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Article ; Online: Unravelling the maternal evolutionary history of the African leopard (

Morris, Declan R / McWhorter, Todd J / Boardman, Wayne S J / Simpson, Gregory / Wentzel, Jeanette / Coetzee, Jannie / Moodley, Yoshan

PeerJ

2024 Volume 12, Page(s) e17018

Abstract: The African leopard ( ...

Abstract	The African leopard (
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Panthera/genetics ; South Africa ; Biological Evolution ; Genetic Drift ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics
Chemical Substances	DNA, Mitochondrial
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703241-3
ISSN	2167-8359 ; 2167-8359
ISSN (online)	2167-8359
ISSN	2167-8359
DOI	10.7717/peerj.17018
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Dynamics of Antimicrobial Resistance Carriage in Koalas (Phascolarctos Cinereus) and Pteropid Bats (Pteropus Poliocephalus) Before, During and After Wildfires.

McDougall, Fiona K / Speight, Natasha / Funnell, Oliver / Boardman, Wayne S J / Power, Michelle L

Microbial ecology

2024 Volume 87, Issue 1, Page(s) 39

Abstract: In the 2019-2020 summer, wildfires decimated the Australian bush environment and impacted wildlife species, including koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) and grey headed flying fox pups (Pteropid bats, Pteropus poliocephalus). Consequently, hundreds of ... ...

Abstract	In the 2019-2020 summer, wildfires decimated the Australian bush environment and impacted wildlife species, including koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) and grey headed flying fox pups (Pteropid bats, Pteropus poliocephalus). Consequently, hundreds of koalas and thousands of bat pups entered wildlife hospitals with fire-related injuries/illness, where some individuals received antimicrobial therapy. This study investigated the dynamics of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in pre-fire, fire-affected and post-fire koalas and Pteropid bat pups. PCR and DNA sequencing were used to screen DNA samples extracted from faeces (koalas and bats) and cloacal swabs (koalas) for class 1 integrons, a genetic determinant of AMR, and to identify integron-associated antibiotic resistance genes. Class 1 integrons were detected in 25.5% of koalas (68 of 267) and 59.4% of bats (92 of 155). Integrons contained genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, trimethoprim and beta-lactams. Samples were also screened for blaTEM (beta-lactam) resistance genes, which were detected in 2.6% of koalas (7 of 267) and 25.2% of bats (39 of 155). Integron occurrence was significantly higher in fire-affected koalas in-care compared to wild pre-fire koalas (P < 0.0001). Integron and blaTEM occurrence were not significantly different in fire-affected bats compared to pre-fire bats (P > 0.05), however, their occurrence was significantly higher in fire-affected bats in-care compared to wild fire-affected bats (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0488 respectively). The observed shifts of AMR dynamics in wildfire-impacted species flags the need for judicious antibiotic use when treating fire-affected wildlife to minimise unwanted selective pressure and negative treatment outcomes associated with carriage of resistance genes and antibiotic resistant bacteria.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Chiroptera ; Wildfires ; Phascolarctidae ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Australia ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics ; Animals, Wild
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1462065-0
ISSN	1432-184X ; 0095-3628
ISSN (online)	1432-184X
ISSN	0095-3628
DOI	10.1007/s00248-024-02351-w
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Article ; Online: Characterization of beta-lactam-resistant

McDougall, Fiona K / Boardman, Wayne S J / Power, Michelle L

Microbial genomics

2021 Volume 7, Issue 5

Abstract: Antimicrobial- ... ...

Abstract	Antimicrobial-resistant
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Australia ; Chiroptera/microbiology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics ; Escherichia coli/drug effects ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology ; Escherichia coli Infections/veterinary ; Feces/microbiology ; Fluoroquinolones ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Phylogeny ; Virulence/genetics ; Virulence Factors/genetics ; Zoonoses ; beta-Lactamases/genetics ; beta-Lactams/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Fluoroquinolones ; Virulence Factors ; beta-Lactams ; beta-Lactamases (EC 3.5.2.6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2835258-0
ISSN	2057-5858 ; 2057-5858
ISSN (online)	2057-5858
ISSN	2057-5858
DOI	10.1099/mgen.0.000571
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Article: Carriage of antibiotic resistance genes to treatments for chlamydial disease in koalas (

McDougall, Fiona K / Boardman, Wayne S J / Speight, Natasha / Stephenson, Tamsyn / Funnell, Oliver / Smith, Ian / Graham, Petra L / Power, Michelle L

One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands)

2023 Volume 17, Page(s) 100652

Abstract: Growing reports of diverse antibiotic resistance genes in wildlife species around the world symbolises the extent of this global One Health issue. The health of wildlife is threatened by antimicrobial resistance in situations where wildlife species ... ...

Abstract	Growing reports of diverse antibiotic resistance genes in wildlife species around the world symbolises the extent of this global One Health issue. The health of wildlife is threatened by antimicrobial resistance in situations where wildlife species develop disease and require antibiotics. Chlamydial disease is a key threat for koalas in Australia, with infected koalas frequently entering wildlife hospitals and requiring antibiotic therapy, typically with chloramphenicol or doxycycline. This study investigated the occurrence and diversity of target chloramphenicol and doxycycline resistance genes (
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-10
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2834831-X
ISSN	2352-7714
ISSN	2352-7714
DOI	10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100652
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Article ; Online: Characterisation of typical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (tEPEC) lineages and novel bfpA variants detected in Australian fruit bats (Pteropus poliocephalus).

McDougall, Fiona / Gordon, David / Robins-Browne, Roy / Bennett-Wood, Vicki / Boardman, Wayne S J / Graham, Petra L / Power, Michelle

The Science of the total environment

2023 Volume 902, Page(s) 166336

Abstract: Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is an important cause of diarrhoeal disease in human infants. EPEC strains are defined by the presence of specific virulence factors including intimin (encoded by the eae gene) and bundle forming pili (Bfp). Bfp ... ...

Abstract	Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is an important cause of diarrhoeal disease in human infants. EPEC strains are defined by the presence of specific virulence factors including intimin (encoded by the eae gene) and bundle forming pili (Bfp). Bfp is encoded by the bfp operon and includes the bfpA gene for the major pilus subunit. By definition, Bfp are only present in typical EPEC (tEPEC), for which, humans are considered to be the only known natural host. This study detected tEPEC in faecal samples from a wild Australian fruit bat species, the grey-headed flying-fox (Pteropus poliocephalus). Whole genome sequencing of 61 E. coli isolates from flying-foxes revealed that 21.3 % (95%CI: 13 %-33 %) were tEPEC. Phylogenetic analyses showed flying-fox tEPEC shared evolutionary lineages with human EPEC, but were predominantly novel sequence types (9 of 13) and typically harboured novel bfpA variants (11 of 13). HEp-2 cell adhesion assays showed adherence to human-derived epithelial cells by all 13 flying-fox tEPEC, indicating that they all carried functional Bfp. Using an EPEC-specific duplex PCR, it was determined that tEPEC comprised 17.4 % (95%CI: 13 %-22 %) of 270 flying-fox E. coli isolates. Furthermore, a tEPEC-specific multiplex PCR detected the eae and bfpA virulence genes in 18.0 % (95%CI: 8.0 %-33.7 %) of 506 flying-fox faecal DNA samples, with occurrences ranging from 1.3 % to 87.0 % across five geographic areas sampled over a four-year period. The identification of six novel tEPEC sequence types and five novel bfpA variants suggests flying-foxes carry bat-specific tEPEC lineages. However, their close relationship with human EPEC and functional Bfp, indicates that flying-fox tEPEC have zoonotic potential and that dissemination of flying-fox tEPEC into urban environments may pose a public health risk. The consistent detection of tEPEC in flying-foxes over extensive geographical and temporal scales indicates that both wild grey-headed flying-foxes and humans should be regarded as natural tEPEC hosts.
MeSH term(s)	Infant ; Animals ; Humans ; Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli/genetics ; Chiroptera ; Adhesins, Bacterial/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics ; Australia
Chemical Substances	Adhesins, Bacterial ; Escherichia coli Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-15
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166336
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: INFECTION PRESSURE IS NECESSARY, BUT NOT SUFFICIENT BY ITSELF, TO EXPLAIN TOXOPLASMA GONDII SEROPREVALENCE IN INTERMEDIATE HOST SPECIES.

Taggart, Patrick L / Fancourt, Bronwyn A / Boardman, Wayne S J / Peacock, David E / Caraguel, Charles G B

The Journal of parasitology

2021 Volume 107, Issue 4, Page(s) 554–561

Abstract: Parasite infection pressure is suggested to be a strong driver of transmission within ecosystems. We tested if infection pressure drives seroprevalence in intermediate host species for Toxoplasma gondii. We defined Toxoplasma infection pressure to ... ...

Abstract	Parasite infection pressure is suggested to be a strong driver of transmission within ecosystems. We tested if infection pressure drives seroprevalence in intermediate host species for Toxoplasma gondii. We defined Toxoplasma infection pressure to intermediate host species as the combined influence of cat abundance, environmental conditions, and its prevalence in the cat population. We sampled and tested 2 species of rodent and collated information on Toxoplasma seroprevalence in koalas, wallabies, kangaroos, and sheep. All species were sampled using equivalent methods, within a 2-yr period, and from adjacent regions of low and high Toxoplasma infection pressure. The seroprevalence of Toxoplasma in kangaroos scaled with infection pressure, but we observed no statistical difference in seroprevalence for any other species between these 2 regions. Within the region of low infection pressure, Toxoplasma seroprevalence did not differ between species. However, within the region of high Toxoplasma infection pressure, we observed large variation in seroprevalence between species. Our results demonstrate that infection pressure is not sufficient by itself, but merely necessary, to drive Toxoplasma seroprevalence in intermediate host species. Where Toxoplasma seroprevalence in an intermediate host species is already low, further reducing infection pressure will not necessarily further decrease seroprevalence in those species. This has important ramifications for the mitigation of parasite infections and suggests that reductions in Toxoplasma infection pressure, intended to reduce infections, may be most effective and applicable to species that are known to experience high rates of infection.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antibodies, Protozoan/blood ; Cats ; Macropodidae ; Mice ; Phascolarctidae ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Sheep ; South Australia/epidemiology ; Toxoplasma/immunology ; Toxoplasmosis, Animal/epidemiology ; Toxoplasmosis, Animal/transmission
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Protozoan
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	300870-8
ISSN	1937-2345 ; 0022-3395
ISSN (online)	1937-2345
ISSN	0022-3395
DOI	10.1645/21-28
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Uh II Zs.76: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Gene flow connects key leopard (Panthera pardus) populations despite habitat fragmentation and persecution

Morris, Declan R. / McWhorter, Todd J. / Boardman, Wayne S. J. / Simpson, Greg / Wentzel, Jeanette / Coetzee, Jannie / Du Plessis, Ferreira / Moodley, Yoshan

Biodivers Conserv. 2023 Mar., v. 32, no. 3 p.945-963

2023

Abstract: The leopard (Panthera pardus) is facing the threat of continued population decline across its range. In order to inform more effective conservation management programs, genetic information is needed from leopard populations that persist in previously ... ...

Abstract	The leopard (Panthera pardus) is facing the threat of continued population decline across its range. In order to inform more effective conservation management programs, genetic information is needed from leopard populations that persist in previously unstudied, isolated and highly fragmented protected areas. The aim of this study was to explore the population structure and genetic diversity of leopard populations across the Mpumalanga province of South Africa. We collected a total of 33 leopard samples from four major locations along a west to east transect across the province. We analysed 17 polymorphic microsatellites and two regions of the mitochondrial genome (NADH-5 and Cytb) to determine the genetic structure of the leopard population in the province. We also calculated genetic diversity indices and explored gene flow in the region. We found that while there is gene flow occurring across the province, the population was genetically structured. We identified two major population units that we describe as ‘West Mpumalanga’ and ‘East Mpumalanga’. Gene flow was moderate between the two populations and we found very high genetic diversity levels compared to other leopard populations previously studied in South Africa. From a conservation perspective, our results show that gene flow is still occurring across seemingly isolated leopard populations that exist in fragmented landscapes, highlighting the importance of all leopard populations in South Africa. Management authorities need to focus conservation efforts on maintaining corridors between regions that are suitable for leopard occupancy and work closely with human settlements to minimise human-leopard conflicts.
Keywords	Panthera pardus ; gene flow ; genetic variation ; habitat fragmentation ; humans ; microsatellite repeats ; mitochondrial genome ; population dynamics ; population structure ; South Africa
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-03
Size	p. 945-963.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2000787-5
ISSN	1572-9710 ; 0960-3115
ISSN (online)	1572-9710
ISSN	0960-3115
DOI	10.1007/s10531-022-02531-5
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Bat E-Commerce: Insights Into the Extent and Potential Implications of This Dark Trade.

Chaber, Anne-Lise / Amstrong, Kyle N / Wiantoro, Sigit / Xerri, Vanessa / Caraguel, Charles / Boardman, Wayne S J / Nielsen, Torben D

Frontiers in veterinary science

2021 Volume 8, Page(s) 651304

Abstract: Little is known about the global bat souvenir trade despite previous research efforts into bat harvest for bushmeat. We screened eBay listings of bats in Australia, Canada, Italy, Switzerland, United Kingdom and USA to assess the nature and extent of the ...

Abstract	Little is known about the global bat souvenir trade despite previous research efforts into bat harvest for bushmeat. We screened eBay listings of bats in Australia, Canada, Italy, Switzerland, United Kingdom and USA to assess the nature and extent of the online offers. A total of 237 listings were retrieved in between the 11th and 25th of May 2020 with a median price per item of US$38.50 (range: US$8.50-2,500.00). Items on offer were mostly taxidermy (61.2%) or skull (21.1%) specimens. Overall, 32 different species of bat were advertised, most of which (
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2834243-4
ISSN	2297-1769
ISSN	2297-1769
DOI	10.3389/fvets.2021.651304
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Article ; Online: Field immobilization using alfaxalone and alfaxalone-medetomidine in free-ranging koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus): a randomized comparative study.

Downey, Philip M R / Caraguel, Charles G B / Speight, Natasha / Fabijan, Jessica / Boardman, Wayne S J

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

2020 Volume 47, Issue 3, Page(s) 368–376

Abstract: Objective: To characterize and compare two intramuscular drug protocols using alfaxalone and alfaxalone-medetomidine combination for the field immobilization of free-ranging koalas.: Study design: Blinded, randomized, comparative field study.: ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To characterize and compare two intramuscular drug protocols using alfaxalone and alfaxalone-medetomidine combination for the field immobilization of free-ranging koalas. Study design: Blinded, randomized, comparative field study. Animals: A total of 66 free-ranging koalas from the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia. Methods: Koalas were randomly allocated into two groups. Group A animals were given alfaxalone alone at 3.5 mg kg Results: Suitable immobilization for clinical examination and sample collection was achieved in all animals. In groups A and AM, median time to working depth was 6.5 minutes (range: 3.4-15) and 8.1 minutes (range: 4.3-24) and time to complete recovery was 66 minutes (range: 12-138) and 34 minutes (range: 4-84), respectively, following reversal. Time to first effect was significantly shorter in group A (p = 0.013), whereas time to full arousal was significantly shorter in group AM (p = 0.007) probably due to the administration of atipamezole. Maximum HR was 117 ± 28 beats minute Conclusions and clinical relevance: Both the protocols produced immobilization, enabling clinical examination and sample collection; however, protocol AM was more suitable for field work due to shorter recovery times.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Animals, Wild ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Hypnotics and Sedatives/administration & dosage ; Immobilization/veterinary ; Injections, Intramuscular/veterinary ; Male ; Medetomidine/administration & dosage ; Phascolarctidae/physiology ; Pregnanediones/administration & dosage
Chemical Substances	Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Pregnanediones ; alphaxalone (BD07M97B2A) ; Medetomidine (MR15E85MQM)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial, Veterinary
ZDB-ID	2020582-X
ISSN	1467-2995 ; 1467-2987
ISSN (online)	1467-2995
ISSN	1467-2987
DOI	10.1016/j.vaa.2019.10.009
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Reply to Wolf et al.: Why Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR) Is Not an Ethical Solution for Stray Cat Management.

Read, John L / Dickman, Chris R / Boardman, Wayne S J / Lepczyk, Christopher A

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

2020 Volume 10, Issue 9

Abstract: We critique the recent article by Wolf et al. (2019) that claims scientific merit for reducing the number of stray cats in Australia through Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR) programs, and then we provide an inventory of biological, welfare, and economic reasons ... ...

Abstract	We critique the recent article by Wolf et al. (2019) that claims scientific merit for reducing the number of stray cats in Australia through Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR) programs, and then we provide an inventory of biological, welfare, and economic reasons why TNR is less successful than adoption and euthanasia for managing unowned cats. Like Crawford et al. (2019) and multiple other comprehensive and unbiased Australian and international scientific reviews, we refute the idea that returning neutered unowned cats to stray populations has any valid role in responsible, ethical, affordable, and effective cat management, or in wildlife conservation. The main purported objective of TNR proponents along with animal welfare, human health, and wildlife advocacy stakeholders is to reduce the number of unhomed cats. We contend that cessation of provisioning unowned cats with food is the most effective approach to achieve this objective. We also present evidence from the Brisbane City Council that informed cat management policy, advocacy, and laws, backed up by responsible rehoming or prompt ethical euthanasia, are together effective at reducing the stray cat problem.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani10091525
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