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Article ; Online: Spatial spread of COVID-19 during the early pandemic phase in Italy.

d'Andrea, Valeria / Trentini, Filippo / Marziano, Valentina / Zardini, Agnese / Manica, Mattia / Guzzetta, Giorgio / Ajelli, Marco / Petrone, Daniele / Del Manso, Martina / Sacco, Chiara / Andrianou, Xanthi / Bella, Antonino / Riccardo, Flavia / Pezzotti, Patrizio / Poletti, Piero / Merler, Stefano

BMC infectious diseases

2024 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 450

Abstract: Quantifying the potential spatial spread of an infectious pathogen is key to defining effective containment and control strategies. The aim of this study is to estimate the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission at different distances in Italy before the first ... ...

Abstract	Quantifying the potential spatial spread of an infectious pathogen is key to defining effective containment and control strategies. The aim of this study is to estimate the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission at different distances in Italy before the first regional lockdown was imposed, identifying important sources of national spreading. To do this, we leverage on a probabilistic model applied to daily symptomatic cases retrospectively ascertained in each Italian municipality with symptom onset between January 28 and March 7, 2020. Results are validated using a multi-patch dynamic transmission model reproducing the spatiotemporal distribution of identified cases. Our results show that the contribution of short-distance (
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/transmission ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Humans ; Italy/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Retrospective Studies ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis ; Pandemics ; Models, Statistical
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2041550-3
ISSN	1471-2334 ; 1471-2334
ISSN (online)	1471-2334
ISSN	1471-2334
DOI	10.1186/s12879-024-09343-8
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Individual's daily behaviour and intergenerational mixing in different social contexts of Kenya.

Del Fava, Emanuele / Adema, Irene / Kiti, Moses C / Poletti, Piero / Merler, Stefano / Nokes, D James / Manfredi, Piero / Melegaro, Alessia

Scientific reports

2021 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 21589

Abstract: We investigated contact patterns in diverse social contexts in Kenya and the daily behaviours that may play a pivotal role in infection transmission to the most vulnerable leveraging novel data from a 2-day survey on social contacts and time use (TU) ... ...

Abstract	We investigated contact patterns in diverse social contexts in Kenya and the daily behaviours that may play a pivotal role in infection transmission to the most vulnerable leveraging novel data from a 2-day survey on social contacts and time use (TU) from a sample of 1407 individuals (for a total of 2705 person days) from rural, urban formal, and informal settings. We used TU data to build six profiles of daily behaviour based on the main reported activities, i.e., Homestayers (71.1% of person days), Workers (9.3%), Schoolers (7.8%), or locations at increasing distance from home, i.e., Walkers (6.6%), Commuters (4.6%), Travelers (0.6%). In the rural setting, we observed higher daily contact numbers (11.56, SD 0.23) and percentages of intergenerational mixing with older adults (7.5% of contacts reported by those younger than 60 years vs. less than 4% in the urban settings). Overall, intergenerational mixing with older adults was higher for Walkers (7.3% of their reported contacts), Commuters (8.7%), and Homestayers (5.1%) than for Workers (1.5%) or Schoolers (3.6%). These results could be instrumental in defining effective interventions that acknowledge the heterogeneity in social contexts and daily routines, either in Kenya or other demographically and culturally similar sub-Saharan African settings.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Communicable Disease Control ; Communicable Diseases/transmission ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intergenerational Relations ; Kenya ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Residence Characteristics ; Rural Population ; Social Behavior ; Social Environment ; Students ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Transportation ; Urban Population ; Walking ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-021-00799-1
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Article ; Online: Individual’s daily behaviour and intergenerational mixing in different social contexts of Kenya

Emanuele Del Fava / Irene Adema / Moses C. Kiti / Piero Poletti / Stefano Merler / D. James Nokes / Piero Manfredi / Alessia Melegaro

Scientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2021 Volume 13

Abstract: Abstract We investigated contact patterns in diverse social contexts in Kenya and the daily behaviours that may play a pivotal role in infection transmission to the most vulnerable leveraging novel data from a 2-day survey on social contacts and time use ...

Abstract	Abstract We investigated contact patterns in diverse social contexts in Kenya and the daily behaviours that may play a pivotal role in infection transmission to the most vulnerable leveraging novel data from a 2-day survey on social contacts and time use (TU) from a sample of 1407 individuals (for a total of 2705 person days) from rural, urban formal, and informal settings. We used TU data to build six profiles of daily behaviour based on the main reported activities, i.e., Homestayers (71.1% of person days), Workers (9.3%), Schoolers (7.8%), or locations at increasing distance from home, i.e., Walkers (6.6%), Commuters (4.6%), Travelers (0.6%). In the rural setting, we observed higher daily contact numbers (11.56, SD 0.23) and percentages of intergenerational mixing with older adults (7.5% of contacts reported by those younger than 60 years vs. less than 4% in the urban settings). Overall, intergenerational mixing with older adults was higher for Walkers (7.3% of their reported contacts), Commuters (8.7%), and Homestayers (5.1%) than for Workers (1.5%) or Schoolers (3.6%). These results could be instrumental in defining effective interventions that acknowledge the heterogeneity in social contexts and daily routines, either in Kenya or other demographically and culturally similar sub-Saharan African settings.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	338
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The introduction of 'No jab, No school' policy and the refinement of measles immunisation strategies in high-income countries.

Trentini, Filippo / Poletti, Piero / Melegaro, Alessia / Merler, Stefano

BMC medicine

2019 Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 86

Abstract: Background: In recent years, we witnessed a resurgence of measles even in countries where, according to WHO guidelines, elimination should have already been achieved. In high-income countries, the raise of anti-vaccination movements and parental vaccine ...

Abstract	Background: In recent years, we witnessed a resurgence of measles even in countries where, according to WHO guidelines, elimination should have already been achieved. In high-income countries, the raise of anti-vaccination movements and parental vaccine hesitancy are posing major challenges for the achievement and maintenance of high coverage during routine programmes. Italy and France approved new regulations, respectively in 2017 and 2018, aimed at raising immunisation rates among children by introducing mandatory vaccination at school entry. Methods: We simulated the evolution of measles immunity profiles in seven distinct countries for the period 2018-2050 and evaluated the effect of possible adjustments of immunisation strategies adopted in the past on the overall fraction and age distribution of susceptible individuals in different high-income demographic settings. The proposed model accounts for country-specific demographic components, current immunity gaps and immunisation activities in 2018. Vaccination strategies considered include the enhancement of coverage for routine programmes already in place and the introduction of a compulsory vaccination at primary school entry in countries where universal school enrolment is likely achieved. Results: Our model shows that, under current vaccination policies, the susceptible fraction of the population would remain below measles elimination threshold only in Singapore and South Korea. In the UK, Ireland, the USA and Australia either the increase of coverage of routine programmes above 95% or the introduction of a compulsory vaccination at school entry with coverage above 40% are needed to maintain susceptible individuals below 7.5% up to 2050. Although the implementation of mandatory vaccination at school entry would be surely beneficial in Italy, strategies targeting adults would also be required to avoid future outbreaks in this country. Conclusions: Current vaccination policies are not sufficient to achieve and maintain measles elimination in most countries. Strategies targeting unvaccinated children before they enter primary school can remarkably enhance the fulfilment of WHO targets.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Measles/prevention & control ; Measles Vaccine/pharmacology ; Measles Vaccine/therapeutic use ; Models, Theoretical ; Socioeconomic Factors
Chemical Substances	Measles Vaccine
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1741-7015
ISSN (online)	1741-7015
DOI	10.1186/s12916-019-1318-5
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Article ; Online: The introduction of ‘No jab, No school’ policy and the refinement of measles immunisation strategies in high-income countries

Filippo Trentini / Piero Poletti / Alessia Melegaro / Stefano Merler

BMC Medicine, Vol 17, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2019 Volume 8

Abstract: Abstract Background In recent years, we witnessed a resurgence of measles even in countries where, according to WHO guidelines, elimination should have already been achieved. In high-income countries, the raise of anti-vaccination movements and parental ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background In recent years, we witnessed a resurgence of measles even in countries where, according to WHO guidelines, elimination should have already been achieved. In high-income countries, the raise of anti-vaccination movements and parental vaccine hesitancy are posing major challenges for the achievement and maintenance of high coverage during routine programmes. Italy and France approved new regulations, respectively in 2017 and 2018, aimed at raising immunisation rates among children by introducing mandatory vaccination at school entry. Methods We simulated the evolution of measles immunity profiles in seven distinct countries for the period 2018–2050 and evaluated the effect of possible adjustments of immunisation strategies adopted in the past on the overall fraction and age distribution of susceptible individuals in different high-income demographic settings. The proposed model accounts for country-specific demographic components, current immunity gaps and immunisation activities in 2018. Vaccination strategies considered include the enhancement of coverage for routine programmes already in place and the introduction of a compulsory vaccination at primary school entry in countries where universal school enrolment is likely achieved. Results Our model shows that, under current vaccination policies, the susceptible fraction of the population would remain below measles elimination threshold only in Singapore and South Korea. In the UK, Ireland, the USA and Australia either the increase of coverage of routine programmes above 95% or the introduction of a compulsory vaccination at school entry with coverage above 40% are needed to maintain susceptible individuals below 7.5% up to 2050. Although the implementation of mandatory vaccination at school entry would be surely beneficial in Italy, strategies targeting adults would also be required to avoid future outbreaks in this country. Conclusions Current vaccination policies are not sufficient to achieve and maintain measles elimination in most ...
Keywords	Measles elimination ; Compulsory vaccination ; School entry vaccination ; High-income countries ; Mathematical model ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	337
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The Epidemiology of Herpes Zoster After Varicella Immunization Under Different Biological Hypotheses: Perspectives From Mathematical Modeling.

Guzzetta, Giorgio / Poletti, Piero / Merler, Stefano / Manfredi, Piero

American journal of epidemiology

2016 Volume 183, Issue 8, Page(s) 765–773

Abstract: The impact of varicella vaccination on the epidemiology of herpes zoster (HZ) critically depends on the mechanism of immunological boosting, through which reexposures to varicella-zoster virus are thought to reduce the individual risk of HZ development. ... ...

Abstract	The impact of varicella vaccination on the epidemiology of herpes zoster (HZ) critically depends on the mechanism of immunological boosting, through which reexposures to varicella-zoster virus are thought to reduce the individual risk of HZ development. However, the qualitative and quantitative dynamics of this process are largely unknown. Consequently, mathematical models evaluating immunization strategies need to rely on theoretical assumptions. Available varicella-zoster virus models can be classified in 3 main families according to the postulated effect of exogenous boosting: 1) progressive accumulation of immunity following repeated reexposures; 2) partial protection that wanes over time; or 3) full but temporary immunity against HZ. In this work, we review and compare quantitative predictions from the 3 modeling approaches regarding the effect of varicella immunization on HZ. All models predict a qualitatively similar, but quantitatively heterogeneous, transient increase of HZ incidence. In particular, novel estimates from the progressive immunity model predict the largest increase in natural HZ and the largest incidence of HZ cases from reactivation of the vaccine strain, which in the long term will likely outnumber prevaccination numbers. Our results reinforce the idea that a better understanding of HZ pathogenesis is required before further mass varicella immunization programs are set out.
MeSH term(s)	Chickenpox/epidemiology ; Chickenpox/immunology ; Chickenpox/prevention & control ; Chickenpox Vaccine/administration & dosage ; Chickenpox Vaccine/adverse effects ; Chickenpox Vaccine/immunology ; Herpes Zoster/epidemiology ; Herpes Zoster/immunology ; Herpes Zoster/virology ; Herpesvirus 3, Human/drug effects ; Herpesvirus 3, Human/immunology ; Herpesvirus 3, Human/pathogenicity ; Humans ; Immunization Programs/standards ; Immunization Programs/statistics & numerical data ; Models, Theoretical
Chemical Substances	Chickenpox Vaccine
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-04-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2937-3
ISSN	1476-6256 ; 0002-9262
ISSN (online)	1476-6256
ISSN	0002-9262
DOI	10.1093/aje/kwv240
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Article ; Online: How habitat factors affect an Aedes mosquitoes driven outbreak at temperate latitudes: The case of the Chikungunya virus in Italy.

Solimini, Angelo / Virgillito, Chiara / Manica, Mattia / Poletti, Piero / Guzzetta, Giorgio / Marini, Giovanni / Rosà, Roberto / Filipponi, Federico / Scognamiglio, Paola / Vairo, Francesco / Caputo, Beniamino

PLoS neglected tropical diseases

2023 Volume 17, Issue 8, Page(s) e0010655

Abstract: Background: Outbreaks of Aedes-borne diseases in temperate areas are not frequent, and limited in number of cases. We investigate the associations between habitat factors and temperature on individuals' risk of chikungunya (CHIKV) in a non-endemic area ... ...

Abstract	Background: Outbreaks of Aedes-borne diseases in temperate areas are not frequent, and limited in number of cases. We investigate the associations between habitat factors and temperature on individuals' risk of chikungunya (CHIKV) in a non-endemic area by spatially analyzing the data from the 2017 Italian outbreak. Methodology/principal findings: We adopted a case-control study design to analyze the association between land-cover variables, temperature, and human population density with CHIKV cases. The observational unit was the area, at different scales, surrounding the residence of each CHIKV notified case. The statistical analysis was conducted considering the whole dataset and separately for the resort town of Anzio and the metropolitan city of Rome, which were the two main foci of the outbreak. In Rome, a higher probability for the occurrence of CHIKV cases is associated with lower temperature (OR = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.61-0.85) and with cells with higher vegetation coverage and human population density (OR = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.00-1.05). In Anzio, CHIKV case occurrence was positively associated with human population density (OR = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.00-1.06) but not with habitat factors or temperature. Conclusion/significance: Using temperature, human population density and vegetation coverage data as drives for CHIKV transmission, our estimates could be instrumental in assessing spatial heterogeneity in the risk of experiencing arboviral diseases in non-endemic temperate areas.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Aedes ; Chikungunya virus ; Case-Control Studies ; Italy/epidemiology ; Chikungunya Fever/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2429704-5
ISSN	1935-2735 ; 1935-2735
ISSN (online)	1935-2735
ISSN	1935-2735
DOI	10.1371/journal.pntd.0010655
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Article ; Online: Reporting delays of chikungunya cases during the 2017 outbreak in Lazio region, Italy.

Manica, Mattia / Marini, Giovanni / Solimini, Angelo / Guzzetta, Giorgio / Poletti, Piero / Scognamiglio, Paola / Virgillito, Chiara / Della Torre, Alessandra / Merler, Stefano / Rosà, Roberto / Vairo, Francesco / Caputo, Beniamino

PLoS neglected tropical diseases

2023 Volume 17, Issue 9, Page(s) e0011610

Abstract: Background: Emerging arboviral diseases in Europe pose a challenge due to difficulties in detecting and diagnosing cases during the initial circulation of the pathogen. Early outbreak detection enables public health authorities to take effective actions ...

Abstract	Background: Emerging arboviral diseases in Europe pose a challenge due to difficulties in detecting and diagnosing cases during the initial circulation of the pathogen. Early outbreak detection enables public health authorities to take effective actions to reduce disease transmission. Quantification of the reporting delays of cases is vital to plan and assess surveillance and control strategies. Here, we provide estimates of reporting delays during an emerging arboviral outbreak and indications on how delays may have impacted onward transmission. Methodology/principal findings: Using descriptive statistics and Kaplan-Meyer curves we analyzed case reporting delays (the period between the date of symptom onset and the date of notification to the public health authorities) during the 2017 Italian chikungunya outbreak. We further investigated the effect of outbreak detection on reporting delays by means of a Cox proportional hazard model. We estimated that the overall median reporting delay was 15.5 days, but this was reduced to 8 days after the notification of the first case. Cases with symptom onset after outbreak detection had about a 3.5 times higher reporting rate, however only 3.6% were notified within 24h from symptom onset. Remarkably, we found that 45.9% of identified cases developed symptoms before the detection of the outbreak. Conclusions/significance: These results suggest that efforts should be undertaken to improve the early detection and identification of arboviral cases, as well as the management of vector species to mitigate the impact of long reporting delays.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Chikungunya Fever/diagnosis ; Chikungunya Fever/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Italy/epidemiology ; Europe ; Public Health
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2429704-5
ISSN	1935-2735 ; 1935-2735
ISSN (online)	1935-2735
ISSN	1935-2735
DOI	10.1371/journal.pntd.0011610
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Article ; Online: Spatiotemporal distribution of vector mosquito species and areas at risk for arbovirus transmission in Maricopa County, Arizona

Wilke, André B.B. / Damian, Dan / Litvinova, Maria / Byrne, Thomas / Zardini, Agnese / Poletti, Piero / Merler, Stefano / Mutebi, John-Paul / Townsend, John / Ajelli, Marco

Elsevier B.V. Acta Tropica. 20232023 Apr. 01, Feb. 01, v. 240 p.106833-

2023

Abstract: Mosquito-borne diseases are a major global public health concern and mosquito surveillance systems are essential for the implementation of effective mosquito control strategies. The objective of our study is to determine the spatiotemporal distribution ... ...

Abstract	Mosquito-borne diseases are a major global public health concern and mosquito surveillance systems are essential for the implementation of effective mosquito control strategies. The objective of our study is to determine the spatiotemporal distribution of vector mosquito species in Maricopa County, AZ from 2011 to 2021, and to identify the hotspot areas for West Nile virus (WNV) and St. Louis Encephalitis virus (SLEV) transmission in 2021. The Maricopa County Mosquito Control surveillance system utilizes BG-Sentinel and EVS-CDC traps throughout the entire urban and suburban areas of the county. We estimated specific mosquito species relative abundance per unit area using the Kernel density estimator in ArcGIS 10.2. We calculated the distance between all traps in the surveillance system and created a 4 km buffer radius around each trap to calculate the extent to which each trap deviated from the mean number of Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex tarsalis collected in 2021. Our results show that vector mosquito species are widely distributed and abundant in the urban areas of Maricopa County. A total of 691,170Cx. quinquefasciatus, 542,733 Cx. tarsalis, and 292,305 Aedes aegypti were collected from 2011 to 2022. The relative abundance of Ae. aegypti was highly seasonal peaking in the third and fourth quarters of the year. Culex quinquefasciatus, on the other hand, was abundant throughout the year with several regions consistently yielding high numbers of mosquitoes. Culex tarsalis was abundant but it only reached high numbers in well-defined areas near irrigated landscapes. We also detected high levels of heterogeneity in the risk of WNV and SLEV transmission to humans disregarding traps geographical proximity. The well-defined species-specific spatiotemporal and geographical patterns found in this study can be used to inform vector control operations.
Keywords	Aedes aegypti ; Culex quinquefasciatus ; Culex tarsalis ; Saint Louis encephalitis virus ; West Nile virus ; arboviruses ; irrigation ; monitoring ; mosquito control ; public health ; risk ; species abundance ; vector control ; Arizona ; Arbovirus
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0201
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	210415-5
ISSN	1873-6254 ; 0001-706X
ISSN (online)	1873-6254
ISSN	0001-706X
DOI	10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106833
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Priority age targets for COVID-19 vaccination in Ethiopia under limited vaccine supply.

Galli, Margherita / Zardini, Agnese / Gamshie, Worku Nigussa / Santini, Stefano / Tsegaye, Ademe / Trentini, Filippo / Marziano, Valentina / Guzzetta, Giorgio / Manica, Mattia / d'Andrea, Valeria / Putoto, Giovanni / Manenti, Fabio / Ajelli, Marco / Poletti, Piero / Merler, Stefano

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 5586

Abstract: The worldwide inequitable access to vaccination claims for a re-assessment of policies that could minimize the COVID-19 burden in low-income countries. Nine months after the launch of the national vaccination program in March 2021, only 3.4% of the ... ...

Abstract	The worldwide inequitable access to vaccination claims for a re-assessment of policies that could minimize the COVID-19 burden in low-income countries. Nine months after the launch of the national vaccination program in March 2021, only 3.4% of the Ethiopian population received two doses of COVID-19 vaccine. We used a SARS-CoV-2 transmission model to estimate the level of immunity accrued before the launch of vaccination in the Southwest Shewa Zone (SWSZ) and to evaluate the impact of alternative age priority vaccination targets in a context of limited vaccine supply. The model was informed with available epidemiological evidence and detailed contact data collected across different geographical settings (urban, rural, or remote). We found that, during the first year of the pandemic, the mean proportion of critical cases occurred in SWSZ attributable to infectors under 30 years of age would range between 24.9 and 48.0%, depending on the geographical setting. During the Delta wave, the contribution of this age group in causing critical cases was estimated to increase on average to 66.7-70.6%. Our findings suggest that, when considering the vaccine product available at the time (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19; 65% efficacy against infection after 2 doses), prioritizing the elderly for vaccination remained the best strategy to minimize the disease burden caused by Delta, irrespectively of the number of available doses. Vaccination of all individuals aged ≥ 50 years would have averted 40 (95%PI: 18-60), 90 (95%PI: 61-111), and 62 (95%PI: 21-108) critical cases per 100,000 residents in urban, rural, and remote areas, respectively. Vaccination of all individuals aged ≥ 30 years would have averted an average of 86-152 critical cases per 100,000 individuals, depending on the setting considered. Despite infections among children and young adults likely caused 70% of critical cases during the Delta wave in SWSZ, most vulnerable ages should remain a key priority target for vaccination against COVID-19.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Aged ; Young Adult ; Humans ; Adult ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Ethiopia ; ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccines ; Vaccination
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines ; ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (B5S3K2V0G8) ; Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-32501-y
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