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  1. Article ; Online: PCSK9: From Nature's Loss to Patient's Gain.

    Hobbs, Helen H / Cohen, Jonathan C / Horton, Jay D

    Circulation

    2024  Volume 149, Issue 3, Page(s) 171–173

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Proprotein Convertase 9/genetics ; Serine Endopeptidases ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Receptors, LDL
    Chemical Substances PCSK9 protein, human (EC 3.4.21.-) ; Proprotein Convertase 9 (EC 3.4.21.-) ; Serine Endopeptidases (EC 3.4.21.-) ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Receptors, LDL
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80099-5
    ISSN 1524-4539 ; 0009-7322 ; 0069-4193 ; 0065-8499
    ISSN (online) 1524-4539
    ISSN 0009-7322 ; 0069-4193 ; 0065-8499
    DOI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.064498
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Congenital Retinal Macrovessel and Cavernous Hemangioma in Cowden Syndrome - A Case Report and Review of Literature.

    Cohen, Devin C / Tsui, Jonathan C / Scoles, Drew H

    Retinal cases & brief reports

    2023  

    Abstract: ... cavernous hemangioma. Previously performed genetic testing revealed a pathogenic c.46dupT mutation in the PTEN gene ...

    Abstract Purpose: To describe a case of unilateral congenital retinal macrovessel with a retinal cavernous hemangioma in a patient with Cowden syndrome (CS). In addition, we summarize previously reported cases of ocular findings in CS in the literature.
    Methods: Observational case report and literature review.
    Results: A 45-year-old white female with Cowden syndrome presented for routine ocular examination. She had a history of thyroid carcinoma, fallopian para-tubal cyst, chromophobe type renal cell carcinoma, multiple benign skin lesions, and macrocephaly. At presentation, she was asymptomatic with good vision. On dilated fundus examination, the right eye revealed a congenital retinal macrovessel and retinal cavernous hemangioma. Previously performed genetic testing revealed a pathogenic c.46dupT mutation in the PTEN gene which was consistent with CS.
    Conclusion: Our patient had a history of multiple malignancies and hamartomas consistent with her genetic diagnosis of CS. We incidentally discovered a congenital retinal macrovessel with a retinal cavernous hemangioma. Patients with CS should be referred for interdisciplinary evaluation including routine ocular examinations.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1937-1578
    ISSN (online) 1937-1578
    DOI 10.1097/ICB.0000000000001477
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  3. Article ; Online: Stress, intertemporal choice, and mitigation behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic.

    Agrawal, Mayank / Peterson, Joshua C / Cohen, Jonathan D / Griffiths, Thomas L

    Journal of experimental psychology. General

    2023  Volume 152, Issue 9, Page(s) 2695–2702

    Abstract: Delayed gratification is an important focus of research, given its potential relationship to forms of behavior, such as savings, susceptibility to addiction, and pro-social behaviors. The COVID-19 pandemic may be one of the most consequential recent ... ...

    Abstract Delayed gratification is an important focus of research, given its potential relationship to forms of behavior, such as savings, susceptibility to addiction, and pro-social behaviors. The COVID-19 pandemic may be one of the most consequential recent examples of this phenomenon, with people's willingness to delay gratification affecting their willingness to socially distance themselves. COVID-19 also provides a naturalistic context by which to evaluate the ecological validity of delayed gratification. This article outlines four large-scale online experiments (total
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19 ; Pandemics ; Impulsive Behavior ; Social Behavior ; Forecasting ; Choice Behavior/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 189732-9
    ISSN 1939-2222 ; 0096-3445
    ISSN (online) 1939-2222
    ISSN 0096-3445
    DOI 10.1037/xge0001417
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    Zs.A 2255: Show issues Location:
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  4. Article: Fast estimation of adult cerebral blood content and oxygenation with hyperspectral time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy.

    Cohen, David Jonathan Fulop / Li, Natalie C / Ioussoufovitch, Seva / Diop, Mamadou

    Frontiers in neuroscience

    2023  Volume 17, Page(s) 1020151

    Abstract: Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can measure tissue blood content and oxygenation; however, its use for adult neuromonitoring is challenging due to significant contamination from their thick extracerebral layers (ECL; primarily scalp and skull). This ... ...

    Abstract Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can measure tissue blood content and oxygenation; however, its use for adult neuromonitoring is challenging due to significant contamination from their thick extracerebral layers (ECL; primarily scalp and skull). This report presents a fast method for accurate estimation of adult cerebral blood content and oxygenation from hyperspectral time resolved NIRS (trNIRS) data. A two-phase fitting method, based on a two-layer head model (ECL and brain), was developed. Phase 1 uses spectral constraints to accurately estimate the baseline blood content and oxygenation in both layers, which are then used by Phase 2 to correct for the ECL contamination of the late-arriving photons. The method was validated with
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-16
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2411902-7
    ISSN 1662-453X ; 1662-4548
    ISSN (online) 1662-453X
    ISSN 1662-4548
    DOI 10.3389/fnins.2023.1020151
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  5. Article ; Online: The ubiquitin E3 ligase BFAR promotes degradation of PNPLA3.

    Das, Avash / Cheng, Haili / Wang, Yang / Kinch, Lisa N / Liang, Guosheng / Hong, Sen / Hobbs, Helen H / Cohen, Jonathan C

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2024  Volume 121, Issue 6, Page(s) e2312291121

    Abstract: A missense variant in patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 [PNPLA3(I148M)] is the most impactful genetic risk factor for fatty liver disease (FLD). We previously showed that PNPLA3 is ubiquitylated and subsequently degraded by ... ...

    Abstract A missense variant in patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 [PNPLA3(I148M)] is the most impactful genetic risk factor for fatty liver disease (FLD). We previously showed that PNPLA3 is ubiquitylated and subsequently degraded by proteasomes and autophagosomes and that the PNPLA3(148M) variant interferes with this process. To define the machinery responsible for PNPLA3 turnover, we used small interfering (si)RNAs to inactivate components of the ubiquitin proteasome system. Inactivation of bifunctional apoptosis regulator (BFAR), a membrane-bound E3 ubiquitin ligase, reproducibly increased PNPLA3 levels in two lines of cultured hepatocytes. Conversely, overexpression of BFAR decreased levels of endogenous PNPLA3 in HuH7 cells. BFAR and PNPLA3 co-immunoprecipitated when co-expressed in cells. BFAR promoted ubiquitylation of PNPLA3 in vitro in a reconstitution assay using purified, epitope-tagged recombinant proteins. To confirm that BFAR targets PNPLA3, we inactivated
    MeSH term(s) Mice ; Animals ; Ubiquitin ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/metabolism ; Hepatocytes/metabolism ; Acyltransferases ; Phospholipases A2, Calcium-Independent/genetics
    Chemical Substances Ubiquitin ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases (EC 2.3.2.27) ; PNPLA3 protein, mouse (EC 3.1.1.3) ; Acyltransferases (EC 2.3.-) ; Phospholipases A2, Calcium-Independent (EC 3.1.1.4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.2312291121
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    Zs.A 1148: Show issues Location:
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  6. Article ; Online: Multidisciplinary Approach for the Management of Metastatic Poorly Differentiated Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Pancreas: A Case Report of an Exceptional Responder.

    Nakasone, Elizabeth S / Bustillos, Hannah C / Gui, Xianyong / Konnick, Eric Q / Sham, Jonathan G / Cohen, Stacey A

    Pancreas

    2024  

    Abstract: Abstract: Poorly differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (pNECs) are rare, highly aggressive neoplasms. Frequently metastatic at diagnosis, prognosis is poor with median overall survival estimated to be less than 1 year. Although ... ...

    Abstract Abstract: Poorly differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (pNECs) are rare, highly aggressive neoplasms. Frequently metastatic at diagnosis, prognosis is poor with median overall survival estimated to be less than 1 year. Although multidisciplinary management, including systemic medications and locoregional therapies aimed at reducing and preventing symptoms caused by mass effect, is the mainstay of treatment for patients with metastatic well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, rapid progression, organ dysfunction, and poor performance status often preclude initiation of even single-modality palliative chemotherapy for patients with metastatic pNEC, limiting the use of and recommendation for multidisciplinary management.We describe the case of a 51-year-old male patient diagnosed with pNEC metastatic to liver and lymph nodes presenting with impending cholestatic liver failure for whom we were able to successfully initiate and dose-escalate cytotoxic chemotherapy with excellent radiographic response. After multidisciplinary review of his case, the patient underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy and hepatic wedge biopsies, with pathology demonstrating a pathologic complete response to chemotherapy in both the pancreas and liver. Surveillance scans at 2 years from initial diagnosis and 1 year from surgery remain without evidence of locoregional or distant recurrence, highlighting the importance and utility of multidisciplinary management in select cases.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632831-3
    ISSN 1536-4828 ; 0885-3177
    ISSN (online) 1536-4828
    ISSN 0885-3177
    DOI 10.1097/MPA.0000000000002322
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  7. Article ; Online: Lower Risk of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children With the Delta and Omicron Variants of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.

    Cohen, Jonathan M / Carter, Michael J / Cheung, C Ronny / Ladhani, Shamez

    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

    2022  Volume 76, Issue 3, Page(s) e518–e521

    Abstract: Little is known about the risk of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C ... with different severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants. In southeast England, MIS-C ...

    Abstract Little is known about the risk of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) with different severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants. In southeast England, MIS-C rates per confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections in children aged 0-16 years were 56% lower (rate ratio [RR], 0.34 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .23-.50]) during prevaccine Delta, 66% lower (RR, 0.44 [95% CI, .28-.69]) during postvaccine Delta, and 95% lower (RR, 0.05 [95% CI, .02-.10]) during the Omicron period.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections ; Pneumonia, Viral ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/epidemiology ; Connective Tissue Diseases
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1099781-7
    ISSN 1537-6591 ; 1058-4838
    ISSN (online) 1537-6591
    ISSN 1058-4838
    DOI 10.1093/cid/ciac553
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    Zs.MO 480: Show issues

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  8. Article ; Online: The use of AI in legal systems: determining independent contractor vs. employee status.

    Cohen, Maxime C / Dahan, Samuel / Khern-Am-Nuai, Warut / Shimao, Hajime / Touboul, Jonathan

    Artificial intelligence and law

    2023  , Page(s) 1–30

    Abstract: The use of artificial intelligence (AI) to aid legal decision making has become prominent. This paper investigates the use of AI in a critical issue in employment law, the determination of a worker's status-employee vs. independent contractor-in two ... ...

    Abstract The use of artificial intelligence (AI) to aid legal decision making has become prominent. This paper investigates the use of AI in a critical issue in employment law, the determination of a worker's status-employee vs. independent contractor-in two common law countries (the U.S. and Canada). This legal question has been a contentious labor issue insofar as independent contractors are not eligible for the same benefits as employees. It has become an important societal issue due to the ubiquity of the gig economy and the recent disruptions in employment arrangements. To address this problem, we collected, annotated, and structured the data for all Canadian and Californian court cases related to this legal question between 2002 and 2021, resulting in 538 Canadian cases and 217 U.S. cases. In contrast to legal literature focusing on complex and correlated characteristics of the employment relationship, our statistical analyses of the data show very strong correlations between the worker's status and a small subset of quantifiable characteristics of the employment relationship. In fact, despite the variety of situations in the case law, we show that simple, off-the-shelf AI models classify the cases with an out-of-sample accuracy of more than 90%. Interestingly, the analysis of misclassified cases reveals consistent misclassification patterns by most algorithms. Legal analyses of these cases led us to identify how equity is ensured by judges in ambiguous situations. Finally, our findings have practical implications for access to legal advice and justice. We deployed our AI model via the open-access platform, https://MyOpenCourt.org/, to help users answer employment legal questions. This platform has already assisted many Canadian users, and we hope it will help democratize access to legal advice to large crowds.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-30
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1477410-0
    ISSN 1572-8382 ; 0924-8463
    ISSN (online) 1572-8382
    ISSN 0924-8463
    DOI 10.1007/s10506-023-09353-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents and the Risk of Vision-Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy.

    Tsui, Jonathan C / Willett, Keirnan / Cohen, Jordana B / Yu, Yinxi / VanderBeek, Brian L

    Ophthalmic epidemiology

    2023  , Page(s) 1–9

    Abstract: Purpose: Animal studies have suggested that Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents (ESAs) may increase vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-related retinopathies, but this effect is unclear in humans. This study evaluates the risk of vision-threatening ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Animal studies have suggested that Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents (ESAs) may increase vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-related retinopathies, but this effect is unclear in humans. This study evaluates the risk of vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR), defined as either diabetic macular edema (DME) or proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), in patients exposed to an ESA.
    Methods: Two analyses were performed. First, a retrospective matched-cohort study was designed using a de-identified commercial and Medicare Advantage medical claims database. The ESA cohort of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients who were new users of an ESA from 2000 to 2022 was matched to controls up to a 3:1 ratio. Exclusion criteria included less than 2 years in the plan, history of VTDR or history of other retinopathy. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression with inverse proportional treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to assess the hazard of developing VTDR, DME, and PDR. The second analysis was a self-controlled case series (SCCS) evaluating the incidence rate ratios (IRR) of VTDR during 30-day periods before and after initiating an ESA.
    Results: After inclusion of 1502 ESA-exposed patients compared with 2656 controls, IPTW-adjusted hazard ratios found the ESA cohort had an increased hazard of progressing to VTDR (HR = 3.0 95%CI:2.3-3.8;
    Conclusion: ESAs are associated with higher risks for VTDR and DME, but not PDR. Those studying ESAs as adjunctive therapy for DR should be cautious of possible unintended effects.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1213070-9
    ISSN 1744-5086 ; 0928-6586
    ISSN (online) 1744-5086
    ISSN 0928-6586
    DOI 10.1080/09286586.2023.2235001
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    Zs.A 4138: Show issues Location:
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  10. Article ; Online: Pacific Spiny Lumpsucker armor-Development, damage, and defense in the intertidal.

    Woodruff, Eleanor C / Huie, Jonathan M / Summers, Adam P / Cohen, Karly E

    Journal of morphology

    2022  Volume 283, Issue 2, Page(s) 164–173

    Abstract: Predation, combat, and the slings and arrows of an abrasive and high impact environment, represent just some of the biotic and abiotic stressors that fishes are armored against. The Pacific Spiny Lumpsucker (Eumicrotremus orbis) found in the subtidal of ... ...

    Abstract Predation, combat, and the slings and arrows of an abrasive and high impact environment, represent just some of the biotic and abiotic stressors that fishes are armored against. The Pacific Spiny Lumpsucker (Eumicrotremus orbis) found in the subtidal of the Northern Pacific Ocean is a rotund fish covered with epidermal, cone-shaped, enamel odontodes. The Lumpsucker is a poor swimmer in the wave swept rocky intertidal, and this armor may be a lightweight solution to the problem of collisions with abiotic obstacles. We use micro-CT and scanning electron microscopy to reveal the morphology and ontogeny of the armor, and to quantify the amount of mineralization relative to the endoskeleton. The non-overlapping odontodes are organized into eight rows-six rows on the body, one row surrounding the eye, and one row underneath the chin. Odontodes start as a single, hooked cone; and they grow by the addition of cusps that accrete into a spiral. The mineral investment in armor compared to skeleton increases over ontogeny. Damage to the armor occurs both through passive abrasion and breakage from impact; and there is no evidence of replacement, or repair of damaged odontodes.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Fishes ; Perciformes ; Predatory Behavior ; X-Ray Microtomography
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 3084-3
    ISSN 1097-4687 ; 0022-2887 ; 0362-2525
    ISSN (online) 1097-4687
    ISSN 0022-2887 ; 0362-2525
    DOI 10.1002/jmor.21435
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