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  1. Article: Ultrafast MR imaging of the pelvis.

    Outwater, E K

    European journal of radiology

    1999  Volume 29, Issue 3, Page(s) 233–244

    Abstract: MR gradient systems with higher slew rates and gradient amplitude enable certain forms of imaging that are not practical with older gradient systems. These newer pulse sequences include single shot half-Fourier T2-weighted images and echo planar imaging. ...

    Abstract MR gradient systems with higher slew rates and gradient amplitude enable certain forms of imaging that are not practical with older gradient systems. These newer pulse sequences include single shot half-Fourier T2-weighted images and echo planar imaging. More important in MR imaging of the pelvis, these gradient systems benefit more conventional imaging methods such as gadolinium-enhanced 3D MR angiography, dynamic gradient echo contrast-enhanced images, and T2-weighted fast spin echo images, by shortening echo times. For most MR imaging of the pelvis, spatial resolution is paramount, and therefore sequences such as half-Fourier acquisition Turbo spin echo (HASTE) and 3D gadolinium-enhanced dynamic imaging play a less important role than in the upper abdomen. The potential of these techniques for diffusion or perfusion studies in the pelvis has not been explored.
    MeSH term(s) Contrast Media ; Echo-Planar Imaging ; Female ; Fetus/anatomy & histology ; Gadolinium ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Male ; Pelvic Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Pelvis/pathology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications/diagnosis ; Urogenital System/pathology
    Chemical Substances Contrast Media ; Gadolinium (AU0V1LM3JT)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1999-03
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 138815-0
    ISSN 1872-7727 ; 0720-048X
    ISSN (online) 1872-7727
    ISSN 0720-048X
    DOI 10.1016/s0720-048x(98)00165-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Contrast-enhanced MR imaging of gynecologic disorders.

    Outwater, E K

    Magnetic resonance imaging clinics of North America

    1996  Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) 133–151

    Abstract: Although standard MR imaging techniques can provide most of the important diagnostic information needed for studies of the female pelvis, intravenous contrast and bowel contrast agents can provide critical ancillary information in selected patients. ... ...

    Abstract Although standard MR imaging techniques can provide most of the important diagnostic information needed for studies of the female pelvis, intravenous contrast and bowel contrast agents can provide critical ancillary information in selected patients. Imaging techniques and diagnostic principles related to the use of these agents for gynecologic disorders are discussed.
    MeSH term(s) Contrast Media ; Female ; Gadolinium ; Genital Diseases, Female/diagnosis ; Genital Neoplasms, Female/diagnosis ; Genitalia, Female/pathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
    Chemical Substances Contrast Media ; Gadolinium (AU0V1LM3JT)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1996-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1196851-5
    ISSN 1557-9786 ; 1064-9689
    ISSN (online) 1557-9786
    ISSN 1064-9689
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Can training interventions in entrepreneurship, beekeeping, and health change the mind-set of vulnerable young adults toward self-employment? A qualitative study from urban Tanzania.

    Masunga K Iseselo / Idda H Mosha / Japhet Killewo / Linda Helgesson Sekei / Anne H Outwater

    PLoS ONE, Vol 14, Iss 8, p e

    2019  Volume 0221041

    Abstract: Young adults face unemployment-related challenges, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Self-employment is encouraged by the Tanzanian government and international institutions such as the World Bank. It has been found that young adults who ... ...

    Abstract Young adults face unemployment-related challenges, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Self-employment is encouraged by the Tanzanian government and international institutions such as the World Bank. It has been found that young adults who are employed or self-employed show more functional independence and less inequality and social polarization, as well as a decrease in deviant behaviour. However, limited knowledge and skills related to entrepreneurial activities contribute to lack of motivation towards self-employment among young adults. In order to examine these behaviours, an intervention study implementing an entrepreneurship and beekeeping training in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania was conducted. After completion of the intervention, a qualitative study was conducted that used focus group discussions (FGDs) to explore the experiences and changes in behaviour of young adults following the intervention. A total of 36 of the original 57 young adults from four camps who fully participated in the four arms of interventions were recruited. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the FGD data. Three themes emerged from the findings: establishment and maintenance of an entrepreneurial business, changes in behaviour, and perceived challenges. Improved entrepreneurial skills, customer care, and financial management were expressed as positive changes the participants attained relating to business management. Similarly, changes in the participants' behaviours, attitudes, and lifestyle practices led to improved health and increased recognition and respect in their communities. Insufficient start-up capital and long intervals between sessions were the main challenges. The study showed an improvement in the ability of the participants to generate the human, social, and financial capital prerequisite to business development. Increase in customer care, social capital and financial management are key factors for successful microbusiness activities for stable self-employment.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 796
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article: The utility of in-phase/opposed-phase imaging in differentiating malignancy from acute benign compression fractures of the spine.

    Erly, W K / Oh, E S / Outwater, E K

    AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology

    2005  Volume 27, Issue 6, Page(s) 1183–1188

    Abstract: Background and purpose: Benign and malignant fractures of the spine may have similar signal intensity characteristics on conventional MR imaging sequences. This study assesses whether in-phase/opposed-phase imaging of the spine can differentiate these 2 ...

    Abstract Background and purpose: Benign and malignant fractures of the spine may have similar signal intensity characteristics on conventional MR imaging sequences. This study assesses whether in-phase/opposed-phase imaging of the spine can differentiate these 2 entities.
    Methods: Twenty-five consecutive patients who were evaluated for suspected malignancy (lymphoma [4 patients], breast cancer [3], multiple myeloma [2], melanoma [2], prostate [2], and renal cell carcinoma [1]) or for trauma to the thoracic or lumbar spine were entered into this study. An 18-month clinical follow-up was performed. Patients underwent standard MR imaging with an additional sagittal in-phase (repetition time [TR], 90-185; echo time [TE], 2.4 or 6.5; flip angle, 90 degrees ) and opposed-phase gradient recalled-echo sequence (TR, 90-185, TE, 4.6-4.7, flip angle, 90 degrees ). Areas that were of abnormal signal intensity on the T1 and T2 sequences were identified on the in-phase/opposed-phase sequences. An elliptical region of interest measurement of the signal intensity was made on the abnormal region on the in-phase as well as on the opposed-phase images. A computation of the signal intensity ratio (SIR) in the abnormal marrow on the opposed-phase to signal intensity measured on the in-phase images was made.
    Results: Twenty-one patients had 49 vertebral lesions, consisting of 20 malignant and 29 benign fractures. There was a significant difference (P < .001, Student t test) in the mean SIR for the benign lesions (mean, 0.58; SD, 0.02) compared with the malignant lesions (mean, 0.98; SD, 0.095). If a SIR of 0.80 as a cutoff is chosen, with >0.8 defined as malignant and <0.8 defined as a benign result, in-phase/opposed-phase imaging correctly identified 19 of 20 malignant lesions and 26 of 29 benign lesions (sensitivity, 0.95; specificity, 0.89).
    Conclusion: There is significant difference in signal intensity between benign compression fractures and malignancy on in-phase/opposed-phase MR imaging.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Fractures, Compression/diagnosis ; Fractures, Spontaneous/diagnosis ; Fractures, Spontaneous/etiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Male ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spinal Fractures/diagnosis ; Spinal Neoplasms/complications ; Spinal Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Spinal Neoplasms/secondary ; Spine/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2005-07-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603808-6
    ISSN 1936-959X ; 0195-6108
    ISSN (online) 1936-959X
    ISSN 0195-6108
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: MR imaging of the anorectal region: intraluminal, extraluminal,que sera?

    Hussain, S M / Outwater, E K

    Abdominal imaging

    1999  Volume 24, Issue 6, Page(s) 582–584

    Language English
    Publishing date 1999-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1144553-1
    ISSN 1432-0509 ; 0942-8925
    ISSN (online) 1432-0509
    ISSN 0942-8925
    DOI 10.1007/s002619900568
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Tissue characterization in the female pelvis by means of MR imaging.

    Siegelman, E S / Outwater, E K

    Radiology

    1999  Volume 212, Issue 1, Page(s) 5–18

    Abstract: Pelvic imaging techniques such as computed tomography and ultrasonography provide a limited capability for tissue characterization. Fat, fluid, and calcification, for example, can be identified on the basis of parameters such as x-ray attenuation, ... ...

    Abstract Pelvic imaging techniques such as computed tomography and ultrasonography provide a limited capability for tissue characterization. Fat, fluid, and calcification, for example, can be identified on the basis of parameters such as x-ray attenuation, echogenicity, and sound attenuation. Because of the many tissue parameters, such as T1, T2, magnetic susceptibility, and chemical shift, that contribute to signal intensity, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging may afford an ability to identify a wider array of specific tissues. The purpose of this article is to review the ability of MR imaging to help identify various types of soft tissue and to provide an approach to interpretation of MR images of the female pelvis through tissue characterization. Lipid, fluid, hemorrhage, smooth muscle, fibrosis, solid malignant tissue, and hydrated soft tissue (including edema, mucin, and myxomatous tissue) have typical MR imaging properties, and their presence in a mass can often be established on MR images. Consideration of the tissue composition of various pathologic processes in the pelvis can result in more systematic approaches to image interpretation and thus narrow the differential diagnosis.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Fourier Analysis ; Genital Diseases, Female/diagnosis ; Genital Diseases, Female/pathology ; Genital Neoplasms, Female/diagnosis ; Genital Neoplasms, Female/pathology ; Genitalia, Female/pathology ; Humans ; Image Enhancement ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pelvis/pathology ; Pregnancy ; Sensitivity and Specificity
    Language English
    Publishing date 1999-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 80324-8
    ISSN 1527-1315 ; 0033-8419
    ISSN (online) 1527-1315
    ISSN 0033-8419
    DOI 10.1148/radiology.212.1.r99jl455
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: MR imaging techniques of the liver.

    Siegelman, E S / Outwater, E K

    Radiologic clinics of North America

    1998  Volume 36, Issue 2, Page(s) 263–286

    Abstract: This article reviews the currently available MR imaging techniques that are useful for the detection and characterization of focal and diffuse liver pathology. The implementation and clinical utility of various T1-weighted, T2-weighted, T2*-weighted, and ...

    Abstract This article reviews the currently available MR imaging techniques that are useful for the detection and characterization of focal and diffuse liver pathology. The implementation and clinical utility of various T1-weighted, T2-weighted, T2*-weighted, and MR angiographic sequences are described.
    MeSH term(s) Contrast Media ; Humans ; Liver/pathology ; Liver Diseases/diagnosis ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
    Chemical Substances Contrast Media
    Language English
    Publishing date 1998-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 215712-3
    ISSN 1557-8275 ; 0033-8389
    ISSN (online) 1557-8275
    ISSN 0033-8389
    DOI 10.1016/s0033-8389(05)70021-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Magnetic resonance imaging of focal and diffuse hepatic disease.

    Siegelman, E S / Outwater, E K

    Seminars in ultrasound, CT, and MR

    1998  Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 2–34

    Abstract: MRI is a powerful tool in the detection and characterization of both focal and diffuse liver pathology. Because of superior soft tissue characterization, direct multi-planar capabilities and lack of ionizing radiation, current state of the art MRI is ... ...

    Abstract MRI is a powerful tool in the detection and characterization of both focal and diffuse liver pathology. Because of superior soft tissue characterization, direct multi-planar capabilities and lack of ionizing radiation, current state of the art MRI is useful when contrast CT is relatively contraindicated or not definitive. This article reviews the MRI findings of the most common focal and diffuse liver diseases encountered in clinical practice. Reviews of current MR techniques and MR contrast agents used in liver imaging have been recently published. For this article, discussion of specific techniques and use of contrast is addressed for each pathological entity discussed.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Liver Diseases/diagnosis ; Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 1998-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1353113-x
    ISSN 1558-5034 ; 0887-2171
    ISSN (online) 1558-5034
    ISSN 0887-2171
    DOI 10.1016/s0887-2171(98)90022-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Pancreatic carcinoma versus chronic pancreatitis: dynamic MR imaging.

    Johnson, P T / Outwater, E K

    Radiology

    1999  Volume 212, Issue 1, Page(s) 213–218

    Abstract: Purpose: To determine if dynamic gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can distinguish chronic pancreatitis from pancreatic carcinoma.: Materials and methods: A retrospective review of MR and pathology examination findings was performed ...

    Abstract Purpose: To determine if dynamic gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can distinguish chronic pancreatitis from pancreatic carcinoma.
    Materials and methods: A retrospective review of MR and pathology examination findings was performed for 24 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and seven with chronic pancreatitis who underwent dynamic gadolinium-enhanced breath-hold spoiled gradient-echo imaging. Arterial, portal, and delayed phase images were obtained after injection of gadopentatate dimeglumine. The MR images of 14 patients without clinical evidence of pancreatic disease were also reviewed as controls. Signal intensity (SI) was measured on the precontrast (pre) and gadolinium-enhanced (post) images of the area of the pancreas sampled at biopsy and of the nontumorous pancreas. Percentage enhancement was defined as SIpre/SIpost x 100.
    Results: Normal pancreas showed rapid enhancement that peaked in the arterial or portal phase. For both diseases, T1-weighted images showed hypointense masses with progressive enhancement (differences were significant [P < .05] on only delayed fat-saturated images). Differences in enhancement between either disease state and normal pancreas were significant for at least one phase. Nontumorous pancreas in patients with carcinoma showed gradual enhancement that was significantly different from that of normal pancreas.
    Conclusion: Chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma show abnormal pancreatic enhancement, but the two were not distinguished on the basis of degree and time of enhancement.
    MeSH term(s) Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis ; Adenocarcinoma/pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Contrast Media ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreas/pathology ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology ; Pancreatitis/diagnosis ; Pancreatitis/pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity
    Chemical Substances Contrast Media ; Gadolinium DTPA (K2I13DR72L)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1999-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80324-8
    ISSN 1527-1315 ; 0033-8419
    ISSN (online) 1527-1315
    ISSN 0033-8419
    DOI 10.1148/radiology.212.1.r99jl16213
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: The concentric-ring sign revisited.

    Siegelman, E S / Outwater, E K

    AJR. American journal of roentgenology

    1996  Volume 166, Issue 6, Page(s) 1493

    MeSH term(s) Adrenal Gland Diseases/diagnosis ; Hemorrhage/diagnosis ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 1996-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comment ; Letter
    ZDB-ID 82076-3
    ISSN 1546-3141 ; 0361-803X ; 0092-5381
    ISSN (online) 1546-3141
    ISSN 0361-803X ; 0092-5381
    DOI 10.2214/ajr.166.6.8633472
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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