surveyed regarding their EHMR donning and ... ...

    Abstract Objective: This study evaluated health care workers' (HCWs') knowledge and confidence in using elastomeric half-mask respirator (EHMR) attributes known to influence usage.
    Methods: Health care workers were surveyed regarding their EHMR donning and doffing experience. Respondents were categorized into competency categories based on their scores. Category differences were analyzed using χ 2 and multiple logistic regression.
    Results: Seventy-two percent showed high levels of EHMR donning and doffing knowledge and confidence (mastery); however, 21% had greater confidence than knowledge (misinformed). Respiratory therapists had greater odds of mastery than other HCWs ( P < 0.05), whereas those working in medical/surgical and pediatric units had greater odds of doubt than other HCWs ( P < 0.01).
    Conclusions: Although most HCWs show high knowledge and confidence with EHMR use, strategies to confirm respirator use competency may ensure greater HCWs protection.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Respiratory Protective Devices ; Ventilators, Mechanical
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1223932-x
    ISSN 1536-5948 ; 1076-2752
    ISSN (online) 1536-5948
    ISSN 1076-2752
    DOI 10.1097/JOM.0000000000002611
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Can extraoral suction units minimize droplet spatter during a simulated dental procedure?

    Chavis, Sydnee E / Hines, Stella E / Dyalram, Donita / Wilken, Nicholas Cole / Dalby, Richard N

    Journal of the American Dental Association (1939)

    2021  Volume 152, Issue 2, Page(s) 157–165

    Abstract: Background: Aerosol and droplet production is inherent to dentistry. Potential for COVID-19 spread through aerosols and droplets characterizes dentistry as having a high risk of experiencing viral transmission, with necessity for aerosol and droplet ... ...

    Abstract Background: Aerosol and droplet production is inherent to dentistry. Potential for COVID-19 spread through aerosols and droplets characterizes dentistry as having a high risk of experiencing viral transmission, with necessity for aerosol and droplet mitigation.
    Methods: Simulations of restorative treatment were completed on a dental manikin with a high-speed handpiece and high-volume evacuation suction. Variable experimental conditions with use of an extraoral vacuum suction at different distances from the simulated patient's mouth and different vacuum settings were tested to evaluate extraoral suction ability for droplet reduction.
    Results: Using the extraoral suction unit during dental procedure simulations reduced droplet spatter at the dentist's eye level, as well as the level of the simulated patient's mouth. When the extraoral suction unit was used at level 10 and 4 inches from the simulated patient's mouth, less spatter was detected.
    Conclusions: Extraoral suction units are an effective method of reducing droplet spatter during operative dental procedures and can be useful in helping reduce risk of experiencing COVID-19 spread during dental procedures.
    Practical implications: During the pandemic, dentistry and its aerosol-generating procedures were placed on hold. The process to getting back to patient care is multifactorial, including personal protective equipment, patient screening, and mitigating aerosol spread.
    MeSH term(s) Aerosols ; COVID-19 ; Dental Care ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Suction
    Chemical Substances Aerosols
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 220622-5
    ISSN 1943-4723 ; 0002-8177 ; 1048-6364
    ISSN (online) 1943-4723
    ISSN 0002-8177 ; 1048-6364
    DOI 10.1016/j.adaj.2020.10.010
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Isolated Pauci-Immune Pulmonary Capillaritis Associated with Hydrocarbon Inhalation and Marijuana Smoking: An Unusual Case of Severe Hypoxemia.

    Oh, Jason S / Wong, Uni / Bajaj, Divyansh / Hines, Stella E

    Case reports in pulmonology

    2020  Volume 2020, Page(s) 1264859

    Abstract: We present a case report of a patient with Isolated pauci-immune pulmonary capillaritis (IPIPC). A 40-year-old male presented with acute onset severe hypoxemic respiratory failure. He had just returned home from work as a cabinetmaker, where he ... ...

    Abstract We present a case report of a patient with Isolated pauci-immune pulmonary capillaritis (IPIPC). A 40-year-old male presented with acute onset severe hypoxemic respiratory failure. He had just returned home from work as a cabinetmaker, where he experienced inhalational exposure to hydrocarbons and solvents, and had smoked a marijuana cigarette. He was hypotensive, and his chest imaging showed bilateral dependent infiltrates. His hypoxemia made little improvement after conventional ventilator support and broad-spectrum antibacterial therapy and he was considered too unstable to tolerate diagnostic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage. His laboratory evaluation initially showed microscopic hematuria which later cleared, but other tests including serologic autoimmune assessment were negative, and he did not have any traditional risk factors for vasculitis. A video-assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy revealed diffuse alveolar hemorrhage with pulmonary capillaritis on histopathology. He was diagnosed with IPIPC and initiated on immunosuppressive therapy. He was soon liberated from mechanical ventilation and improved to hospital discharge. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage from Goodpasture's Syndrome has manifested following inhalation of hydrocarbons and following smoking. This has not previously been reported with IPIPC. Given the lack of other findings and risk factors, his IPIPC was likely associated with occupational exposures to hydrocarbons as a cabinetmaker compounded by marijuana smoking.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2666707-1
    ISSN 2090-6854 ; 2090-6846
    ISSN (online) 2090-6854
    ISSN 2090-6846
    DOI 10.1155/2020/1264859
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Physiological Impacts of Surgical Mask Coverage of Elastomeric Half-mask Respirator Exhalation Valves in Healthcare Workers.

    Zhuang, Eileen / Thurman, Paul / Chen, Hegang H / McDiarmid, Melissa A / Hines, Stella E

    Annals of work exposures and health

    2021  Volume 66, Issue 2, Page(s) 233–245

    Abstract: Objectives: Elastomeric half-mask respirator (EHMR) use in healthcare increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Concern for potential release of infectious aerosols from EHMR exhalation valves prompted recommendations to cover them with ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Elastomeric half-mask respirator (EHMR) use in healthcare increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Concern for potential release of infectious aerosols from EHMR exhalation valves prompted recommendations to cover them with surgical masks (SMs), thereby improving source control. The physiological and subjective effects of wearing a SM over the exhalation valve of an EHMR, however, are unknown.
    Methods: Twelve healthy healthcare worker volunteers completed a 30-min series of simulated healthcare-related tasks, including resting, talking, walking, and bending, proning and supinating a weighted manikin, and performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation. This series recurred three times with different mask configurations-SM only, EHMR only, or EHMR with SM covering the exhalation valve. A transcutaneous sensor continuously measured carbon dioxide (tcPCO2), oxygen saturation (SpO2), and heart rate (HR) from each subject. Subjects scored their rates of perceived exertion (RPE) and levels of discomfort after each round. Physiological parameters and subjective scores were analyzed using mixed linear models with a fixed effect for mask type, activity, age, body mass index (BMI), and gender. Analysis also tested for interaction between mask type and activity.
    Results: Physiological parameters remained within normal ranges for all mask configurations but varied by task. Statistically significant but small decreases in mean tcPCO2 (37.17 versus 37.88 mmHg, P < 0.001) and SpO2 (97.74 versus 97.94%, P < 0.001) were associated with wearing EHMR with SM over the exhalation valve compared with EHMR alone. Mean HR did not differ between these mask configurations. Wearing SM only was associated with lower RPE and level of discomfort compared with EHMR, but these subjective scores did not differ when comparing EHMR with SM to EHMR only. Age, BMI, and gender had no significant effect on any outcomes.
    Conclusions: Wearing a SM over an EHMR did not produce clinically significant changes in tcPCO2, SpO2, or HR compared with uncovered EHMR during healthcare-related tasks. Covered EHMR use also did not affect perceived exertion or discomfort compared with uncovered EHMR use. Covering the exhalation valve of an EHMR with a SM for source control purposes can be done safely.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Exhalation ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Masks ; Occupational Exposure ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Ventilators, Mechanical
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2885096-8
    ISSN 2398-7316 ; 2398-7308
    ISSN (online) 2398-7316
    ISSN 2398-7308
    DOI 10.1093/annweh/wxab069
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