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  1. Article ; Online: Outpatient treatment of emergency department patients diagnosed with venous thromboembolism.

    Stubblefield, William B / Kline, Jeffrey A

    Postgraduate medicine

    2021  Volume 133, Issue sup1, Page(s) 11–19

    Abstract: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) includes the diagnosis of either deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE). This review discusses an evidence-based approach to the outpatient treatment of VTE in the emergency care setting. Main findings: ... ...

    Abstract Venous thromboembolism (VTE) includes the diagnosis of either deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE). This review discusses an evidence-based approach to the outpatient treatment of VTE in the emergency care setting. Main findings: The majority of patients diagnosed with VTE in the acute care setting are at low risk for an adverse event. Outpatient treatment for patients deemed low-risk by validated clinical decision tools leads to safe, efficacious, patient-centered, and cost-effective care. From a patient perspective, outpatient treatment of VTE can been simplified by the use of direct oral anticoagulant (DOACs) medications, and is supported by clinical trial evidence, and clinical practice guidelines from international societies. Outpatient treatment of patients with DVT has been more widely accepted as a best practice, while adoption of outpatient treatment of low-risk patients with acute PE has lagged. Many acute care clinicians remain wary of discharging patients with PE, concerned about drug access, adherence, and follow-up. Patients with VTE should be risk stratified identically as emerging evidence has demonstrated efficacy and safety in the interdependence of acute care protocols for the outpatient treatment of low-risk DVT and PE. Clinicians who practice in the acute care setting should be comfortable with risk stratification, anticoagulation, and discharge of low-risk VTE.
    MeSH term(s) Ambulatory Care/methods ; Anticoagulants/therapeutic use ; Emergency Medical Services/methods ; Evidence-Based Practice/methods ; Humans ; Risk Assessment/methods ; Venous Thromboembolism/complications ; Venous Thromboembolism/physiopathology ; Venous Thromboembolism/therapy
    Chemical Substances Anticoagulants
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 410138-8
    ISSN 1941-9260 ; 0032-5481
    ISSN (online) 1941-9260
    ISSN 0032-5481
    DOI 10.1080/00325481.2021.1916299
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Is It Time to Adjust D-dimer Thresholds to Our Clinical Pretest Probability? An Analysis of the PEGeD Study: June 2020 Annals of Emergency Medicine Journal Club.

    Stubblefield, William B / Kabrhel, D Christopher

    Annals of emergency medicine

    2019  Volume 75, Issue 6, Page(s) 778–780

    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-12-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603080-4
    ISSN 1097-6760 ; 0196-0644
    ISSN (online) 1097-6760
    ISSN 0196-0644
    DOI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.04.034
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Addressing the rising trend of high-risk pulmonary embolism mortality: Clinical and research priorities.

    Casey, Scott D / Stubblefield, William B / Luijten, Dieuwke / Klok, Frederikus A / Westafer, Lauren M / Vinson, David R / Kabrhel, Christopher

    Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

    2024  Volume 31, Issue 3, Page(s) 288–292

    Abstract: Background: Deaths from high-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) appear to have increased in the US over the last decade. Modifiable risks contributing to this worrisome trend present opportunities for physicians, researchers, and healthcare policymakers to ... ...

    Abstract Background: Deaths from high-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) appear to have increased in the US over the last decade. Modifiable risks contributing to this worrisome trend present opportunities for physicians, researchers, and healthcare policymakers to improve care.
    Methods: We sought to contextualize contemporary, high-risk PE epidemiology and examine clinical trials, quality improvement opportunities, and healthcare policy initiatives directed at reducing mortality.
    Results: We observed significant and modifiable excess mortality due to high-risk PE. We identified several opportunities to improve care including: (1) rapid translation of forthcoming data on reperfusion strategies into clinical practice; (2) improved risk stratification tools; (3) quality improvement initiatives to address presumptive anticoagulation practice gaps; and (3) adoption of health policy initiatives to establish pulmonary embolism response teams and address the social determinants of health.
    Conclusion: Addressing knowledge and practice gaps in intermediate and high-risk PE management must be prioritized and informed by forthcoming high-quality data. Implementation efforts are needed to improve acute PE management and resolve treatment disparities.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Fibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use ; Thrombolytic Therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Pulmonary Embolism/drug therapy ; Research
    Chemical Substances Fibrinolytic Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1329813-6
    ISSN 1553-2712 ; 1069-6563
    ISSN (online) 1553-2712
    ISSN 1069-6563
    DOI 10.1111/acem.14859
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  4. Article ; Online: Should Cancer Patients Receive Apixaban to Prevent Venous Thromboembolism? An Analysis of the AVERT Trial: January 2020 Annals of Emergency Medicine Journal Club.

    Stubblefield, William B / Courtney, D Mark / Self, Wesley H

    Annals of emergency medicine

    2019  Volume 75, Issue 1, Page(s) 116–118

    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-12-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603080-4
    ISSN 1097-6760 ; 0196-0644
    ISSN (online) 1097-6760
    ISSN 0196-0644
    DOI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.11.010
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  5. Article ; Online: Characteristics and outcomes of prehospital and emergency department surgical airways.

    Mathews, Amanda C / McLeod, Kaitlin / Lacy, Aaron J / High, Kevin / Brywczynski, Jeremy / McKinney, Jared J / Wrenn, Jesse O / Jones, Ian D / Stubblefield, William B

    Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open

    2024  Volume 5, Issue 2, Page(s) e13136

    Abstract: Objectives: The surgical airway is a high acuity, low occurrence procedure. Data on the complications and outcomes of surgical airways are limited. Our primary objective was to describe immediate complications, late complications, and clinical outcomes ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: The surgical airway is a high acuity, low occurrence procedure. Data on the complications and outcomes of surgical airways are limited. Our primary objective was to describe immediate complications, late complications, and clinical outcomes of patients who underwent a surgical airway procedure in the prehospital or emergency department (ED) setting.
    Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients ≥14 years at an academic medical center who underwent a surgical airway procedure in the ED, the prehospital setting, or at a referring ED prior to interfacility transfer. We identified cases from keyword searches of prehospital text pages and hospital electronic medical records from June 1, 2008 to July 1, 2022. Manual chart review was used to confirm inclusion and determine patient and procedure characteristics. Outcomes included immediate complications, delayed in-hospital complications, and neurologic disability as defined by Modified Rankin Score (mRS) at discharge.
    Results: We identified 63 patients (34 prehospital, 11 ED, and 18 referring ED). Immediate complications included mainstem intubation (46.0%) and bleeding that required direct pressure (23.4%). Overall, 29 patients (46%) died after arrival to the hospital. Of the patients surviving to hospital admission, 25 (48%) had an airway-related complication. Nine complications were deemed directly related to technical components of the procedure. Of the patients who survived to discharge, 18 (52.9%) had poor neurologic function (mRS 4-5).
    Conclusion: Procedural complications, mortality, and poor neurologic function were common following a surgical airway procedure in the prehospital or ED setting. Most patients surviving to discharge had a moderate to severe neurologic disability.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2688-1152
    ISSN (online) 2688-1152
    DOI 10.1002/emp2.13136
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Efficacy and Safety of Dapagliflozin in Patients With Acute Heart Failure.

    Cox, Zachary L / Collins, Sean P / Hernandez, Gabriel A / McRae, A Thomas / Davidson, Beth T / Adams, Kirkwood / Aaron, Mark / Cunningham, Luke / Jenkins, Cathy A / Lindsell, Christopher J / Harrell, Frank E / Kampe, Christina / Miller, Karen F / Stubblefield, William B / Lindenfeld, JoAnn

    Journal of the American College of Cardiology

    2024  Volume 83, Issue 14, Page(s) 1295–1306

    Abstract: Background: The primary goals during acute heart failure (AHF) hospitalization are decongestion and guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) optimization. Unlike diuretics or other GDMT, early dapagliflozin initiation could achieve both AHF goals.: ... ...

    Abstract Background: The primary goals during acute heart failure (AHF) hospitalization are decongestion and guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) optimization. Unlike diuretics or other GDMT, early dapagliflozin initiation could achieve both AHF goals.
    Objectives: The authors aimed to assess the diuretic efficacy and safety of early dapagliflozin initiation in AHF.
    Methods: In a multicenter, open-label study, 240 patients were randomized within 24 hours of hospital presentation for hypervolemic AHF to dapagliflozin 10 mg once daily or structured usual care with protocolized diuretic titration until day 5 or hospital discharge. The primary outcome, diuretic efficiency expressed as cumulative weight change per cumulative loop diuretic dose, was compared across treatment assignment using a proportional odds model adjusted for baseline weight. Secondary and safety outcomes were adjudicated by a blinded committee.
    Results: For diuretic efficiency, there was no difference between dapagliflozin and usual care (OR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.41-1.02; P = 0.06). Dapagliflozin was associated with reduced loop diuretic doses (560 mg [Q1-Q3: 260-1,150 mg] vs 800 mg [Q1-Q3: 380-1,715 mg]; P = 0.006) and fewer intravenous diuretic up-titrations (P ≤ 0.05) to achieve equivalent weight loss as usual care. Early dapagliflozin initiation did not increase diabetic, renal, or cardiovascular safety events. Dapagliflozin was associated with improved median 24-hour natriuresis (P = 0.03) and urine output (P = 0.005), expediting hospital discharge over the study period.
    Conclusions: Early dapagliflozin during AHF hospitalization is safe and fulfills a component of GDMT optimization. Dapagliflozin was not associated with a statistically significant reduction in weight-based diuretic efficiency but was associated with evidence for enhanced diuresis among patients with AHF. (Efficacy and Safety of Dapagliflozin in Acute Heart Failure [DICTATE-AHF]; NCT04298229).
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Acute Disease ; Heart Failure/drug therapy ; Diuretics ; Benzhydryl Compounds ; Glucosides
    Chemical Substances Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors ; dapagliflozin (1ULL0QJ8UC) ; Diuretics ; Benzhydryl Compounds ; Glucosides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Multicenter Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605507-2
    ISSN 1558-3597 ; 0735-1097
    ISSN (online) 1558-3597
    ISSN 0735-1097
    DOI 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.02.009
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  7. Article ; Online: Clinician gestalt estimate of pretest probability for acute coronary syndrome and pulmonary embolism in patients with chest pain and dyspnea.

    Kline, Jeffrey A / Stubblefield, William B

    Annals of emergency medicine

    2014  Volume 63, Issue 3, Page(s) 275–280

    Abstract: Study objective: Pretest probability helps guide diagnostic testing for patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome and pulmonary embolism. Pretest probability derived from the clinician's unstructured gestalt estimate is easier and more readily ... ...

    Abstract Study objective: Pretest probability helps guide diagnostic testing for patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome and pulmonary embolism. Pretest probability derived from the clinician's unstructured gestalt estimate is easier and more readily available than methods that require computation. We compare the diagnostic accuracy of physician gestalt estimate for the pretest probability of acute coronary syndrome and pulmonary embolism with a validated, computerized method.
    Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a prospectively collected, multicenter study. Patients (N=840) had chest pain, dyspnea, nondiagnostic ECGs, and no obvious diagnosis. Clinician gestalt pretest probability for both acute coronary syndrome and pulmonary embolism was assessed by visual analog scale and from the method of attribute matching using a Web-based computer program. Patients were followed for outcomes at 90 days.
    Results: Clinicians had significantly higher estimates than attribute matching for both acute coronary syndrome (17% versus 4%; P<.001, paired t test) and pulmonary embolism (12% versus 6%; P<.001). The 2 methods had poor correlation for both acute coronary syndrome (r(2)=0.15) and pulmonary embolism (r(2)=0.06). Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were lower for clinician estimate compared with the computerized method for acute coronary syndrome: 0.64 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.51 to 0.77) for clinician gestalt versus 0.78 (95% CI 0.71 to 0.85) for attribute matching. For pulmonary embolism, these values were 0.81 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.92) for clinician gestalt and 0.84 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.93) for attribute matching.
    Conclusion: Compared with a validated machine-based method, clinicians consistently overestimated pretest probability but on receiver operating curve analysis were as accurate for pulmonary embolism but not acute coronary syndrome.
    MeSH term(s) Acute Coronary Syndrome/complications ; Acute Coronary Syndrome/diagnosis ; Chest Pain/etiology ; Dyspnea/etiology ; Electrocardiography ; Gestalt Theory ; Humans ; Practice Patterns, Physicians' ; Probability ; Prospective Studies ; Pulmonary Embolism/complications ; Pulmonary Embolism/diagnosis ; ROC Curve ; Visual Analog Scale
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Multicenter Study
    ZDB-ID 603080-4
    ISSN 1097-6760 ; 0196-0644
    ISSN (online) 1097-6760
    ISSN 0196-0644
    DOI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2013.08.023
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  8. Article ; Online: Frequency of cardiotoxicity following intramuscular administration of epinephrine in emergency department patients with anaphylaxis.

    Pauw, Emily K / Stubblefield, William B / Wrenn, Jesse O / Brown, Sarah K / Cosse, Millie S / Curry, Zoe S / Darcy, Terence P / James, Tia'Asia E / Koetter, Paige E / Nicholson, Caitlin E / Parisi, Frank N / Shepherd, Laura G / Soppet, Savannah L / Stocker, Michael D / Walston, Bernard M / Self, Wesley H / Han, Jin H / Ward, Michael J

    Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open

    2024  Volume 5, Issue 1, Page(s) e13095

    Abstract: Objectives: Epinephrine can be a life-saving treatment for patients with anaphylaxis. Potential cardiovascular side effects of epinephrine may contribute to clinician hesitancy to use it. However, the frequency of cardiotoxicity resulting from ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Epinephrine can be a life-saving treatment for patients with anaphylaxis. Potential cardiovascular side effects of epinephrine may contribute to clinician hesitancy to use it. However, the frequency of cardiotoxicity resulting from epinephrine treatment for anaphylaxis is not well described. We sought to describe the frequency of cardiotoxicity following intramuscular (IM) administration of epinephrine in adult emergency department (ED) patients with anaphylaxis.
    Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study at a single, quaternary care academic ED in Tennessee. We identified consecutive ED visits with the diagnosis of anaphylaxis from 2017 to 2021 who received at least one intramuscular (IM) dose of epinephrine in the ED. Analysis was primarily descriptive. The primary outcome was cardiotoxicity, the occurrence of any of the following after epinephrine administration: ischemic electrocardiogram changes, systolic blood pressure >200 mmHg, or cardiac arrest ≤4 h; elevated troponin ≤12 h; or percutaneous coronary intervention or depressed ejection fraction ≤72 h.
    Results: Among 338 included patients, 16 (4.7%; 95%CI: 2.8-7.6%) experienced cardiotoxicity. Cardiotoxic events included eight (2.4%) ischemic electrocardiogram changes, six (1.8%) episodes of elevated troponin, five (1.5%) atrial arrhythmias, one (0.3%) ventricular arrythmia, and one (0.3%) depressed ejection fraction. Patients with cardiotoxicity were significantly older, had more comorbidities, and were more likely to have received multiple doses of epinephrine or an epinephrine infusion compared with a single IM dose of epinephrine.
    Conclusions: Among 338 consecutive adult ED patients who received IM epinephrine for anaphylaxis during a recent 4-year period, cardiotoxic side effects were observed in approximately 5% of patients.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2688-1152
    ISSN (online) 2688-1152
    DOI 10.1002/emp2.13095
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  9. Article ; Online: Change in Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Over 60 Days Among Health Care Personnel in Nashville, Tennessee.

    Patel, Manish M / Thornburg, Natalie J / Stubblefield, William B / Talbot, H Keipp / Coughlin, Melissa M / Feldstein, Leora R / Self, Wesley H

    JAMA

    2020  Volume 324, Issue 17, Page(s) 1781–1782

    MeSH term(s) Antibodies, Viral/blood ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/immunology ; COVID-19/therapy ; Health Personnel ; Immunization, Passive ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Tennessee
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Viral
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2958-0
    ISSN 1538-3598 ; 0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
    ISSN (online) 1538-3598
    ISSN 0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
    DOI 10.1001/jama.2020.18796
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  10. Article ; Online: Serial Thromboelastography and the Development of Venous Thromboembolism in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19.

    Marvi, Tanya K / Stubblefield, William B / Tillman, Benjamin F / Tenforde, Mark W / Patel, Manish M / Lindsell, Christopher J / Self, Wesley H / Grijalva, Carlos G / Rice, Todd W

    Critical care explorations

    2022  Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) e0618

    Abstract: To test the hypothesis that relatively lower clot strength on thromboelastography maximum amplitude (MA) is associated with development of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in critically ill patients with COVID-19.: Design: Prospective, observational ... ...

    Abstract To test the hypothesis that relatively lower clot strength on thromboelastography maximum amplitude (MA) is associated with development of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in critically ill patients with COVID-19.
    Design: Prospective, observational cohort study.
    Setting: Tertiary care, academic medical center in Nashville, TN.
    Patients: Patients with acute respiratory failure from COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to the adult medical ICU without known VTE at enrollment.
    Interventions: None.
    Measurements and main results: Ninety-eight consecutive critically ill adults with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled. Thromboelastography parameters and conventional coagulation parameters were measured on days 0 (within 48 hr of ICU admission), 3, 5, and 7 after enrollment. The primary outcome was diagnosis of VTE with confirmed deep venous thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism by clinical imaging or autopsy. Twenty-six patients developed a VTE. Multivariable regression controlling for antiplatelet exposure and anticoagulation dose with death as a competing risk found that lower MA was associated with increased risk of VTE. Each 1 mm increase in enrollment and peak MA was associated with an 8% and 14% decrease in the risk of VTE, respectively (enrollment MA: subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR], 0.92; 95% CI, 0.87-0.97;
    Conclusions: When controlling for the competing risk of death, lower enrollment and peak MA were associated with increased risk of VTE. Lower platelet counts and fibrinogen levels at enrollment were associated with increased risk of VTE. The association of diminished MA, platelet counts, and fibrinogen with VTE may suggest a relative consumptive coagulopathy in critically ill patients with COVID-19.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2639-8028
    ISSN (online) 2639-8028
    DOI 10.1097/CCE.0000000000000618
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