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  1. Article ; Online: Balancing Flexibility and Interference in Working Memory.

    Buschman, Timothy J

    Annual review of vision science

    2021  Volume 7, Page(s) 367–388

    Abstract: Working memory is central to cognition, flexibly holding the variety of thoughts needed for complex behavior. Yet, despite its importance, working memory has a severely limited capacity, holding only three to four items at once. In this article, I review ...

    Abstract Working memory is central to cognition, flexibly holding the variety of thoughts needed for complex behavior. Yet, despite its importance, working memory has a severely limited capacity, holding only three to four items at once. In this article, I review experimental and computational evidence that the flexibility and limited capacity of working memory reflect the same underlying neural mechanism. I argue that working memory relies on interactions between high-dimensional, integrative representations in the prefrontal cortex and structured representations in the sensory cortex. Together, these interactions allow working memory to flexibly maintain arbitrary representations. However, the distributed nature of working memory comes at the cost of causing interference between items in memory, resulting in a limited capacity. Finally, I discuss several mechanisms used by the brain to reduce interference and maximize the effective capacity of working memory.
    MeSH term(s) Brain ; Cognition ; Memory, Short-Term ; Parietal Lobe ; Prefrontal Cortex
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2805730-2
    ISSN 2374-4650 ; 2374-4642
    ISSN (online) 2374-4650
    ISSN 2374-4642
    DOI 10.1146/annurev-vision-100419-104831
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  2. Article ; Online: In V1, attending is not learning to see.

    Jahn, Caroline I / Buschman, Timothy J

    Neuron

    2022  Volume 110, Issue 4, Page(s) 561–563

    Abstract: Learning and attention improve perception by increasing information about a stimulus in the neural population. In this issue of Neuron, Poort et al. investigate the circuit mechanisms underlying attention and learning, finding they work through different ...

    Abstract Learning and attention improve perception by increasing information about a stimulus in the neural population. In this issue of Neuron, Poort et al. investigate the circuit mechanisms underlying attention and learning, finding they work through different mechanisms.
    MeSH term(s) Attention/physiology ; Learning ; Neurons/physiology ; Visual Cortex/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 808167-0
    ISSN 1097-4199 ; 0896-6273
    ISSN (online) 1097-4199
    ISSN 0896-6273
    DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.01.032
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2496: Show issues Location:
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  3. Article ; Online: Working Memory Is Complex and Dynamic, Like Your Thoughts.

    Buschman, Timothy J / Miller, Earl K

    Journal of cognitive neuroscience

    2022  Volume 35, Issue 1, Page(s) 17–23

    Abstract: Working memory is where thoughts are held and manipulated. For many years, the dominant model was that working memory relied on steady-state neural dynamics. A neural representation was activated and then held in that state. However, as often happens, ... ...

    Abstract Working memory is where thoughts are held and manipulated. For many years, the dominant model was that working memory relied on steady-state neural dynamics. A neural representation was activated and then held in that state. However, as often happens, the more we examine working memory (especially with new technology), the more complex it looks. Recent discoveries show that working memory involves multiple mechanisms, including discontinuous bouts of spiking. Memories are also dynamic, evolving in a task-dependent manner. Cortical rhythms may control those dynamics, thereby endowing top-down "executive" control over our thoughts.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Memory, Short-Term ; Executive Function
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1007410-7
    ISSN 1530-8898 ; 0898-929X ; 1096-8857
    ISSN (online) 1530-8898
    ISSN 0898-929X ; 1096-8857
    DOI 10.1162/jocn_a_01940
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    Zs.A 2623: Show issues Location:
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  4. Article ; Online: Differences in the expression of cortex-wide neural dynamics are related to behavioral phenotype.

    MacDowell, Camden J / Briones, Brandy A / Lenzi, Michael J / Gustison, Morgan L / Buschman, Timothy J

    Current biology : CB

    2024  Volume 34, Issue 6, Page(s) 1333–1340.e6

    Abstract: Behavior differs across individuals, ranging from typical to atypical phenotypes. ...

    Abstract Behavior differs across individuals, ranging from typical to atypical phenotypes.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Mice ; Autism Spectrum Disorder ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Neural Pathways ; Brain ; Brain Mapping/methods ; Phenotype
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1071731-6
    ISSN 1879-0445 ; 0960-9822
    ISSN (online) 1879-0445
    ISSN 0960-9822
    DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.004
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    Zs.A 3208: Show issues Location:
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  5. Article ; Online: Shared mechanisms underlie the control of working memory and attention.

    Panichello, Matthew F / Buschman, Timothy J

    Nature

    2021  Volume 592, Issue 7855, Page(s) 601–605

    Abstract: Cognitive control guides behaviour by controlling what, when, and how information is represented in the ... ...

    Abstract Cognitive control guides behaviour by controlling what, when, and how information is represented in the brain
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Attention/physiology ; Macaca mulatta/physiology ; Male ; Memory, Short-Term/physiology ; Parietal Lobe/cytology ; Parietal Lobe/physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/cytology ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Visual Cortex/cytology ; Visual Cortex/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-31
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 120714-3
    ISSN 1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
    ISSN (online) 1476-4687
    ISSN 0028-0836
    DOI 10.1038/s41586-021-03390-w
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    Zs.MG 9: Show issues
    Zs.MO 244: Show issues

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  6. Article ; Online: Rotational dynamics reduce interference between sensory and memory representations.

    Libby, Alexandra / Buschman, Timothy J

    Nature neuroscience

    2021  Volume 24, Issue 5, Page(s) 715–726

    Abstract: Cognition depends on integrating sensory percepts with the memory of recent stimuli. However, the distributed nature of neural coding can lead to interference between sensory and memory representations. Here, we show that the brain mitigates such ... ...

    Abstract Cognition depends on integrating sensory percepts with the memory of recent stimuli. However, the distributed nature of neural coding can lead to interference between sensory and memory representations. Here, we show that the brain mitigates such interference by rotating sensory representations into orthogonal memory representations over time. To study how sensory inputs and memories are represented, we recorded neurons from the auditory cortex of mice as they implicitly learned sequences of sounds. We found that the neural population represented sensory inputs and the memory of recent stimuli in two orthogonal dimensions. The transformation of sensory information into a memory was facilitated by a combination of 'stable' neurons, which maintained their selectivity over time, and 'switching' neurons, which inverted their selectivity over time. Together, these neural responses rotated the population representation, transforming sensory inputs into memory. Theoretical modeling showed that this rotational dynamic is an efficient mechanism for generating orthogonal representations, thereby protecting memories from sensory interference.
    MeSH term(s) Acoustic Stimulation ; Animals ; Auditory Cortex/physiology ; Auditory Perception/physiology ; Cognition/physiology ; Memory/physiology ; Memory, Short-Term/physiology ; Mice ; Models, Neurological ; Neurons/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1420596-8
    ISSN 1546-1726 ; 1097-6256
    ISSN (online) 1546-1726
    ISSN 1097-6256
    DOI 10.1038/s41593-021-00821-9
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    Zs.A 4891: Show issues Location:
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    Zs.MG 67: Show issues

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  7. Article ; Online: Corvids optimize working memory by categorizing continuous stimuli.

    Apostel, Aylin / Panichello, Matthew / Buschman, Timothy J / Rose, Jonas

    Communications biology

    2023  Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) 1122

    Abstract: Working memory (WM) is a crucial element of the higher cognition of primates and corvid songbirds. Despite its importance, WM has a severely limited capacity and is vulnerable to noise. In primates, attractor dynamics mitigate the effect of noise by ... ...

    Abstract Working memory (WM) is a crucial element of the higher cognition of primates and corvid songbirds. Despite its importance, WM has a severely limited capacity and is vulnerable to noise. In primates, attractor dynamics mitigate the effect of noise by discretizing continuous information. Yet, it remains unclear whether similar dynamics are seen in avian brains. Here, we show jackdaws (Corvus monedula) have similar behavioral biases as humans; memories are less precise and more biased as memory demands increase. Model-based analysis reveal discrete attractors are evenly spread across the stimulus space. Altogether, our comparative approach suggests attractor dynamics in primates and corvids mitigate the effect of noise by systematically drifting towards specific attractors. By demonstrating this effect in an evolutionary distant species, our results strengthen attractor dynamics as general, adaptive biological principle to efficiently use WM.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Memory, Short-Term ; Brain ; Cognition ; Songbirds ; Primates
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2399-3642
    ISSN (online) 2399-3642
    DOI 10.1038/s42003-023-05442-5
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  8. Article ; Online: A Goldilocks theory of cognitive control: Balancing precision and efficiency with low-dimensional control states.

    MacDowell, Camden J / Tafazoli, Sina / Buschman, Timothy J

    Current opinion in neurobiology

    2022  Volume 76, Page(s) 102606

    Abstract: Cognitive control orchestrates interactions between brain regions, guiding the transformation of information to support contextually appropriate and goal-directed behaviors. In this review, we propose a hierarchical model of cognitive control where low- ... ...

    Abstract Cognitive control orchestrates interactions between brain regions, guiding the transformation of information to support contextually appropriate and goal-directed behaviors. In this review, we propose a hierarchical model of cognitive control where low-dimensional control states direct the flow of high-dimensional representations between regions. This allows cognitive control to flexibly adapt to new environments and maintain the representational capacity to capture the richness of the world.
    MeSH term(s) Cognition
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1078046-4
    ISSN 1873-6882 ; 0959-4388
    ISSN (online) 1873-6882
    ISSN 0959-4388
    DOI 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102606
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    Zs.A 3260: Show issues Location:
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  9. Article: The neural basis of swap errors in working memory.

    Alleman, Matteo / Panichello, Matthew / Buschman, Timothy J / Johnston, W Jeffrey

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2023  

    Abstract: When making decisions in a cluttered world, humans and other animals often have to hold multiple items in memory at once - such as the different items on a shopping list. Psychophysical experiments in humans and other animals have shown remembered ... ...

    Abstract When making decisions in a cluttered world, humans and other animals often have to hold multiple items in memory at once - such as the different items on a shopping list. Psychophysical experiments in humans and other animals have shown remembered stimuli can sometimes become confused, with participants reporting chimeric stimuli composed of features from different stimuli. In particular, subjects will often make "swap errors" where they misattribute a feature from one object as belonging to another object. While swap errors have been described behaviorally, their neural mechanisms are unknown. Here, we elucidate these neural mechanisms through trial-by-trial analysis of neural population recordings from posterior and frontal brain regions while monkeys perform two multi-stimulus working memory tasks. In these tasks, monkeys were cued to report the color of an item that either was previously shown at a corresponding location (requiring selection from working memory) or will be shown at the corresponding location (requiring attention to a position). Animals made swap errors in both tasks. In the neural data, we find evidence that the neural correlates of swap errors emerged when correctly remembered information is selected incorrectly from working memory. This led to a representation of the distractor color as if it were the target color, underlying the eventual swap error. We did not find consistent evidence that swap errors arose from misinterpretation of the cue or errors during encoding or storage in working memory. These results suggest an alternative to established views on the neural origins of swap errors, and highlight selection from and manipulation in working memory as crucial - yet surprisingly brittle - neural processes.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.10.09.561584
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  10. Article: Building compositional tasks with shared neural subspaces.

    Tafazoli, Sina / Bouchacourt, Flora M / Ardalan, Adel / Markov, Nikola T / Uchimura, Motoaki / Mattar, Marcelo G / Daw, Nathaniel D / Buschman, Timothy J

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2024  

    Abstract: Cognition is remarkably flexible; we are able to rapidly learn and perform many different ... ...

    Abstract Cognition is remarkably flexible; we are able to rapidly learn and perform many different tasks
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2024.01.31.578263
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