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  1. Article ; Online: Reply to Mehrotra et al. Wastewater-Based Surveillance Does Not Belong in a Regulatory Framework Designed to Protect Waters That Receive Treated Wastewater. Comment on "Wright, T.; Adhikari, A. Utilizing a National Wastewater Monitoring Program to Address the U.S. Opioid Epidemic: A Focus on Metro Atlanta, Georgia.

    Wright, Tamara / Adhikari, Atin

    International journal of environmental research and public health

    2023  Volume 20, Issue 17

    Abstract: We are honored that authors are reading our manuscript [ ... ]. ...

    Abstract We are honored that authors are reading our manuscript [...].
    MeSH term(s) Georgia ; Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Monitoring ; Wastewater ; Opioid Epidemic ; Public Health ; Analgesics, Opioid
    Chemical Substances Wastewater ; Analgesics, Opioid
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-24
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2175195-X
    ISSN 1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
    ISSN (online) 1660-4601
    ISSN 1661-7827
    DOI 10.3390/ijerph20176637
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Utilizing a National Wastewater Monitoring Program to Address the U.S. Opioid Epidemic: A Focus on Metro Atlanta, Georgia.

    Wright, Tamara / Adhikari, Atin

    International journal of environmental research and public health

    2023  Volume 20, Issue 7

    Abstract: The opioid epidemic has continued to be an ongoing public health crisis within Metro Atlanta for the last three decades. However, estimating opioid use and exposure in a large population is almost impossible, and alternative methods are being explored, ... ...

    Abstract The opioid epidemic has continued to be an ongoing public health crisis within Metro Atlanta for the last three decades. However, estimating opioid use and exposure in a large population is almost impossible, and alternative methods are being explored, including wastewater-based epidemiology. Wastewater contains various contaminants that can be monitored to track pathogens, infectious diseases, viruses, opioids, and more. This commentary is focusing on two issues: use of opioid residue data in wastewater as an alternative method for opioid exposure assessment in the community, and the adoption of a streamlined approach that can be utilized by public health officials. Opioid metabolites travel through the sanitary sewer through urine, fecal matter, and improper disposal of opioids to local wastewater treatment plants. Public health officials and researchers within various entities have utilized numerous approaches to reduce the impacts associated with opioid use. National wastewater monitoring programs and wastewater-based epidemiology are approaches that have been utilized globally by researchers and public health officials to combat the opioid epidemic. Currently, public health officials and policy makers within Metro Atlanta are exploring different solutions to reduce opioid use and opioid-related deaths throughout the community. In this commentary, we are proposing a new innovative approach for monitoring opioid use and analyzing trends by utilizing wastewater-based epidemiologic methods, which may help public health officials worldwide manage the opioid epidemic in a large metro area in the future.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use ; Georgia/epidemiology ; Wastewater ; Opioid Epidemic ; Opioid-Related Disorders/epidemiology ; Opioid-Related Disorders/drug therapy
    Chemical Substances Analgesics, Opioid ; Wastewater
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-28
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2175195-X
    ISSN 1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
    ISSN (online) 1660-4601
    ISSN 1661-7827
    DOI 10.3390/ijerph20075282
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  3. Article ; Online: Utilizing a National Wastewater Monitoring Program to Address the U.S. Opioid Epidemic

    Tamara Wright / Atin Adhikari

    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 20, Iss 5282, p

    A Focus on Metro Atlanta, Georgia

    2023  Volume 5282

    Abstract: The opioid epidemic has continued to be an ongoing public health crisis within Metro Atlanta for the last three decades. However, estimating opioid use and exposure in a large population is almost impossible, and alternative methods are being explored, ... ...

    Abstract The opioid epidemic has continued to be an ongoing public health crisis within Metro Atlanta for the last three decades. However, estimating opioid use and exposure in a large population is almost impossible, and alternative methods are being explored, including wastewater-based epidemiology. Wastewater contains various contaminants that can be monitored to track pathogens, infectious diseases, viruses, opioids, and more. This commentary is focusing on two issues: use of opioid residue data in wastewater as an alternative method for opioid exposure assessment in the community, and the adoption of a streamlined approach that can be utilized by public health officials. Opioid metabolites travel through the sanitary sewer through urine, fecal matter, and improper disposal of opioids to local wastewater treatment plants. Public health officials and researchers within various entities have utilized numerous approaches to reduce the impacts associated with opioid use. National wastewater monitoring programs and wastewater-based epidemiology are approaches that have been utilized globally by researchers and public health officials to combat the opioid epidemic. Currently, public health officials and policy makers within Metro Atlanta are exploring different solutions to reduce opioid use and opioid-related deaths throughout the community. In this commentary, we are proposing a new innovative approach for monitoring opioid use and analyzing trends by utilizing wastewater-based epidemiologic methods, which may help public health officials worldwide manage the opioid epidemic in a large metro area in the future.
    Keywords wastewater-based epidemiology ; public health ; opioids ; wastewater discharges ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 306
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Comparing Particulate Matter Exposures During Two Work Shifts in a Large University Dining Commons Kitchen

    Shalom Emmanuel / Atin Adhikari

    Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 14-

    2023  Volume 24

    Abstract: Objective: Cooking emits a huge concentration of indoor air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM). Exposure to PM can lead to long-term adverse respiratory effects among workers engaged in cooking. Only a few studies have measured cooking-related ...

    Abstract Objective: Cooking emits a huge concentration of indoor air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM). Exposure to PM can lead to long-term adverse respiratory effects among workers engaged in cooking. Only a few studies have measured cooking-related air pollutants in large school cafeterias where young student workers are frequently employed. The objective of this research was to compare stationary exposures to PM from cooking during two work shifts at a very large university dining commons kitchen. Methods: Number concentrations of PM of varying aerodynamic sizes (1, 2.5, 5, and 10 µm) were measured at the back kitchen, DC grill, and brick oven during two work shifts using the CEM DT-9881 air monitor and mass concentrations of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 were measured simultaneously using the DustTrakTM aerosol monitor. PM number concentrations were higher in the afternoon shift than in the evening shift. Results: The mean number concentrations of PM2.5, PM5, and PM10 during the afternoon shift were 1,335,783, 320,471, and 87,915 particles/m3 respectively. In the evening shift, the values were 207,020, 23,745, and 4,146 particles/m3 respectively. The mass concentrations of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 were higher during the afternoon shift compared to the evening shift. PM2.5 levels at the back kitchen and PM10 levels at the brick oven exceeded the 24h US-EPA NAAQ and WHO mean standards. The brick oven had the highest concentrations of PM compared to the other cooking sites. Conclusion: The increased concentration of PM could be associated with increased cooking activities and the number of staff.
    Keywords particulate matter ; air pollutants ; restaurant workers ; school cafeteria ; cooking ; exposure assessment ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Georgia Southern University
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article: Childhood Asthma-Management Practices in Rural Nigeria: Exploring the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Caregivers in Oyo State.

    Akinso, Oyindamola / Adhikari, Atin / Yin, Jingjing / Chopak-Foss, Joanne / Shah, Gulzar

    Children (Basel, Switzerland)

    2023  Volume 10, Issue 6

    Abstract: Background: ...

    Abstract Background:
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-11
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2732685-8
    ISSN 2227-9067
    ISSN 2227-9067
    DOI 10.3390/children10061043
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Air Quality and Cancer Prevalence Trends across the Sub-Saharan African Regions during 2005-2020.

    Okunromade, Omolola / Yin, Jingjing / Ray, Clara / Adhikari, Atin

    International journal of environmental research and public health

    2022  Volume 19, Issue 18

    Abstract: Poor air quality and environmental pollution remain some of the main etiological factors leading to cancers and cancer-related deaths worldwide. As a result of human activities, deleterious airborne chemicals can be dispersed not only in the environment ... ...

    Abstract Poor air quality and environmental pollution remain some of the main etiological factors leading to cancers and cancer-related deaths worldwide. As a result of human activities, deleterious airborne chemicals can be dispersed not only in the environment but also released in occupational environments and industrial areas. Air pollutants and cancer links are now established through various oxidative stress-related mechanisms and related DNA damages. Generally, ambient and indoor air pollutants have been understudied in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) compared to other regions in the world. Our study not only highlights the deleterious effects of air pollutants in these developing countries, but it has strived to examine the trends and correlations between cancers and some air pollutants-carbon dioxide, other greenhouse gases, PM
    MeSH term(s) Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology ; Air Pollutants/analysis ; Air Pollution/adverse effects ; Air Pollution/analysis ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; Greenhouse Gases/analysis ; Humans ; Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; Prevalence
    Chemical Substances Air Pollutants ; Greenhouse Gases ; Particulate Matter ; Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2175195-X
    ISSN 1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
    ISSN (online) 1660-4601
    ISSN 1661-7827
    DOI 10.3390/ijerph191811342
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  7. Article ; Online: Release of VOCs, Gasses, and Bacteria from Contaminated Landings and Creeks of Ogeechee River Basin.

    Clower, Victoria / Sparrow, Melanie / Adhikari, Atin

    International journal of environmental research and public health

    2022  Volume 19, Issue 16

    Abstract: River landings are common public grounds, visited by many people every day. The aftermath of visiting these places may be unsettling since much trash is left behind and scattered throughout. The litter collects and with each rain or high wind, it has a ... ...

    Abstract River landings are common public grounds, visited by many people every day. The aftermath of visiting these places may be unsettling since much trash is left behind and scattered throughout. The litter collects and with each rain or high wind, it has a better chance of ending up in our streams, rivers, creeks, and eventually our oceans. The main purpose of this study was to measure both air and water quality throughout the Ogeechee River basin in South Georgia to determine how each was impacted by trash. Ammonia, methane, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) along with temperature and humidity were also measured for air quality. Water quality parameters for this study were derived from the Georgia Adopt-A-Stream method. Conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, water temperature, and
    MeSH term(s) Bacteria ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Humans ; Rivers/chemistry ; Volatile Organic Compounds ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Water Pollution/analysis ; Water Quality
    Chemical Substances Volatile Organic Compounds ; Water Pollutants, Chemical
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-17
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2175195-X
    ISSN 1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
    ISSN (online) 1660-4601
    ISSN 1661-7827
    DOI 10.3390/ijerph191610210
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  8. Article ; Online: Air Pollutant Levels and Asthma Emergency Room Visits in a Highly Populous US Urban County During 2018-19

    Osaremhen Ikhile / Jingjing Yin / Atin Adhikari

    Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association, Vol 8, Iss 3, Pp 140-

    2022  Volume 151

    Abstract: Objective: Air pollutants are linked to asthma exacerbation. The study purpose was to demonstrate an association between air pollutants levels and asthma emergency room (ER) visit trends in a highly populated US urban county in Georgia during 2018-2019. ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Air pollutants are linked to asthma exacerbation. The study purpose was to demonstrate an association between air pollutants levels and asthma emergency room (ER) visit trends in a highly populated US urban county in Georgia during 2018-2019. Methods: Time series analyses were conducted for the variations in daily numbers of children and adult asthma emergency room visits and changes in daily mean PM2.5, daily mean PM10 concentrations, daily max 1-hour SO2 concentrations, daily max 1-hour NO2 concentrations, daily max 8-hour ozone concentrations, and airborne pollen loads for 2018 to 2019 and potential trends were estimated by using the autoregressive integrated moving average or ARIMA model. Results: During 2018-2019, 15,418 asthma-related ER visits occurred. The pollutants NO2, PM2.5, PM10, and pollen were strong predictors of children's asthma ER visits between 2018 and 2019. No significant associations were observed between the levels of SO2, ozone, and children's asthma emergency ER visits. Conclusions: The findings from this time series study strongly suggest that there is a significant contributing relationship between certain air pollutants (NO2, PM2.5, PM10, and pollen) and asthma ER visits in children.
    Keywords air pollutants ; asthma ; ambient air quality ; emergency room visit ; fulton county ; georgia ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Georgia Southern University
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Short-Term Effects of Ambient Ozone, PM

    Adhikari, Atin / Yin, Jingjing

    International journal of environmental research and public health

    2020  Volume 17, Issue 11

    Abstract: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2, has been rapidly increasing in the United States. Boroughs of New York City, including Queens county, turn out to be the epicenters of this infection. According to the ... ...

    Abstract The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2, has been rapidly increasing in the United States. Boroughs of New York City, including Queens county, turn out to be the epicenters of this infection. According to the data provided by the New York State Department of Health, most of the cases of new COVID-19 infections in New York City have been found in the Queens county where 42,023 people have tested positive, and 3221 people have died as of 20 April 2020. Person-to-person transmission and travels were implicated in the initial spread of the outbreaks, but factors related to the late phase of rapidly spreading outbreaks in March and April are still uncertain. A few previous studies have explored the links between air pollution and COVID-19 infections, but more data is needed to understand the effects of short-term exposures of air pollutants and meteorological factors on the spread of COVID-19 infections, particularly in the U.S. disease epicenters. In this study, we have focused on ozone and PM
    MeSH term(s) Air Pollution/analysis ; Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Female ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Meteorological Concepts ; New York City/epidemiology ; Ozone/analysis ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2
    Chemical Substances Ozone (66H7ZZK23N)
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-05
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2175195-X
    ISSN 1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
    ISSN (online) 1660-4601
    ISSN 1661-7827
    DOI 10.3390/ijerph17114047
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  10. Article: Exposure Levels of Airborne Fungi, Bacteria, and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Cotton Farms during Cotton Harvesting and Evaluations of N95 Respirators against These Bioaerosols.

    Adhikari, Atin / Banerjee, Pratik / Thornton, Taylor / Jones, Daleniece Higgins / Adeoye, Caleb / Sherpa, Sonam

    Microorganisms

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 6

    Abstract: The USA is the third-leading cotton-producing country worldwide and cotton farming is common in the state of Georgia. Cotton harvest can be a significant contributor to airborne microbial exposures to farmers and nearby rural communities. The use of ... ...

    Abstract The USA is the third-leading cotton-producing country worldwide and cotton farming is common in the state of Georgia. Cotton harvest can be a significant contributor to airborne microbial exposures to farmers and nearby rural communities. The use of respirators or masks is one of the viable options for reducing organic dust and bioaerosol exposures among farmers. Unfortunately, the OSHA Respiratory Protection Standard (29 CFR Part 1910.134) does not apply to agricultural workplaces and the filtration efficiency of N95 respirators was never field-tested against airborne microorganisms and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during cotton harvesting. This study addressed these two information gaps. Airborne culturable microorganisms were sampled using an SAS Super 100 Air Sampler in three cotton farms during cotton harvesting, and colonies were counted and converted to airborne concentrations. Genomic DNA was extracted from air samples using a PowerSoil
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-12
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms11061561
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