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Artikel: Binding of cortical functional modules by synchronous high frequency oscillations.

Garrett, Jacob C / Verzhbinsky, Ilya A / Kaestner, Erik / Carlson, Chad / Doyle, Werner K / Devinsky, Orrin / Thesen, Thomas / Halgren, Eric

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2023

Abstract: High-frequency phase-locked oscillations have been hypothesized to facilitate integration ('binding') of information encoded across widespread cortical areas. Ripples (~100ms long ~90Hz oscillations) co-occur ('co-ripple') broadly in multiple states and ... ...

Abstract	High-frequency phase-locked oscillations have been hypothesized to facilitate integration ('binding') of information encoded across widespread cortical areas. Ripples (~100ms long ~90Hz oscillations) co-occur ('co-ripple') broadly in multiple states and locations, but have only been associated with memory replay. We tested whether cortico-cortical co-ripples subserve a general role in binding by recording intracranial EEG during reading. Co-rippling increased to words versus consonant-strings between visual, wordform and semantic cortical areas when letters are binding into words, and words to meaning. Similarly, co-ripples strongly increased before correct responses between executive, response, wordform and semantic areas when word meanings bind instructions and response. Task-selective co-rippling dissociated from non-oscillatory activation and memory reinstatement. Co-ripples were phase-locked at zero-lag, even at long distances (>12cm), supporting a general role in cognitive binding.
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-08-04
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.05.20.541597
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Preparing healthcare leaders of the digital age with an integrative artificial intelligence curriculum: a pilot study.

Park, Soo Hwan / Pinto-Powell, Roshini / Thesen, Thomas / Lindqwister, Alexander / Levy, Joshua / Chacko, Rachael / Gonzalez, Devina / Bridges, Connor / Schwendt, Adam / Byrum, Travis / Fong, Justin / Shasavari, Shahin / Hassanpour, Saeed

Medical education online

2024 Band 29, Heft 1, Seite(n) 2315684

Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly being introduced into the clinical workflow of many specialties. Despite the need to train physicians who understand the utility and implications of AI and mitigate a growing skills gap, no established consensus ... ...

Abstract	Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly being introduced into the clinical workflow of many specialties. Despite the need to train physicians who understand the utility and implications of AI and mitigate a growing skills gap, no established consensus exists on how to best introduce AI concepts to medical students during preclinical training. This study examined the effectiveness of a pilot Digital Health Scholars (DHS) non-credit enrichment elective that paralleled the Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine's first-year preclinical curriculum with a focus on introducing AI algorithms and their applications in the concurrently occurring systems-blocks. From September 2022 to March 2023, ten self-selected first-year students enrolled in the elective curriculum run in parallel with four existing curricular blocks (Immunology, Hematology, Cardiology, and Pulmonology). Each DHS block consisted of a journal club, a live-coding demonstration, and an integration session led by a researcher in that field. Students' confidence in explaining the content objectives (high-level knowledge, implications, and limitations of AI) was measured before and after each block and compared using Mann-Whitney
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Humans ; Pilot Projects ; Artificial Intelligence ; Curriculum ; Delivery of Health Care ; Students, Medical
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2024-02-13
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052877-2
ISSN	1087-2981 ; 1087-2981
ISSN (online)	1087-2981
ISSN	1087-2981
DOI	10.1080/10872981.2024.2315684
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Review of epilepsy care in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Tshimbombu, Tshibambe N / Shin, Minkyung / Thesen, Thomas / Mesu'a Kabwa, Luabeya / Blackmon, Karen / Kashama, Jean Marie Kashama Wa / Jobst, Barbara C / Fontaine, Dominique / Olarinde, Immanuel / Okitundu-Luwa E-Andjafono, Daniel

Epilepsia open

2024 Band 9, Heft 2, Seite(n) 467–474

Abstract: Epilepsy imposes a substantial burden on the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). These challenges encompass the lack of comprehensive disease surveillance, an unresolved understanding of its pathophysiology, economic barriers limiting access to essential ...

Abstract	Epilepsy imposes a substantial burden on the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). These challenges encompass the lack of comprehensive disease surveillance, an unresolved understanding of its pathophysiology, economic barriers limiting access to essential care, the absence of epilepsy surgical capabilities, and deeply ingrained societal stigmas. Notably, the national prevalence of epilepsy remains undetermined, with research primarily concentrating on infectious factors like Onchocerca volvulus, leaving other potential causes underexplored. Most patients lack insurance, incurring out-of-pocket expenses that often lead them to opt for traditional medicine rather than clinical care. Social stigma, perpetuated by common misconceptions, intensifies the social isolation experienced by individuals living with epilepsy. Additionally, surgical interventions are unavailable, and the accessibility of anti-seizure medications and healthcare infrastructure remains inadequate. Effectively tackling these interrelated challenges requires a multifaceted approach, including conducting research into region-specific factors contributing to epilepsy, increasing healthcare funding, subsidizing the costs of treatment, deploying mobile tools for extensive screening, launching awareness campaigns to dispel myths and reduce stigma, and promoting collaborations between traditional healers and medical practitioners to enhance local understanding and epilepsy management. Despite the difficulties, significant progress can be achieved through sustained and compassionate efforts to understand and eliminate the barriers faced by epilepsy patients in the region. This review outlines essential steps for alleviating the epilepsy burden in the DRC. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: There are not enough resources to treat epilepsy in the DRC. PWEs struggle with stigma and the lack of money. Many of them still use traditional medicine for treatment and hold wrong beliefs about epilepsy. That is why there is a need for more resources to make the lives of PWEs better in the DRC.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Animals ; Humans ; Democratic Republic of the Congo/epidemiology ; Onchocerciasis/complications ; Onchocerciasis/epidemiology ; Onchocerca volvulus/physiology ; Epilepsy/drug therapy ; Risk Factors
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2024-01-20
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2470-9239
ISSN (online)	2470-9239
DOI	10.1002/epi4.12904
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Brains, Bots, and Beyond: Exploring AI's Impact on Medical Education.

McKell, Douglas / Rowe, Rebecca / Bahner, Ingrid / Belovich, Andrea N / Bonaminio, Giulia / Brenneman, Anthony / S Brooks, William / Chinn, Cassie / El-Sawi, Nehad / Habal, Shafik / Haight, Michele / Haudek, Sandra B / Hernandez, Mark / Ikonne, Uzoma / Porter, Rachel / Taylor, Tracey A H / Thesen, Thomas

Medical science educator

2024 Band 34, Heft 2, Seite(n) 505–509

Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2024-02-13
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ISSN	2156-8650
ISSN (online)	2156-8650
DOI	10.1007/s40670-024-01997-y
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Algebraic relationship between the structural network's Laplacian and functional network's adjacency matrix is preserved in temporal lobe epilepsy subjects.

Abdelnour, Farras / Dayan, Michael / Devinsky, Orrin / Thesen, Thomas / Raj, Ashish

NeuroImage

2020 Band 228, Seite(n) 117705

Abstract: The relationship between anatomic and resting state functional connectivity of large-scale brain networks is a major focus of current research. In previous work, we introduced a model based on eigen decomposition of the Laplacian which predicts the ... ...

Abstract	The relationship between anatomic and resting state functional connectivity of large-scale brain networks is a major focus of current research. In previous work, we introduced a model based on eigen decomposition of the Laplacian which predicts the functional network from the structural network in healthy brains. In this work, we apply the eigen decomposition model to two types of epilepsy; temporal lobe epilepsy associated with mesial temporal sclerosis, and MRI-normal temporal lobe epilepsy. Our findings show that the eigen relationship between function and structure holds for patients with temporal lobe epilepsy as well as normal individuals. These results suggest that the brain under TLE conditions reconfigures and rewires the fine-scale connectivity (a process which the model parameters are putatively sensitive to), in order to achieve the necessary structure-function relationship.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Adult ; Brain/physiopathology ; Brain Mapping/methods ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Male ; Nerve Net/physiopathology
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2020-12-30
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1147767-2
ISSN	1095-9572 ; 1053-8119
ISSN (online)	1095-9572
ISSN	1053-8119
DOI	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117705
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Who should pay the bill for the mental health crisis in Africa?

Cyprian M. Mostert / Olivera Nesic / Chi Udeh-Momoh / Murad Khan / Thomas Thesen / Edna Bosire / Dominic Trepel / Karen Blackmon / Manasi Kumar / Zul Merali

Public Health in Practice, Vol 7, Iss , Pp 100458- (2024)

1481

Schlagwörter	Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2024-06-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	Elsevier
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel ; Online: Who should pay the bill for the mental health crisis in Africa?

Mostert, Cyprian M / Nesic, Olivera / Udeh-Momoh, Chi / Khan, Murad / Thesen, Thomas / Bosire, Edna / Trepel, Dominic / Blackmon, Karen / Kumar, Manasi / Merali, Zul

Public health in practice (Oxford, England)

2023 Band 7, Seite(n) 100458

Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-12-15
Erscheinungsland	England
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ISSN	2666-5352
ISSN (online)	2666-5352
DOI	10.1016/j.puhip.2023.100458
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: An Intracranial Electrophysiology Study of Visual Language Encoding: The Contribution of the Precentral Gyrus to Silent Reading.

Kaestner, Erik / Thesen, Thomas / Devinsky, Orrin / Doyle, Werner / Carlson, Chad / Halgren, Eric

Journal of cognitive neuroscience

2021 Band 33, Heft 11, Seite(n) 2197–2214

Abstract: Models of reading emphasize that visual (orthographic) processing provides input to phonological as well as lexical-semantic processing. Neurobiological models of reading have mapped these processes to distributed regions across occipital-temporal, ... ...

Abstract	Models of reading emphasize that visual (orthographic) processing provides input to phonological as well as lexical-semantic processing. Neurobiological models of reading have mapped these processes to distributed regions across occipital-temporal, temporal-parietal, and frontal cortices. However, the role of the precentral gyrus in these models is ambiguous. Articulatory phonemic representations in the precentral gyrus are obviously involved in reading aloud, but it is unclear if the precentral gyrus is recruited during reading silently in a time window consistent with participation in phonological processing contributions. Here, we recorded intracranial electrophysiology during a speeded semantic decision task from 24 patients to map the spatio-temporal flow of information across the cortex during silent reading. Patients selected animate nouns from a stream of nonanimate words, letter strings, and false-font stimuli. We characterized the distribution and timing of evoked high-gamma power (70-170 Hz) as well as phase-locking between electrodes. The precentral gyrus showed a proportion of electrodes responsive to linguistic stimuli (27%) that was at least as high as those of surrounding peri-sylvian regions. These precentral gyrus electrodes had significantly greater high-gamma power for words compared to both false-font and letter-string stimuli. In a patient with word-selective effects in the fusiform, superior temporal, and precentral gyri, there was significant phase-locking between the fusiform and precentral gyri starting at ∼180 msec and between the precentral and superior temporal gyri starting at ∼220 msec. Finally, our large patient cohort allowed exploratory analyses of the spatio-temporal reading network underlying silent reading. The distribution, timing, and connectivity results place the precentral gyrus as an important hub in the silent reading network.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Brain Mapping ; Electrophysiology ; Humans ; Language ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Motor Cortex ; Reading
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-07-25
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1007410-7
ISSN	1530-8898 ; 0898-929X ; 1096-8857
ISSN (online)	1530-8898
ISSN	0898-929X ; 1096-8857
DOI	10.1162/jocn_a_01764
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: The Precentral Gyrus Contributions to the Early Time-Course of Grapheme-to-Phoneme Conversion.

Kaestner, Erik / Wu, Xiaojing / Friedman, Daniel / Dugan, Patricia / Devinsky, Orrin / Carlson, Chad / Doyle, Werner / Thesen, Thomas / Halgren, Eric

Neurobiology of language (Cambridge, Mass.)

2022 Band 3, Heft 1, Seite(n) 18–45

Abstract: As part of silent reading models, visual orthographic information is transduced into an auditory phonological code in a process of grapheme-to-phoneme conversion (GPC). This process is often identified with lateral temporal-parietal regions associated ... ...

Abstract	As part of silent reading models, visual orthographic information is transduced into an auditory phonological code in a process of grapheme-to-phoneme conversion (GPC). This process is often identified with lateral temporal-parietal regions associated with auditory phoneme encoding. However, the role of articulatory phonemic representations and the precentral gyrus in GPC is ambiguous. Though the precentral gyrus is implicated in many functional MRI studies of reading, it is not clear if the time course of activity in this region is consistent with the precentral gyrus being involved in GPC. We recorded cortical electrophysiology during a bimodal match/mismatch task from eight patients with perisylvian subdural electrodes to examine the time course of neural activity during a task that necessitated GPC. Patients made a match/mismatch decision between a 3-letter string and the following auditory bi-phoneme. We characterized the distribution and timing of evoked broadband high gamma (70-170 Hz) as well as phase-locking between electrodes. The precentral gyrus emerged with a high concentration of broadband high gamma responses to visual and auditory language as well as mismatch effects. The pars opercularis, supramarginal gyrus, and superior temporal gyrus were also involved. The precentral gyrus showed strong phase-locking with the caudal fusiform gyrus during letter-string presentation and with surrounding perisylvian cortex during the bimodal visual-auditory comparison period. These findings hint at a role for precentral cortex in transducing visual into auditory codes during silent reading.
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2022-02-10
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ISSN	2641-4368
ISSN (online)	2641-4368
DOI	10.1162/nol_a_00047
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Forced conceptual thought induced by electrical stimulation of the left prefrontal gyrus involves widespread neural networks.

Liu, Anli / Friedman, Daniel / Barron, Daniel S / Wang, Xiuyuan / Thesen, Thomas / Dugan, Patricia

Epilepsy & behavior : E&B

2020 Band 104, Heft Pt A, Seite(n) 106644

Abstract: Background: Early accounts of forced thought were reported at the onset of a focal seizure, and characterized as vague, repetitive, and involuntary intellectual auras distinct from perceptual or psychic hallucinations or illusions. Here, we examine the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Early accounts of forced thought were reported at the onset of a focal seizure, and characterized as vague, repetitive, and involuntary intellectual auras distinct from perceptual or psychic hallucinations or illusions. Here, we examine the neural underpinnings involved in conceptual thought by presenting a series of 3 patients with epilepsy reporting intrusive thoughts during electrical stimulation of the left lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) during invasive surgical evaluation. We illustrate the widespread networks involved through two independent brain imaging modalities: resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (rs-fMRI) and task-based meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM). Methods: We report the clinical and stimulation characteristics of three patients with left hemispheric language dominance who demonstrate forced thought with functional mapping. To examine the brain networks underlying this phenomenon, we used the regions of interest (ROI) centered at the active electrode pairs. We modeled functional networks using two approaches: (1) rs-fMRI functional connectivity analysis, representing 81 healthy controls and (2) meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM), representing 8260 healthy subjects. We also determined the overlapping regions between these three subjects' rs-fMRI and MACM networks through a conjunction analysis. Results: We identified that left PFC was associated with a large-scale functional network including frontal, temporal, and parietal regions, a network that has been associated with multiple cognitive functions including semantics, speech, attention, working memory, and explicit memory. Conclusions: We illustrate the neural networks involved in conceptual thought through a unique patient population and argue that PFC supports this function through activation of a widespread network.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Adult ; Brain Mapping/methods ; Electric Stimulation/methods ; Epilepsy/diagnostic imaging ; Epilepsy/physiopathology ; Epilepsy/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Male ; Memory, Short-Term/physiology ; Nerve Net/diagnostic imaging ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/diagnostic imaging ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Thinking/physiology
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2020-01-14
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Observational Study ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2010587-3
ISSN	1525-5069 ; 1525-5050
ISSN (online)	1525-5069
ISSN	1525-5050
DOI	10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106644
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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