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Article ; Online: Sex-specific deaths in Norway and Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic: Did mandates make a difference?

Catalano, Ralph

2021 Volume 50, Issue 1, Page(s) 46–51

MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Norway/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sweden/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-13
Publishing country	Sweden
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1475054-5
ISSN	1651-1905 ; 1403-4948
ISSN (online)	1651-1905
ISSN	1403-4948
DOI	10.1177/14034948211010017
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Article ; Online: Racial disparities in law enforcement/court-ordered psychiatric inpatient admissions after the 2008 recession: a test of the frustration-aggression-displacement hypothesis.

Singh, Parvati / Catalano, Ralph / Bruckner, Tim A

Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology

2024

Abstract: Background: Societies under duress may selectively increase the reporting of disordered persons from vulnerable communities to law enforcement. Mentally ill African American males reportedly are perceived as more threatening relative to females and ... ...

Abstract	Background: Societies under duress may selectively increase the reporting of disordered persons from vulnerable communities to law enforcement. Mentally ill African American males reportedly are perceived as more threatening relative to females and other race/ethnicities. We examine whether law enforcement/court order-requested involuntary psychiatric hospitalizations increased among African American males shortly after ambient economic decline-a widely characterized population stressor. Methods: We identified psychiatric inpatient admissions requested by law enforcement/court orders from 2006 to 2011 across four US states (Arizona, California, New York, North Carolina). Our analytic sample comprises 13.1 million psychiatric inpatient admissions across 95 counties over 72 months. We operationalized exposure to economic downturns as percent change in monthly employment in a metropolitan statistical area (MSA). We used zero inflated negative binomial and linear fixed effects regression analyses to examine psychiatric inpatient admissions requested by law enforcement/court orders following regional employment decline over a time period that includes the Great Recession of 2008. Findings: Declines in monthly employment precede by one month a 6% increase in psychiatric hospitalizations requested by law enforcement/court order among African American males (p < 0.05), but not among other race/sex groups. Estimates amount to an excess of 2554 involuntary admissions among African American males statistically attributable to aggregate-level employment decline. Conclusions: Economic downturns may increase involuntary psychiatric commitments among African American males. Our findings underscore the unique vulnerability of racial/ethnic minorities during economic contractions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-20
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	623071-4
ISSN	1433-9285 ; 0037-7813 ; 0933-7954
ISSN (online)	1433-9285
ISSN	0037-7813 ; 0933-7954
DOI	10.1007/s00127-024-02627-z
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Article ; Online: Expectations of non-COVID-19 deaths during the pre-vaccine pandemic: a process-control approach.

Catalano, Ralph / Casey, Joan A / Gemmill, Alison / Bruckner, Tim

BMC public health

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 155

Abstract: Background: Debate over "social distancing" as a response to the pandemic includes the claim that disrupting clinical and public health programming dependent on human-to-human contact increased non-COVID-19 deaths. This claim warrants testing because ... ...

Abstract	Background: Debate over "social distancing" as a response to the pandemic includes the claim that disrupting clinical and public health programming dependent on human-to-human contact increased non-COVID-19 deaths. This claim warrants testing because novel pathogens will continue to emerge. Tests, however, appear frustrated by lack of a convention for estimating non-COVID-19 deaths that would have occurred had clinical and public health programming during the pre-vaccine pandemic remained as efficacious as in the pre-pandemic era. Intending to hasten the emergence of such a convention, we describe and demonstrate "new-signal, prior-response expectations" suggested by research and methods at the intersection of epidemiology and process control engineering. Methods: Using German data, we estimate pre-pandemic public health efficacy by applying Box-Jenkins methods to 271 weekly counts of all-cause deaths from December 29 2014 through March 8 2020. We devise new-signal, prior-response expectations by applying the model to weekly non-COVID-19 deaths from March 9 2020 through December 26 2020. Results: The COVID-19 pandemic did not coincide with more non-COVID-19 deaths than expected from the efficacy of responses to pre-pandemic all-cause deaths. Conclusions: New-signal, prior-response estimates can contribute to evaluating the efficacy of public health programming in reducing non-COVID-19 deaths during the pre-vaccine pandemic.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Motivation ; Physical Distancing
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2041338-5
ISSN	1471-2458 ; 1471-2458
ISSN (online)	1471-2458
ISSN	1471-2458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-022-14829-8
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Article ; Online: The 2016 Presidential Election and Prenatal Care Utilization Among Foreign-born Hispanic Pregnant People.

Young, Anna Marie Pacheco / Catalano, Ralph / Gemmill, Alison

Medical care

2022 Volume 60, Issue 11, Page(s) 799–805

Abstract: Background: Few studies have evaluated the relationship between adequate and timely prenatal care among immigrant pregnant people and the recent political climate, including the 2016 election and associated campaigns.: Objectives: We examine whether ... ...

Abstract	Background: Few studies have evaluated the relationship between adequate and timely prenatal care among immigrant pregnant people and the recent political climate, including the 2016 election and associated campaigns. Objectives: We examine whether the 2016 presidential election was associated with changes in prenatal care utilization among US foreign-born Hispanic pregnant people. Research design: Interrupted time series. Subjects: All foreign-born Hispanic and US-born non-Hispanic White people delivering singleton infants from 2008 to 2017 who resided in the 23 states that fully implemented the 2003 version of the birth certificate before January 2008 (n=12,397,503). Measures: We examine the relationship between the presidential election and changes in the odds of inadequate or late/no prenatal care among immigrant Hispanic pregnant people, as well as trends in prenatal care utilization before the election. Results: Our results show no unexpected changes in receipt of inadequate prenatal care, and late/no prenatal care, among the 7 monthly conception cohorts exposed to the election before the third trimester. However, we detected increases in the odds of both inadequate care and late/no prenatal care among foreign-born Hispanic pregnant people in June 2015 and January 2016, respectively. These upward level shifts persisted through the remainder of our time series ending with the cohort conceived around December 2016. Conclusions: The worsening shifts in prenatal care utilization we observe may serve as a bellwether for worsening outcomes among immigrant women and their families. Research is therefore urgently needed to investigate the determinants and consequences of these concerning trends.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Hispanic or Latino ; Humans ; Infant ; Parturition ; Politics ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Care ; White People
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	411646-x
ISSN	1537-1948 ; 0025-7079
ISSN (online)	1537-1948
ISSN	0025-7079
DOI	10.1097/MLR.0000000000001753
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Article ; Online: Excess Injury Mortality in Washington State During the 2021 Heat Wave.

Casey, Joan A / Parks, Robbie M / Bruckner, Tim A / Gemmill, Alison / Catalano, Ralph

American journal of public health

2023 Volume 113, Issue 6, Page(s) 657–660

Abstract: Public health implications: Under global warming scenarios, heat waves of this magnitude will become much more common. Adaptation and planning efforts are needed to protect residents of the historically temperate Pacific Northwest for a range of health ... ...

Abstract	Public health implications: Under global warming scenarios, heat waves of this magnitude will become much more common. Adaptation and planning efforts are needed to protect residents of the historically temperate Pacific Northwest for a range of health outcomes. (
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Hot Temperature ; Washington/epidemiology ; Public Health ; Mortality
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	121100-6
ISSN	1541-0048 ; 0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
ISSN (online)	1541-0048
ISSN	0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
DOI	10.2105/AJPH.2023.307269
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Article ; Online: Expectations of non-COVID-19 deaths during the pre-vaccine pandemic

Ralph Catalano / Joan A. Casey / Alison Gemmill / Tim Bruckner

BMC Public Health, Vol 23, Iss 1, Pp 1-

a process-control approach

2023 Volume 6

Abstract: Abstract Background Debate over “social distancing” as a response to the pandemic includes the claim that disrupting clinical and public health programming dependent on human-to-human contact increased non-COVID-19 deaths. This claim warrants testing ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Debate over “social distancing” as a response to the pandemic includes the claim that disrupting clinical and public health programming dependent on human-to-human contact increased non-COVID-19 deaths. This claim warrants testing because novel pathogens will continue to emerge. Tests, however, appear frustrated by lack of a convention for estimating non-COVID-19 deaths that would have occurred had clinical and public health programming during the pre-vaccine pandemic remained as efficacious as in the pre-pandemic era. Intending to hasten the emergence of such a convention, we describe and demonstrate “new-signal, prior-response expectations” suggested by research and methods at the intersection of epidemiology and process control engineering. Methods Using German data, we estimate pre-pandemic public health efficacy by applying Box-Jenkins methods to 271 weekly counts of all-cause deaths from December 29 2014 through March 8 2020. We devise new-signal, prior-response expectations by applying the model to weekly non-COVID-19 deaths from March 9 2020 through December 26 2020. Results The COVID-19 pandemic did not coincide with more non-COVID-19 deaths than expected from the efficacy of responses to pre-pandemic all-cause deaths. Conclusions New-signal, prior-response estimates can contribute to evaluating the efficacy of public health programming in reducing non-COVID-19 deaths during the pre-vaccine pandemic.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; All-cause mortality ; Germany ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	310
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Commentary: Political epidemiology, Republican presidents and dog food.

Catalano, Ralph

International journal of epidemiology

2014 Volume 43, Issue 3, Page(s) 829–831

MeSH term(s)	African Americans/statistics & numerical data ; European Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Infant Mortality/ethnology ; Infant Mortality/trends ; Politics
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comment ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	187909-1
ISSN	1464-3685 ; 0300-5771
ISSN (online)	1464-3685
ISSN	0300-5771
DOI	10.1093/ije/dyt273
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Article ; Online: Ad hominen or ad rem? Good autocorrelation or bad?

Catalano, Ralph

International journal of epidemiology

2014 Volume 43, Issue 4, Page(s) 1342–1343

MeSH term(s)	African Americans/statistics & numerical data ; European Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Infant Mortality/ethnology ; Infant Mortality/trends ; Politics
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-04-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	187909-1
ISSN	1464-3685 ; 0300-5771
ISSN (online)	1464-3685
ISSN	0300-5771
DOI	10.1093/ije/dyu097
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Article: A novel indicator of selection

Catalano, Ralph / Bruckner, Tim A / Gemmill, Alison / Casey, Joan A / Margerison, Claire / Hartig, Terry

Evolution, medicine, and public health

2023 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 244–250

Abstract: Background and objectives: Selection : Methodology: We apply Box-Jenkins methods to 50 pre-pandemic birth cohorts (i.e., December 2016 through January 2020) and use the resulting transfer functions to predict counterfactual values in our suggested ... ...

Abstract	Background and objectives: Selection Methodology: We apply Box-Jenkins methods to 50 pre-pandemic birth cohorts (i.e., December 2016 through January 2020) and use the resulting transfer functions to predict counterfactual values in our suggested indicator for selection for ten subsequent birth cohorts beginning in February 2020. We then plot all 60 residual values as well as their 95% detection interval. If birth cohorts in gestation at the onset of the pandemic lost more slow-growing fetuses than expected from history, more than one of the last 10 (i.e. pandemic-exposed) residuals would fall below the detection interval. Results: Four of the last 10 residuals of our indicator for males and for females fell below the 95% detection interval. Conclusions and implications: Consistent with selection
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2684837-5
ISSN	2050-6201
ISSN	2050-6201
DOI	10.1093/emph/eoad018
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Article ; Online: Missing Black males among preterm births in the US, 1995 to 2019.

Bruckner, Tim A / Chakrabarti, Suman / Bustos, Brenda / Catalano, Ralph / Gemmill, Alison / Casey, Joan A / Lee, Hedwig

PloS one

2024 Volume 19, Issue 3, Page(s) e0295557

Abstract: Background: In the US, non-Hispanic (NH) Black birthing persons show a two-fold greater risk of fetal death relative to NH white birthing persons. Since males more than females show a greater risk of fetal death, such loss in utero may affect the sex ... ...

Abstract	Background: In the US, non-Hispanic (NH) Black birthing persons show a two-fold greater risk of fetal death relative to NH white birthing persons. Since males more than females show a greater risk of fetal death, such loss in utero may affect the sex composition of live births born preterm (PTB; <37 weeks gestational age). We examine US birth data from 1995 to 2019 to determine whether the ratio of male to female preterm (i.e., PTB sex ratios) among NH Black births falls below that of NH whites and Hispanics. Methods: We acquired data on all live births in the US from January 1995 to December 2019. We arrayed 63 million live births into 293 "conception cohort" months of which 2,475,928 NH Black, 5,746,953 NH white, and 2,511,450 Hispanic infants were PTB. We used linear regression methods to identify trend and seasonal patterns in PTB sex ratios. We also examined subgroup differences in PTB sex ratios (e.g., advanced maternal ages, twin gestations, and narrower gestational age ranges). Results: The mean PTB sex ratio for NH Black births over the entire test period (1.06, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.05, 1.07) is much lower than that for NH white births (1.18, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.19). NH Black PTB sex ratios are especially low for twins and for births to mothers 35 years or older. Only NH white PTB sex ratios show a trend over the test period. Conclusions: Analysis of over 10 million PTBs reveals a persistently low male PTB frequency among NH Black conception cohorts relative to NH white cohorts. Low PTB sex ratios among NH Black births concentrate among subgroups that show an elevated risk of fetal death. PTB sex ratios may serve as an indicator of racial/ethnic and subgroup differences in fetal death, especially among male gestations.
MeSH term(s)	Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Humans ; Female ; Premature Birth/epidemiology ; Ethnicity ; Black People ; Hispanic or Latino ; Fetal Death
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0295557
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