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Article ; Online: Morphological evidence for the physiological nature of follicular atresia in veiled chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus).

Dervas, Eva / Cigler, Pia / Hatt, Jean-Michel / Kummrow, Maya S

2023 Volume 261, Page(s) 107409

Abstract: Follicular atresia (FA) has been assumed to serve different functions in reptiles, e.g. helping to develop hierarchies, limiting clutch size, and regression of ovarian structures. Reproductive output is dependent on a balance between ovulations and FA. ... ...

Abstract	Follicular atresia (FA) has been assumed to serve different functions in reptiles, e.g. helping to develop hierarchies, limiting clutch size, and regression of ovarian structures. Reproductive output is dependent on a balance between ovulations and FA. Excessive rates of FA may not only be detrimental for the survival of a population, but have also been associated with pathological conditions. In order to gain insights into the physiological and potentially pathological processes of FA, we performed a decriptive study on the morphological features of the ovaries in sexually mature female veiled chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus, VC). Of 60 clinically healthy female VC with continuous ovarian cycling and at least one confirmed cycle with FA over at least 1.5 years, 30 were selected for macroscopic evaluation of ovarian appearance and 7 were subjected to histology and immunohistology. While FA of previtellogenic follicles happened at a low rate, expected for a species with two germinal beds per ovary and polyautochronic reproductive pattern, atresia in the late vitellogenic stage affected entire generations of follicles, consequential to ovulatory failure. Histologically, no pathological processes were identified in any of the animals. Rather, three stages of FA (early, middle, late) were defined and vitellogenic follicles showed two distinct morphological types of FA: yolky and cystic. Yolky FA was found in 21/30 (70%) animals, while cystic FA co-occurred in 9/30 (30%) of the animals.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Animals ; Follicular Atresia ; Lizards/physiology ; Reproduction/physiology ; Ovulation ; Ovary
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-31
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	429674-6
ISSN	1873-2232 ; 0378-4320
ISSN (online)	1873-2232
ISSN	0378-4320
DOI	10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107409
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Article: ULTRASONOGRAPHIC AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE IN FEMALE VEILED CHAMELEONS (

Cigler, Pia / Dervas, Eva / Richter, Henning / Hatt, Jean-Michel / Kummrow, Maya

Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians

2023 Volume 54, Issue 2, Page(s) 231–243

Abstract: Female veiled chameleons, ...

Abstract	Female veiled chameleons,
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Animals ; Follicular Atresia ; Reproduction ; Lizards ; Ovulation ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2174930-9
ISSN	1937-2825 ; 1042-7260
ISSN (online)	1937-2825
ISSN	1042-7260
DOI	10.1638/2022-0052
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Article ; Online: Verminous pneumonia in European hedgehogs (

Lehmann, Simone / Dervas, Eva / Ruiz Subira, Andres / Eulenberger, Ulrike / Gimmel, Angela / Grimm, Felix / Hetzel, Udo / Kipar, Anja

Veterinary pathology

2023 Volume 61, Issue 2, Page(s) 256–268

Abstract: The European hedgehog ( ...

Abstract	The European hedgehog (
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Hedgehogs/parasitology ; Coinfection/veterinary ; Hyperplasia/veterinary ; Pneumonia/parasitology ; Pneumonia/veterinary ; Antiparasitic Agents
Chemical Substances	Antiparasitic Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	188012-3
ISSN	1544-2217 ; 0300-9858
ISSN (online)	1544-2217
ISSN	0300-9858
DOI	10.1177/03009858231193103
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Article ; Online: Verminous pneumonia in European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus)

Lehmann, Simone / Dervas, Eva / Ruiz Subira, Andres / Eulenberger, Ulrike / Gimmel, Angela / Grimm, Felix / Hetzel, Udo / Kipar, Anja

Veterinary Pathology. 2024 Mar., v. 61, no. 2 p.256-268

2024

Abstract: The European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) is a common wildlife species in European countries. Populations are declining due to anthropogenic factors and natural diseases. Verminous pneumonia has been observed as a frequent infectious disease in ... ...

Abstract	The European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) is a common wildlife species in European countries. Populations are declining due to anthropogenic factors and natural diseases. Verminous pneumonia has been observed as a frequent infectious disease in hedgehogs submitted for diagnostic postmortem examination. This prompted the present in-depth investigation on the lungs of 27 necropsied hedgehogs with confirmed lungworm infections, with or without antiparasitic treatment prior to death. The histological and/or parasitic (fecal samples) examination identified Capillaria aerophila infection in most animals (82%). The parasites were found free in the airway lumen and/or within the airway epithelium, from the larynx to bronchioles. Embedded worms and eggs were associated with epithelial hyperplasia or metaplasia, and long-term inflammation. More than half of the animals (59%) carried Crenosoma striatum, and 41% had a coinfection. C striatum adults were predominantly found free in the lumen of bronchi and bronchioles, and larvae were occasionally seen in granulomas in the pulmonary interstitium, the liver, and the intestine. Independent of the parasite species, a lymphoplasmacytic peribronchitis and, less frequently, interstitial infiltration of eosinophils, neutrophils, and macrophages as well as pneumocyte type II hyperplasia was seen. Interestingly, the extent of pneumonia was not correlated with age, respiratory clinical signs, antiparasitic treatment, or single or coinfection. Verminous pneumonia appeared to be the cause of death in over 25% of the animals, indicating that these parasites not only coexist with hedgehogs but can also be a primary pathogen in this species.
Keywords	Capillaria aerophila ; Crenosoma ; Erinaceus europaeus ; animal pathology ; antiparasitic agents ; death ; eosinophils ; epithelium ; granuloma ; histology ; hyperplasia ; infectious diseases ; inflammation ; intestines ; larynx ; liver ; lungworms ; macrophages ; metaplasia ; mixed infection ; necropsy ; neutrophils ; pathogens ; pneumocytes ; pneumonia ; wildlife ; Capillaria aerophila (syn. Eucoleus aerophilus) ; Crenosoma striatum ; European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) ; verminous pneumonia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2024-03
Size	p. 256-268.
Publishing place	SAGE Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	188012-3
ISSN	1544-2217 ; 0300-9858
ISSN (online)	1544-2217
ISSN	0300-9858
DOI	10.1177/03009858231193103
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: A Multiplex RT-PCR Method for the Detection of Reptarenavirus Infection.

Baggio, Francesca / Hetzel, Udo / Prähauser, Barbara / Dervas, Eva / Michalopoulou, Eleni / Thiele, Tanja / Kipar, Anja / Hepojoki, Jussi

Viruses

2023 Volume 15, Issue 12

Abstract: Reptarenaviruses cause Boid Inclusion Body Disease (BIBD), a fatal disease of boid snakes with an economic and ecological impact, as it affects both captive and wild constrictor snakes. The clinical picture of BIBD is highly variable but often only ... ...

Abstract	Reptarenaviruses cause Boid Inclusion Body Disease (BIBD), a fatal disease of boid snakes with an economic and ecological impact, as it affects both captive and wild constrictor snakes. The clinical picture of BIBD is highly variable but often only limited. Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies (IB), which develop in most cell types including blood cells, are the pathognomonic hallmark of BIBD; their detection represents the diagnostic gold standard of the disease. However, IBs are not consistently present in clinically healthy reptarenavirus carriers, which can, if undetected, lead to and maintain the spread of the disease within and between snake populations. Sensitive viral detection tools are required for screening and control purposes; however, the genetic diversity of reptarenaviruses hampers the reverse transcription (RT) PCR-based diagnostics. Here, we describe a multiplex RT-PCR approach for the molecular diagnosis of reptarenavirus infection in blood samples. The method allows the detection of a wide range of reptarenaviruses with the detection limit reaching 40 copies per microliter of blood. Using 245 blood samples with a reference RT-PCR result, we show that the technique performs as well as the segment-specific RT-PCRs in our earlier studies. It can identify virus carriers and serve to limit reptarenavirus spreading in captive snake collections.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Arenaviridae/genetics ; Arenaviridae Infections ; Reverse Transcription ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Boidae/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v15122313
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Article: Fatal spirorchiidosis in European pond turtles (

Schönbächler, Katja / Olias, Philipp / Richard, Olivia K / Origgi, Francesco C / Dervas, Eva / Hoby, Stefan / Basso, Walter / Berenguer Veiga, Inês

International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife

2022 Volume 17, Page(s) 144–151

Abstract: Infections with intravascular digenean trematodes of the Spirorchiidae family (spirorchiidoses) are of great conservation concern both in marine and freshwater turtles due to their pathogenic potential. Between 2014 and 2021, ...

Abstract	Infections with intravascular digenean trematodes of the Spirorchiidae family (spirorchiidoses) are of great conservation concern both in marine and freshwater turtles due to their pathogenic potential. Between 2014 and 2021,
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2715239-X
ISSN	2213-2244
ISSN	2213-2244
DOI	10.1016/j.ijppaw.2022.01.004
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Article ; Online: Fatal spirorchiidosis in European pond turtles (Emys orbicularis) in Switzerland

Katja Schönbächler / Philipp Olias / Olivia K. Richard / Francesco C. Origgi / Eva Dervas / Stefan Hoby / Walter Basso / Inês Berenguer Veiga

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, Vol 17, Iss , Pp 144-

2022 Volume 151

Abstract	Infections with intravascular digenean trematodes of the Spirorchiidae family (spirorchiidoses) are of great conservation concern both in marine and freshwater turtles due to their pathogenic potential. Between 2014 and 2021, Spirorchis sp. infections associated with granulomatous inflammation and sudden death were detected in European pond turtles (Emys orbicularis) from three conservation breeding facilities in Switzerland. Blood fluke eggs associated with lesions were found in the intestine, spleen, testis, skeletal musculature, heart, kidneys, stomach, pancreas, liver, lung, and meninges from nine pond turtles submitted for necropsy and in the intestinal content from five of these animals. Two novel polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) targeting the 28S ribosomal RNA gene and the ITS2 region and subsequent sequencing revealed 100% nucleotide identity with a Spirorchis sp. previously isolated from an Escambia map turtle (Graptemys ernsti) in the USA. Our findings suggest a spill-over event secondary to direct or indirect contact with invasive North American turtle species in Switzerland. We describe the clinical, haematological, ultrasonographical, endoscopical, parasitological, pathological, and molecular findings associated with spirorchiid blood fluke infections of the Spirorchis genus in E. orbicularis, as well as the biosecurity measures that were developed to prevent the spread of this parasite among breeding and highly endangered free-ranging E. orbicularis populations in Switzerland.
Keywords	Spirorchiidosis ; Freshwater turtle ; Emys orbicularis ; Spirorchis sp ; Conservation ; Invasive species ; Zoology ; QL1-991
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Serpentoviruses: More than Respiratory Pathogens.

Dervas, Eva / Hepojoki, Jussi / Smura, Teemu / Prähauser, Barbara / Windbichler, Katharina / Blümich, Sandra / Ramis, Antonio / Hetzel, Udo / Kipar, Anja

Journal of virology

2020 Volume 94, Issue 18

Abstract: In recent years, nidoviruses have emerged as important respiratory pathogens of reptiles, affecting captive python populations. In pythons, nidovirus (recently reclassified as serpentovirus) infection induces an inflammation of the upper respiratory and ... ...

Abstract	In recent years, nidoviruses have emerged as important respiratory pathogens of reptiles, affecting captive python populations. In pythons, nidovirus (recently reclassified as serpentovirus) infection induces an inflammation of the upper respiratory and alimentary tract which can develop into a severe, often fatal proliferative pneumonia. We observed pyogranulomatous and fibrinonecrotic lesions in organ systems other than the respiratory tract during full postmortem examinations on 30 serpentovirus reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR)-positive pythons of varying species originating from Switzerland and Spain. The observations prompted us to study whether this not yet reported wider distribution of lesions is associated with previously unknown serpentoviruses or changes in the serpentovirus genome. RT-PCR and inoculation of
MeSH term(s)	Animal Diseases/diagnosis ; Animal Diseases/virology ; Animals ; Biopsy ; Boidae/virology ; Disease Susceptibility ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Nidovirales/isolation & purification ; Nidovirales/physiology ; Nidovirales Infections/diagnosis ; Nidovirales Infections/virology ; Organ Specificity ; Phenotype ; Phylogeny ; Recombination, Genetic ; Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis ; Respiratory Tract Infections/virology ; Viral Tropism ; Virus Shedding
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80174-4
ISSN	1098-5514 ; 0022-538X
ISSN (online)	1098-5514
ISSN	0022-538X
DOI	10.1128/JVI.00649-20
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Article: Fatal spirorchiidosis in European pond turtles (Emys orbicularis) in Switzerland

Schönbächler, Katja / Olias, Philipp / Richard, Olivia K. / Origgi, Francesco C. / Dervas, Eva / Hoby, Stefan / Basso, Walter / Berenguer Veiga, Inês

International journal for parasitology. 2022 Apr., v. 17

2022

Abstract	Infections with intravascular digenean trematodes of the Spirorchiidae family (spirorchiidoses) are of great conservation concern both in marine and freshwater turtles due to their pathogenic potential. Between 2014 and 2021, Spirorchis sp. infections associated with granulomatous inflammation and sudden death were detected in European pond turtles (Emys orbicularis) from three conservation breeding facilities in Switzerland. Blood fluke eggs associated with lesions were found in the intestine, spleen, testis, skeletal musculature, heart, kidneys, stomach, pancreas, liver, lung, and meninges from nine pond turtles submitted for necropsy and in the intestinal content from five of these animals. Two novel polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) targeting the 28S ribosomal RNA gene and the ITS2 region and subsequent sequencing revealed 100% nucleotide identity with a Spirorchis sp. previously isolated from an Escambia map turtle (Graptemys ernsti) in the USA. Our findings suggest a spill-over event secondary to direct or indirect contact with invasive North American turtle species in Switzerland. We describe the clinical, haematological, ultrasonographical, endoscopical, parasitological, pathological, and molecular findings associated with spirorchiid blood fluke infections of the Spirorchis genus in E. orbicularis, as well as the biosecurity measures that were developed to prevent the spread of this parasite among breeding and highly endangered free-ranging E. orbicularis populations in Switzerland.
Keywords	Emys orbicularis ; Graptemys ; Spirorchiidae ; biosecurity ; blood flukes ; death ; freshwater ; genes ; heart ; indirect contact ; inflammation ; intestines ; liver ; lungs ; meninges ; necropsy ; pancreas ; parasitology ; pathogenicity ; ribosomal RNA ; spleen ; stomach ; testes ; turtles ; Switzerland
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-04
Size	p. 144-151.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2715239-X
ISSN	2213-2244
ISSN	2213-2244
DOI	10.1016/j.ijppaw.2022.01.004
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Article ; Online: New World camelids are sentinels for the presence of Borna disease virus.

Malbon, Alexandra J / Dürrwald, Ralf / Kolodziejek, Jolanta / Nowotny, Norbert / Kobera, Ralph / Pöhle, Dietrich / Muluneh, Aemero / Dervas, Eva / Cebra, Christopher / Steffen, Frank / Paternoster, Giulia / Gerspach, Christian / Hilbe, Monika

Transboundary and emerging diseases

2021 Volume 69, Issue 2, Page(s) 451–464

Abstract: Borna disease (BD), a frequently fatal neurologic disorder caused by Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1), has been observed for decades in horses, sheep, and other mammals in certain regions of Europe. The bicoloured white-toothed shrew (Crocidura leucodon) ... ...

Abstract	Borna disease (BD), a frequently fatal neurologic disorder caused by Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1), has been observed for decades in horses, sheep, and other mammals in certain regions of Europe. The bicoloured white-toothed shrew (Crocidura leucodon) was identified as a persistently infected species involved in virus transmission. Recently, BoDV-1 attracted attention as a cause of fatal encephalitis in humans. Here, we report investigations on BoDV-1-infected llamas from a farm in a BD endemic area of Switzerland, and alpacas from holdings in a region of Germany where BD was last seen in the 1960s but not thereafter. All New World camelids showed apathy and abnormal behaviour, necessitating euthanasia. Histologically, severe non-suppurative meningoencephalitis with neuronal Joest-Degen inclusion bodies was observed. BoDV-1 was confirmed by immunohistology, RT-qPCR, and sequencing in selected animals. Analysis of the llama herd over 20 years showed that losses due to clinically suspected BD increased within the last decade. BoDV-1 whole-genome sequences from one Swiss llama and one German alpaca and-for comparison-from one Swiss horse and one German shrew were established. They represent the first published whole-genome sequences of BoDV-1 clusters 1B and 3, respectively. Our analysis suggests that New World camelids may have a role as a sentinel species for BoDV-1 infection, even when symptomatic cases are lacking in other animal species.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Borna Disease/epidemiology ; Borna Disease/pathology ; Borna disease virus/genetics ; Camelids, New World ; Encephalitis/veterinary
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-21
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2414822-2
ISSN	1865-1682 ; 1865-1674
ISSN (online)	1865-1682
ISSN	1865-1674
DOI	10.1111/tbed.14003
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