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Article: Shifting the paradigm: using disease outbreaks to build resilient health systems.

Durski, Kara N / Osterholm, Michael / Majumdar, Suman S / Nilles, Eric / Bausch, Daniel G / Atun, Rifat

BMJ global health

2020 Volume 5, Issue 5

MeSH term(s)	Disease Outbreaks ; Government Programs ; Humans ; Public Health
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2059-7908
ISSN	2059-7908
DOI	10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002499
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Design thinking during a health emergency: building a national data collection and reporting system.

Durski, Kara N / Singaravelu, Shalini / Naidoo, Dhamari / Djingarey, Mamoudou Harouna / Fall, Ibrahima Soce / Yahaya, Ali Ahmed / Aylward, Bruce / Osterholm, Michael / Formenty, Pierre

BMC public health

2020 Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 1896

Abstract: Background: Design thinking allows challenging problems to be redefined in order to identify alternative user-center strategies and solutions. To address the many challenges associated with collecting and reporting data during the 2014 Ebola outbreak in ...

Abstract	Background: Design thinking allows challenging problems to be redefined in order to identify alternative user-center strategies and solutions. To address the many challenges associated with collecting and reporting data during the 2014 Ebola outbreak in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, we used a design thinking approach to build the Global Ebola Laboratory Data collection and reporting system. Main text: We used the five-stage Design Thinking model proposed by Hasso-Plattner Institute of Design at Stanford in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone. This approach offers a flexible model which focuses on empathizing, defining, ideating, prototyping, and testing. A strong focus of the methodology includes end-users' feedback from the beginning to the end of the process. This is an iterative methodology that continues to adapt according to the needs of the system. The stages do not need to be sequential and can be run in parallel, out of order, and repeated as necessary. Design thinking was used to develop a data collection and reporting system, which contains all laboratory data from the three countries during one of the most complicated multi-country outbreaks to date. The data collection and reporting system was used to orient the response interventions at the district, national, and international levels within the three countries including generating situation reports, monitoring the epidemiological and operational situations, providing forecasts of the epidemic, and supporting Ebola-related research and the Ebola National Survivors programs within each country. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the numerous benefits that arise when using a design thinking methodology during an outbreak to solve acute challenges within the national health information system and the authors recommend it's use during future complex outbreaks.
MeSH term(s)	Data Collection ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Epidemics ; Guinea ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/prevention & control ; Humans ; Liberia ; Sierra Leone/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041338-5
ISSN	1471-2458 ; 1471-2458
ISSN (online)	1471-2458
ISSN	1471-2458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-020-10006-x
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Shifting the paradigm

Rifat Atun / Kara N Durski / Michael Osterholm / Suman S Majumdar / Eric Nilles / Daniel G Bausch

BMJ Global Health, Vol 5, Iss

using disease outbreaks to build resilient health systems

2020 Volume 5

Keywords	Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMJ Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A global, multi-disciplinary, multi-sectorial initiative to combat leptospirosis: Global Leptospirosis Environmental Action Network (GLEAN).

Durski, Kara N / Jancloes, Michel / Chowdhary, Tej / Bertherat, Eric

International journal of environmental research and public health

2014 Volume 11, Issue 6, Page(s) 6000–6008

Abstract: Leptospirosis has emerged as a major public health problem in both animals and humans. The true burden of this epidemic and endemic disease is likely to be grossly under-estimated due to the non-specific clinical presentations of the disease and the ... ...

Abstract	Leptospirosis has emerged as a major public health problem in both animals and humans. The true burden of this epidemic and endemic disease is likely to be grossly under-estimated due to the non-specific clinical presentations of the disease and the difficulty of laboratory confirmation. The complexity that surrounds the transmission dynamics, particularly in epidemic situations, requires a coordinated, multi-disciplinary effort. Therefore, the Global Leptospirosis Environmental Action Network (GLEAN) was developed to improve global and local strategies of how to predict, prevent, detect, and intervene in leptospirosis outbreaks in order to prevent and control leptospirosis in high-risk populations.
MeSH term(s)	Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Endemic Diseases/prevention & control ; Humans ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; International Cooperation ; Leptospirosis/prevention & control ; Leptospirosis/transmission
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-06-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph110606000
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Article ; Online: A Global, Multi-Disciplinary, Multi-Sectorial Initiative to Combat Leptospirosis

Kara N. Durski / Michel Jancloes / Tej Chowdhary / Eric Bertherat

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 11, Iss 6, Pp 6000-

Global Leptospirosis Environmental Action Network (GLEAN)

2014 Volume 6008

Abstract	Leptospirosis has emerged as a major public health problem in both animals and humans. The true burden of this epidemic and endemic disease is likely to be grossly under-estimated due to the non-specific clinical presentations of the disease and the difficulty of laboratory confirmation. The complexity that surrounds the transmission dynamics, particularly in epidemic situations, requires a coordinated, multi-disciplinary effort. Therefore, the Global Leptospirosis Environmental Action Network (GLEAN) was developed to improve global and local strategies of how to predict, prevent, detect, and intervene in leptospirosis outbreaks in order to prevent and control leptospirosis in high-risk populations.
Keywords	leptospirosis ; One Health ; outbreak ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Design thinking during a health emergency

Kara N. Durski / Shalini Singaravelu / Dhamari Naidoo / Mamoudou Harouna Djingarey / Ibrahima Soce Fall / Ali Ahmed Yahaya / Bruce Aylward / Michael Osterholm / Pierre Formenty

BMC Public Health, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 1-

building a national data collection and reporting system

2020 Volume 6

Abstract: Abstract Background Design thinking allows challenging problems to be redefined in order to identify alternative user-center strategies and solutions. To address the many challenges associated with collecting and reporting data during the 2014 Ebola ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Design thinking allows challenging problems to be redefined in order to identify alternative user-center strategies and solutions. To address the many challenges associated with collecting and reporting data during the 2014 Ebola outbreak in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, we used a design thinking approach to build the Global Ebola Laboratory Data collection and reporting system. Main text We used the five-stage Design Thinking model proposed by Hasso-Plattner Institute of Design at Stanford in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone. This approach offers a flexible model which focuses on empathizing, defining, ideating, prototyping, and testing. A strong focus of the methodology includes end-users’ feedback from the beginning to the end of the process. This is an iterative methodology that continues to adapt according to the needs of the system. The stages do not need to be sequential and can be run in parallel, out of order, and repeated as necessary. Design thinking was used to develop a data collection and reporting system, which contains all laboratory data from the three countries during one of the most complicated multi-country outbreaks to date. The data collection and reporting system was used to orient the response interventions at the district, national, and international levels within the three countries including generating situation reports, monitoring the epidemiological and operational situations, providing forecasts of the epidemic, and supporting Ebola-related research and the Ebola National Survivors programs within each country. Conclusions Our study demonstrates the numerous benefits that arise when using a design thinking methodology during an outbreak to solve acute challenges within the national health information system and the authors recommend it’s use during future complex outbreaks.
Keywords	Design thinking ; Information Management System ; Disease outbreaks ; Data systems ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	670
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Rapid tests for diagnosis of leptospirosis: current tools and emerging technologies.

Picardeau, Mathieu / Bertherat, Eric / Jancloes, Michel / Skouloudis, Andreas N / Durski, Kara / Hartskeerl, Rudy A

Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease

2014 Volume 78, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–8

Abstract: Leptospirosis is an emerging zoonosis with a worldwide distribution but is more commonly found in impoverished populations in developing countries and tropical regions with frequent flooding. The rapid detection of leptospirosis is a critical step to ... ...

Abstract	Leptospirosis is an emerging zoonosis with a worldwide distribution but is more commonly found in impoverished populations in developing countries and tropical regions with frequent flooding. The rapid detection of leptospirosis is a critical step to effectively manage the disease and to control outbreaks in both human and animal populations. Therefore, there is a need for accurate and rapid diagnostic tests and appropriate surveillance and alert systems to identify outbreaks. This review describes current in-house methods and commercialized tests for the rapid diagnosis of acute leptospirosis. It focuses on diagnostic tests that can be performed with minimal training and limited equipment in less-developed and newly industrialized countries, particularly in resource-limited settings and with results in minutes to less than 4 hours. We also describe recent technological advances in the field of diagnostic tests that could allow for the development of innovative rapid tests in the near future.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bacteriological Techniques/methods ; Bacteriological Techniques/trends ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine/methods ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine/trends ; Humans ; Leptospirosis/diagnosis ; Leptospirosis/veterinary
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	604920-5
ISSN	1879-0070 ; 0732-8893
ISSN (online)	1879-0070
ISSN	0732-8893
DOI	10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2013.09.012
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Article: A health systems resilience research agenda: moving from concept to practice.

BMJ global health

2021 Volume 6, Issue 8

Abstract: Health system resilience, known as the ability for health systems to absorb, adapt or transform to maintain essential functions when stressed or shocked, has quickly gained popularity following shocks like COVID-19. The concept is relatively new in ... ...

Abstract	Health system resilience, known as the ability for health systems to absorb, adapt or transform to maintain essential functions when stressed or shocked, has quickly gained popularity following shocks like COVID-19. The concept is relatively new in health policy and systems research and the existing research remains mostly theoretical. Research to date has viewed resilience as an outcome that can be measured through performance outcomes, as an ability of complex adaptive systems that is derived from dynamic behaviour and interactions, or as both. However, there is little congruence on the theory and the existing frameworks have not been widely used, which as diluted the research applications for health system resilience. A global group of health system researchers were convened in March 2021 to discuss and identify priorities for health system resilience research and implementation based on lessons from COVID-19 and other health emergencies. Five research priority areas were identified: (1) measuring and managing systems dynamic performance, (2) the linkages between societal resilience and health system resilience, (3) the effect of governance on the capacity for resilience, (4) creating legitimacy and (5) the influence of the private sector on health system resilience. A key to filling these research gaps will be longitudinal and comparative case studies that use cocreation and coproduction approaches that go beyond researchers to include policy-makers, practitioners and the public.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Emergencies ; Government Programs ; Health Policy ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ISSN	2059-7908
ISSN	2059-7908
DOI	10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006779
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: An outbreak investigation of congenital rubella syndrome in Solomon Islands, 2013.

Durski, Kara N / Tituli, Carol / Ogaoga, Divi / Musto, Jennie / Joshua, Cynthia / Dofai, Alfred / Leydon, Jennie / Nilles, Eric

Western Pacific surveillance and response journal : WPSAR

2016 Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) 10–13

Abstract: Introduction: During May 2012, a rubella outbreak was declared in Solomon Islands. A suspected case of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) was reported from one hospital 11 months later in 2013. This report describes the subsequent CRS investigation, ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: During May 2012, a rubella outbreak was declared in Solomon Islands. A suspected case of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) was reported from one hospital 11 months later in 2013. This report describes the subsequent CRS investigation, findings and measures implemented. Methods: Prospective CRS surveillance was conducted at the newborn nursery, paediatric and post-natal wards, and the paediatric cardiology and ophthalmology clinics of the study hospital from April to July 2013. Retrospective case finding by reviewing medical records was also undertaken to identify additional cases born between January and March 2013 for the same wards and clinics. Cases were identified using established World Health Organization case definitions for CRS. Results: A total of 13 CRS cases were identified, including two laboratory-confirmed, four clinically confirmed and seven suspected cases. Five CRS cases were retrospectively identified, including four suspected and one clinically confirmed case. There was no geospatial clustering of residences. The mothers of the cases were aged between 20 and 36 years. Three of the six mothers available for interview recalled an acute illness with rash during the first trimester of pregnancy. Discussion: Additional CRS cases not captured in this investigation are likely. Caring for CRS cases is a challenge in resource-poor settings. Rubella vaccination is safe and effective and can prevent the serious consequences of CRS. Well planned and funded vaccination activities can prevent future CRS cases.
MeSH term(s)	Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Melanesia/epidemiology ; Population Surveillance ; Prospective Studies ; Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-02-03
Publishing country	Philippines
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2592503-9
ISSN	2094-7313 ; 2094-7313
ISSN (online)	2094-7313
ISSN	2094-7313
DOI	10.5365/WPSAR.2015.6.4.005
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Article ; Online: Emergence of Monkeypox - West and Central Africa, 1970-2017.

Durski, Kara N / McCollum, Andrea M / Nakazawa, Yoshinori / Petersen, Brett W / Reynolds, Mary G / Briand, Sylvie / Djingarey, Mamoudou Harouna / Olson, Victoria / Damon, Inger K / Khalakdina, Asheena

MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report

2018 Volume 67, Issue 10, Page(s) 306–310

Abstract: The recent apparent increase in human monkeypox cases across a wide geographic area, the potential for further spread, and the lack of reliable surveillance have raised the level of concern for this emerging zoonosis. In November 2017, the World Health ... ...

Abstract	The recent apparent increase in human monkeypox cases across a wide geographic area, the potential for further spread, and the lack of reliable surveillance have raised the level of concern for this emerging zoonosis. In November 2017, the World Health Organization (WHO), in collaboration with CDC, hosted an informal consultation on monkeypox with researchers, global health partners, ministries of health, and orthopoxvirus experts to review and discuss human monkeypox in African countries where cases have been recently detected and also identify components of surveillance and response that need improvement. Endemic human monkeypox has been reported from more countries in the past decade than during the previous 40 years. Since 2016, confirmed cases of monkeypox have occurred in Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Liberia, Nigeria, Republic of the Congo, and Sierra Leone and in captive chimpanzees in Cameroon. Many countries with endemic monkeypox lack recent experience and specific knowledge about the disease to detect cases, treat patients, and prevent further spread of the virus. Specific improvements in surveillance capacity, laboratory diagnostics, and infection control measures are needed to launch an efficient response. Further, gaps in knowledge about the epidemiology and ecology of the virus need to be addressed to design, recommend, and implement needed prevention and control measures.
MeSH term(s)	Africa, Central/epidemiology ; Africa, Western/epidemiology ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging ; Humans ; Mpox (monkeypox)/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-03-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	412775-4
ISSN	1545-861X ; 0149-2195
ISSN (online)	1545-861X
ISSN	0149-2195
DOI	10.15585/mmwr.mm6710a5
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