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  1. Article ; Online: The future of hallucination research: Can hallucinogens and psychedelic drugs teach us anything?

    Waters, Flavie

    Psychiatry research

    2022  Volume 319, Page(s) 114968

    Abstract: Hallucinations are one of the most interesting and least understood of all human experiences. This commentary addresses the ideas which most influenced my thinking in the past 20 years and what I believe to be the most currently promising area of enquiry. ...

    Abstract Hallucinations are one of the most interesting and least understood of all human experiences. This commentary addresses the ideas which most influenced my thinking in the past 20 years and what I believe to be the most currently promising area of enquiry. Interest in hallucinations reaches far back into antiquity and across cultures. The similarity of hallucinations in mental illness with the perceptual experiences reported by individuals who not mentally unwell has long been recognized. Early scientific research on hallucinogen drugs such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) was criticized and then withdrawn, but its recent revival offers new opportunities to examine the mechanism and 'process' of hallucinating. Many psychedelic compounds can elicit intense and realistic hallucinations. The study of hallucinogens conducted in carefully controlled and supervised settings and with individuals who are not mentally unwell opens exciting new possibilities. For example, it may be possible to study the temporal shifts in perceptual awareness, decode what influences the contents, affect, meaning, and appraisals of hallucinations and guide novel psychotherapy techniques and drug therapy.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Hallucinogens/pharmacology ; Hallucinogens/therapeutic use ; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide/pharmacology ; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide/therapeutic use ; Hallucinations/drug therapy ; Mental Disorders/drug therapy
    Chemical Substances Hallucinogens ; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (8NA5SWF92O)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-20
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 445361-x
    ISSN 1872-7123 ; 1872-7506 ; 0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
    ISSN (online) 1872-7123 ; 1872-7506
    ISSN 0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
    DOI 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114968
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Clozapine-related tachycardia: A conundrum to identify and treat.

    Brennan, Dermot / Lal, Sweta / Hugo, Frans / Waters, Flavie / Shymko, Gordon

    Australasian psychiatry : bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists

    2024  Volume 32, Issue 1, Page(s) 84–88

    Abstract: Objective: This study examined the rates and persistence of clozapine-induced tachycardia and heart-rate differences in patients treated with β-blockers in the largest sample of patients with a psychotic disorder to date.: Method: An audit of medical ...

    Abstract Objective: This study examined the rates and persistence of clozapine-induced tachycardia and heart-rate differences in patients treated with β-blockers in the largest sample of patients with a psychotic disorder to date.
    Method: An audit of medical files for 101 patients who attended a clozapine community clinic and analysis of monthly measurements of resting heart rates.
    Results: 51% met the clinical criteria for tachycardia. Heart rates were stable over time. β-blockers were associated with small but significant reductions in heart rates.
    Conclusion: The cardiovascular risks of clozapine are often overlooked. β-blockers are useful in lowering heart rates but they may be insufficient to reduce cardiac risk.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Clozapine/adverse effects ; Tachycardia/chemically induced ; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacology ; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/therapeutic use ; Psychotic Disorders/drug therapy
    Chemical Substances Clozapine (J60AR2IKIC) ; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2213198-X
    ISSN 1440-1665 ; 1039-8562
    ISSN (online) 1440-1665
    ISSN 1039-8562
    DOI 10.1177/10398562231224156
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  3. Book ; Online: Hallucinations: New Interventions Supporting People with Distressing Voices and/or Visions

    Sommer, Iris E. / Waters, Flavie / Hayward, Mark / McCarthy-Jones, Simon

    2016  

    Abstract: Hallucinations can occur across the five sensory modalities (auditory, visual, olfactory, tactile, and gustatory). Whilst they have the potential to be benign or even highly valued, they can often be devastating experiences associated with distress, ... ...

    Abstract Hallucinations can occur across the five sensory modalities (auditory, visual, olfactory, tactile, and gustatory). Whilst they have the potential to be benign or even highly valued, they can often be devastating experiences associated with distress, impaired social and occupational functioning, self-harm and suicide. Those who experience hallucinations in this latter manner may do so within the context of a wide range of psychiatric diagnoses, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The only routinely available interventions for people distressed by hallucinations are antipsychotic drugs, which date from the introduction of chlorpromazine in the 1950s, and manualized cognitive behavioral therapy, which originated in the 1990s. These interventions do not help all people distressed by hallucinations, and in the case of antipsychotic medication, come with notable side-effects.-

    There has hence been great interest in new interventions to support people distressed by hallucinations. The goal of this Frontiers Research Topic is to present a collection of papers on new developments in clinical interventions for those distressed by hallucinations. In the psychiatric condition that remains most strongly associated with hallucinations, schizophrenia, the majority (~70%) of people will have experienced hallucinations in the auditory modality, approximately a third will have experienced visual hallucinations, and a smaller minority will have experienced hallucinations in other modalities. Consistent with this prevalence, this collection focusses on auditory and visual hallucinations. This is not to minimise the potential distress that can occur from hallucinations in other modalities.-

    For example, tactile hallucinations, particularly when stemming from earlier experiences of sexual abuse, can be highly distressing, and improved ways to help sufferers of such experiences are also needed. In summary, this collection aims to result in an interdisciplinary collection of papers which will appeal to a wide readership, spanning all with an interest in this area
    Keywords Science (General) ; Psychology
    Size 1 electronic resource (106 p.)
    Publisher Frontiers Media SA
    Document type Book ; Online
    Note English ; Open Access
    HBZ-ID HT020097361
    ISBN 9782889450077 ; 2889450074
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  4. Article ; Online: Voices beyond words.

    Waters, Flavie

    The lancet. Psychiatry

    2015  Volume 2, Issue 4, Page(s) 285–286

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Speech Perception ; Voice
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Comment ; Journal Article
    ISSN 2215-0374
    ISSN (online) 2215-0374
    DOI 10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00087-5
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  5. Article ; Online: Sleep-Related Hallucinations.

    Waters, Flavie / Ling, Ivan / Azimi, Somayyeh / Blom, Jan Dirk

    Sleep medicine clinics

    2023  Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 143–157

    Abstract: The diagnostic category of sleep-related hallucinations (SRH) replaces the previous category of Terrifying Hypnagogic Hallucinations in the 2001 edition of International Classification of Sleep Disorders-R. Hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations (HHH) ...

    Abstract The diagnostic category of sleep-related hallucinations (SRH) replaces the previous category of Terrifying Hypnagogic Hallucinations in the 2001 edition of International Classification of Sleep Disorders-R. Hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations (HHH) that occur in the absence of other symptoms or disorder and, within the limits of normal sleep, are most likely non-pathological. By contrast, complex nocturnal visual hallucinations (CNVH) may reflect a dimension of psychopathology reflecting different combinations of etiologic influences. The identification and conceptualization of CNVH is relatively new, and more research is needed to clarify whether CNVH share common mechanisms with HHH.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Hallucinations/etiology ; Hallucinations/diagnosis ; Sleep ; Sleep Wake Disorders/complications ; Sleep Wake Disorders/diagnosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 1556-4088
    ISSN (online) 1556-4088
    DOI 10.1016/j.jsmc.2023.10.008
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Auditory Hallucinations: Does a Continuum of Severity Entail Continuity in Mechanism?

    Waters, Flavie / Fernyhough, Charles

    Schizophrenia bulletin

    2019  Volume 45, Issue 4, Page(s) 717–719

    MeSH term(s) Auditory Perception/physiology ; Hallucinations/physiopathology ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-02-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 439173-1
    ISSN 1745-1701 ; 0586-7614
    ISSN (online) 1745-1701
    ISSN 0586-7614
    DOI 10.1093/schbul/sbz002
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  7. Article ; Online: Visual hallucinations in psychiatry - what aren't we seeing?

    Ayalde, Jeremiah / Wearne, Deborah / Hood, Sean / Waters, Flavie

    Australasian psychiatry : bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists

    2021  Volume 30, Issue 1, Page(s) 113–115

    Abstract: Objective: To increase awareness of practising clinicians and researchers to the phenomenological distinctions between visual hallucinations and trauma-based, dissociative, visual re-experiencing phenomena seen in psychiatric disease.: Conclusions: ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To increase awareness of practising clinicians and researchers to the phenomenological distinctions between visual hallucinations and trauma-based, dissociative, visual re-experiencing phenomena seen in psychiatric disease.
    Conclusions: The experience of visual hallucinations is not exclusive to psychotic disorders in psychiatry. Different forms of experiences that resemble visual hallucinations may occur in patients with a trauma background and may potentially affect diagnosis. Given the paucity of literature around the subject, it is imperative that further research aims to characterise the distinction between visual hallucinations in psychosis and visual phenomena associated with trauma.
    MeSH term(s) Dissociative Disorders/complications ; Dissociative Disorders/diagnosis ; Dissociative Disorders/psychology ; Hallucinations/diagnosis ; Hallucinations/etiology ; Humans ; Psychiatry ; Psychotic Disorders/diagnosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2213198-X
    ISSN 1440-1665 ; 1039-8562
    ISSN (online) 1440-1665
    ISSN 1039-8562
    DOI 10.1177/10398562211038909
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  8. Article: Time Distortions: A Systematic Review of Cases Characteristic of Alice in Wonderland Syndrome.

    Blom, Jan Dirk / Nanuashvili, Nutsa / Waters, Flavie

    Frontiers in psychiatry

    2021  Volume 12, Page(s) 668633

    Abstract: Of the perceptual distortions characteristic of Alice in Wonderland syndrome, substantial alterations in the immediate experience of time are probably the least known and the most fascinating. We reviewed original case reports to examine the ... ...

    Abstract Of the perceptual distortions characteristic of Alice in Wonderland syndrome, substantial alterations in the immediate experience of time are probably the least known and the most fascinating. We reviewed original case reports to examine the phenomenology and associated pathology of these time distortions in this syndrome. A systematic search in PubMed, Ovid Medline, and the historical literature yielded 59 publications that described 168 people experiencing time distortions, including 84 detailed individual case reports. We distinguished five different types of time distortion. The most common category comprises slow-motion and quick-motion phenomena. In 39% of all cases, time distortions were unimodal in nature, while in 61% there was additional involvement of the visual (49%), kinaesthetic (18%), and auditory modalities (14%). In all, 40% of all time distortions described were bimodal in nature and 19% trimodal, with 1% involving four modalities. Underlying neurological mechanisms are varied and may be triggered by intoxications, infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, CNS lesions, paroxysmal neurological disorders, and psychiatric disorders. Bizarre sensations of time alteration-such as time going backwards or moving in circles-were mostly associated with psychosis. Pathophysiologically, mainly occipital areas appear to be involved, although the temporal network is widely disseminated, with separate component timing mechanisms not always functioning synchronously, thus occasionally creating temporal mismatches within and across sensory modalities (desynchronization). Based on our findings, we propose a classification of time distortions and formulate implications for research and clinical practice.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-07
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 2564218-2
    ISSN 1664-0640
    ISSN 1664-0640
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.668633
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  9. Article ; Online: Clozapine Therapy and COVID-19: A Systematic Review of the Prevalence Rates, Health Outcomes, Hematological Markers, and Patient Perspectives.

    Giles, Grace / Varghese, Sunny / Shymko, Gordon / Nguyen, Thinh / Waters, Flavie

    Schizophrenia bulletin

    2022  Volume 49, Issue 1, Page(s) 53–67

    Abstract: Background/objectives: There have been concerns that clozapine treatment may undermine the capacity of the body to fight infection and increase the vulnerability to contracting COVID-19. This review of recent cohort studies investigated (1) whether ... ...

    Abstract Background/objectives: There have been concerns that clozapine treatment may undermine the capacity of the body to fight infection and increase the vulnerability to contracting COVID-19. This review of recent cohort studies investigated (1) whether people with a severe psychiatric disorder are at increased risk of COVID-19 and complications, (2) the immunological response of clozapine-users who contract COVID-19, and (3) patients' perspectives on COVID-19 and the pandemic response.
    Methods: A systematic search of EMBASE, Medline, Pubmed, and PsycINFO databases using PRISMA guidelines using "COVID-19", "clozapine", and "vaccination" terms.
    Results: 18 studies (out of 330 identified) met all criteria (N = 119 054 including 8045 on clozapine). There was no strong evidence that clozapine users may be at increased risk of contracting COVID-19 or developing complications after adjusting for medical comorbidities. Hematological studies showed temporary reductions in neutrophils in COVID-19-positive patients and vaccination suggesting a clozapine effect in defence against infection. Vaccination studies did not report major adverse effects. Increased plasma levels of clozapine and neutropenia however point to COVID-19-related interference of clozapine metabolism. Patient surveys reported limited impact on mental health and positive attitudes regarding pandemic response.
    Conclusion: This review did not find compelling evidence that the immune system of clozapine users put them at risk of COVID-19 and further complications. Evidence of drug-infection interactions however points to the importance of adhering to consensus guidelines about clozapine therapy during the pandemic. More evidence using longitudinal designs is required to examine the longer-term effects of COVID-19 and vaccination in this vulnerable population.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19 ; Prevalence ; Clozapine/adverse effects ; Mental Disorders/drug therapy ; Outcome Assessment, Health Care ; Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects
    Chemical Substances Clozapine (J60AR2IKIC) ; Antipsychotic Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Systematic Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 439173-1
    ISSN 1745-1701 ; 0586-7614
    ISSN (online) 1745-1701
    ISSN 0586-7614
    DOI 10.1093/schbul/sbac148
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  10. Article ; Online: Hallucination Research: Into the Future, and Beyond.

    Jardri, Renaud / Larøi, Frank / Waters, Flavie

    Schizophrenia bulletin

    2019  Volume 45, Issue 45 Suppl 1, Page(s) S1–S4

    MeSH term(s) Biomedical Research/trends ; Congresses as Topic ; Hallucinations/diagnosis ; Hallucinations/physiopathology ; Hallucinations/therapy ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Introductory Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 439173-1
    ISSN 1745-1701 ; 0586-7614
    ISSN (online) 1745-1701
    ISSN 0586-7614
    DOI 10.1093/schbul/sby170
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