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Article ; Online: Use of mechanistic information to derive chemical-specific adjustment factors - Refinement of risk assessment.

Smeraldi, C / Giarola, A / Aggett, P J / Moldeus, P / Gundert-Remy, U

Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP

2020 Volume 117, Page(s) 104776

Abstract: When extrapolating data from animal toxicological studies a default factor (dUF) of 100 is applied to derive a heath based guidance value. The UF takes into account the interspecies differences (ID) and the intraspecies variability (IV). When re- ... ...

Abstract	When extrapolating data from animal toxicological studies a default factor (dUF) of 100 is applied to derive a heath based guidance value. The UF takes into account the interspecies differences (ID) and the intraspecies variability (IV). When re-evaluating the safety of phosphates used as food additives nephrocalcinosis was identified as the critical endpoint. The underlying mechanism for nephrocalcinosis was attributed to the precipitation of calcium phosphate in the kidney, depending on its solubility, irrespective of the species and the population. Based on the mechanism, the volume of primary urine, for which the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was used as a proxy, was considered to be the only parameter relevant for ID and IV. Median value of GFR in rats was 4.0 ml/min/kg bw. In humans it was 1.6 ml/min/kg bw in healthy adults and 0.9 in elderly. These values were calculated from the distribution of the GFR data from 8 studies in rats (n = 191), 16 studies in adults (n = 1540) and 5 studies in elderly (n = 2608). Multiplying the distribution of the ratio rat/healthy humans (ID) with the distribution of the ratio healthy humans/elderly human (IV) resulted in a phosphate specific factor of 4.5 (3.3-6.7) (median; 25th - 75th percentile).
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Calcium Phosphates/metabolism ; Calcium Phosphates/toxicity ; Glomerular Filtration Rate/drug effects ; Glomerular Filtration Rate/physiology ; Humans ; Kidney/drug effects ; Kidney/metabolism ; Nephrocalcinosis/chemically induced ; Nephrocalcinosis/metabolism ; Nephrocalcinosis/physiopathology ; Rats ; Risk Assessment ; Species Specificity
Chemical Substances	Calcium Phosphates ; calcium phosphate (97Z1WI3NDX)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-29
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604672-1
ISSN	1096-0295 ; 0273-2300
ISSN (online)	1096-0295
ISSN	0273-2300
DOI	10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104776
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Article ; Online: The use of categorical regression in the assessment of the risks of nutrient deficiency and excess

Farrell, Patrick J / Aggett, Peter / Milton, Brittany / Ramoju, Siva / Mattison, Don / Birkett, Nicholas / Krewski, Daniel

ALTEX

2022 Volume 39, Issue 4, Page(s) 656–666

Abstract: Exposure-response assessment methods have shifted towards more quantitative approaches, with health risk assessors exploring more statistically driven techniques. These assessments, however, usually rely on one critical health effect from a ... ...

Abstract	Exposure-response assessment methods have shifted towards more quantitative approaches, with health risk assessors exploring more statistically driven techniques. These assessments, however, usually rely on one critical health effect from a single key study. Categorical regression addresses this limitation by incorporating data from all relevant studies – including human, animal, and mechanistic studies – thereby including a broad spectrum of health endpoints and exposure levels for exposure-response analysis in an objective manner. Categorical regression requires the establishment of ordered response categories corresponding to increasingly severe adverse health outcomes and the availability of a comprehensive database that summarizes all data on different outcomes from different studies, including the exposure or dose at which these out-comes are observed and their severity. It has found application in the risk assessment of essential nutrients and trace metals. Since adverse effects may arise from either deficient or excess exposure, the exposure-response curve is U-shaped, which provides a basis for determining optimal intake levels that minimize the joint risks of deficiency and excess. This article provides an overview of the use of categorical regression fit exposure-response models incorporating data from multiple evidence streams. An extension of categorical regression that permits the simultaneous analysis of excess and deficiency toxicity data is presented and applied to comprehensive databases on copper and manganese. Future applications of cat-egorical regression will be able to make greater use of diverse data sets developed using new approach methodologies, which can be expected to provide valuable information on toxic responses of varying severity.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Copper/toxicity ; Databases, Factual ; Nutrients/deficiency ; Risk Assessment
Chemical Substances	Copper (789U1901C5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-30
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	165707-0
ISSN	1868-8551 ; 1018-4562 ; 0946-7785
ISSN (online)	1868-8551
ISSN	1018-4562 ; 0946-7785
DOI	10.14573/altex.2012022
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Article ; Online: Chapter 7. The Contributions of the ESPGHAN Committees on Nutrition to Paediatric Nutrition.

Hernell, Olle / Aggett, Peter / Fewtrell, Mary / Koletzko, Berthold / Rey, Jean

Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition

2018 Volume 66 Suppl 1, Page(s) S144–S153

Abstract: The first Committee on Nutrition (CoN) was founded in 1974. Two years later nutrition (N) was added to the society's name, which then became ESPGAN. The Committee systematised compositional and quality criteria for breast milk substitutes and food for ... ...

Abstract	The first Committee on Nutrition (CoN) was founded in 1974. Two years later nutrition (N) was added to the society's name, which then became ESPGAN. The Committee systematised compositional and quality criteria for breast milk substitutes and food for special medical purposes, the first of many examples on how recommendations and comments published by the Committees on Nutrition (CsoN) were adopted by the European Economic Community, later the European Union and also influenced the World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Codex standards. A second CoN focusing on preterm infants was established in 1979 and its recommendations on nutrition of these infants were widely implemented. The third and standing CoN, established 1986, started to organise high-quality symposia at the annual meetings appreciating the need to enhance the expertise in nutritional research. From 1991 the CoN has organised Summer Schools in paediatric nutrition for young colleagues further emphasising its educational interest and more recently an annual, more specialised Nutrition Masterclass. Successively the interest of the CoN has expanded to other areas, such as highlighting dilemmas and uncertainties in the field of nutrition including the design, choice of outcomes and statistical analysis of trials in infant nutrition. The work of the CsoN have had great impact on paediatric nutrition and the committee will continue its important role by writing commentaries and systematic reviews and revising guidelines when required to inform and stimulate discussion among colleagues as well as stimulate training in paediatric nutrition by organising workshops and scientific meetings, training courses, and other approaches, and by interaction with other expert groups.
MeSH term(s)	Anniversaries and Special Events ; Child ; Child Nutrition Sciences/history ; Child Nutrition Sciences/organization & administration ; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Europe ; Gastroenterology/history ; Gastroenterology/organization & administration ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Nutrition Disorders/history ; Nutritional Requirements ; Pediatrics/history ; Pediatrics/organization & administration ; Societies, Medical/history
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-03-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Historical Article ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603201-1
ISSN	1536-4801 ; 0277-2116
ISSN (online)	1536-4801
ISSN	0277-2116
DOI	10.1097/MPG.0000000000001918
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Article ; Online: The Influence of Precursor on the Preparation of CeO 2 Catalysts for the Total Oxidation of the Volatile Organic Compound Propane

Kieran Aggett / Thomas E. Davies / David J. Morgan / Dan Hewes / Stuart H. Taylor

Catalysts, Vol 11, Iss 1461, p

2021 Volume 1461

Abstract: CeO 2 catalysts were prepared by a precipitation method using either (NH 4 ) 2 Ce(NO 3 ) 6 or Ce(NO 3 ) 3 , as Ce IV or Ce III precursors respectively. The influence of the different precursors on catalytic activity was evaluated for the total oxidation ... ...

Abstract	CeO 2 catalysts were prepared by a precipitation method using either (NH 4 ) 2 Ce(NO 3 ) 6 or Ce(NO 3 ) 3 , as Ce IV or Ce III precursors respectively. The influence of the different precursors on catalytic activity was evaluated for the total oxidation of propane with water present in the feed. The catalyst prepared using the Ce IV precursor was more active for propane total oxidation. The choice of precursor influenced catalyst properties such as surface area, reducibility, morphology, and active oxygen species. The predominant factor associated with the catalytic activity was related to the formation of either CeO 2 .nH 2 O or Ce 2 (OH) 2 (CO 3 ) 2 .H 2 O precipitate species, formed prior to calcination. The formation of CeO 2 .nH 2 O resulted in enhanced surface area which was an important factor for controlling catalyst activity.
Keywords	VOC total oxidation ; cerium oxide ; propane oxidation ; cerium precursor ; Chemical technology ; TP1-1185 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	290
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Research priorities in complementary feeding: International Paediatric Association (IPA) and European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) workshop.

Aggett, P J

Pediatrics

2000 Volume 106, Issue 5, Page(s) 1271

MeSH term(s)	Child Development/physiology ; Developing Countries ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Food ; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/physiology ; Infant, Newborn ; Research Design
Language	English
Publishing date	2000-10-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Congress ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	207677-9
ISSN	1098-4275 ; 0031-4005
ISSN (online)	1098-4275
ISSN	0031-4005
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Zs.MO 357: Show issues

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Article: Trace elements of the micropremie.

Aggett, P J

Clinics in perinatology

2000 Volume 27, Issue 1, Page(s) 119–29, vi

Abstract: The current limited understanding of the ontogeny and mechanisms of the metabolism of iron, zinc, copper, selenium, iodine, and manganese in the micropremie are reviewed. The effects of early delivery on these processes are considered, as are the ... ...

Abstract	The current limited understanding of the ontogeny and mechanisms of the metabolism of iron, zinc, copper, selenium, iodine, and manganese in the micropremie are reviewed. The effects of early delivery on these processes are considered, as are the suggested amounts of these trace elements required for micropremies.
MeSH term(s)	Copper/metabolism ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature/metabolism ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight/metabolism ; Iodine/metabolism ; Iron/metabolism ; Manganese/metabolism ; Selenium/metabolism ; Trace Elements/metabolism ; Zinc/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Trace Elements ; Manganese (42Z2K6ZL8P) ; Copper (789U1901C5) ; Iodine (9679TC07X4) ; Iron (E1UOL152H7) ; Selenium (H6241UJ22B) ; Zinc (J41CSQ7QDS)
Language	English
Publishing date	2000-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	193116-7
ISSN	1557-9840 ; 0095-5108
ISSN (online)	1557-9840
ISSN	0095-5108
DOI	10.1016/s0095-5108(05)70009-9
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Article ; Online: 'Benign invigilation': using appreciative inquiry to reposition clinical risk in multi-disciplinary CAMH teams.

Aggett, Percy / Messent, Philip / Staines, John

Clinical child psychology and psychiatry

2013 Volume 18, Issue 2, Page(s) 260–269

Abstract: In response to a spate of serious untoward incident enquiries, CAMHS team leaders in East London, UK, embarked on a series of clinical risk workshops with staff teams. Complementary to what might be called retrospective organisational responses to high ... ...

Abstract	In response to a spate of serious untoward incident enquiries, CAMHS team leaders in East London, UK, embarked on a series of clinical risk workshops with staff teams. Complementary to what might be called retrospective organisational responses to high risk events, these prospective workshops were predicated on the idea that risk reduction is increased when individuals in teams are responsive to one another, when teams are positively risk-aware and when risk awareness is seen as having the capacity to predict what may go wrong in the future.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Child ; Child Behavior ; Child Health Services/methods ; Dangerous Behavior ; Humans ; Interprofessional Relations ; Mental Disorders/psychology ; Mental Disorders/therapy ; Mental Health Services/organization & administration ; Models, Organizational ; Patient Care Team/organization & administration ; Quality Improvement ; Risk Management/methods ; Risk Management/organization & administration
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1324235-0
ISSN	1461-7021 ; 1359-1045
ISSN (online)	1461-7021
ISSN	1359-1045
DOI	10.1177/1359104512450167
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Article ; Online: Scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level for selenium.

Turck, Dominique / Bohn, Torsten / Castenmiller, Jacqueline / de Henauw, Stefaan / Hirsch-Ernst, Karen-Ildico / Knutsen, Helle Katrine / Maciuk, Alexandre / Mangelsdorf, Inge / McArdle, Harry J / Peláez, Carmen / Pentieva, Kristina / Siani, Alfonso / Thies, Frank / Tsabouri, Sophia / Vinceti, Marco / Aggett, Peter / Crous Bou, Marta / Cubadda, Francesco / Ciccolallo, Laura /

de Sesmaisons Lecarré, Agnès / Fabiani, Lucia / Titz, Ariane / Naska, Androniki

EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority

2023 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) e07704

Abstract: Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level (UL) for selenium. Systematic reviews of the literature were ...

Abstract	Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level (UL) for selenium. Systematic reviews of the literature were conducted to identify evidence regarding excess selenium intake and clinical effects and potential biomarkers of effect, risk of chronic diseases and impaired neuropsychological development in humans. Alopecia, as an early observable feature and a well-established adverse effect of excess selenium exposure, is selected as the critical endpoint on which to base a UL for selenium. A lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level (LOAEL) of 330 μg/day is identified from a large randomised controlled trial in humans (the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT)), to which an uncertainty factor of 1.3 is applied. A UL of 255 μg/day is established for adult men and women (including pregnant and lactating women). ULs for children are derived from the UL for adults using allometric scaling (body weight
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2540248-1
ISSN	1831-4732 ; 1831-4732
ISSN (online)	1831-4732
ISSN	1831-4732
DOI	10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7704
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Article: An overview of the metabolism of copper.

Aggett, P J

European journal of medical research

1999 Volume 4, Issue 6, Page(s) 214–216

Abstract: Studies from animal models and in human volunteers have permitted to construct a provisional continuum of acceptable intakes of copper that would avoid copper deficiency and/or toxicity: acceptable intakes may vary between 10 and 50 mg/kg body weight. ...

Abstract	Studies from animal models and in human volunteers have permitted to construct a provisional continuum of acceptable intakes of copper that would avoid copper deficiency and/or toxicity: acceptable intakes may vary between 10 and 50 mg/kg body weight.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Animals ; Biological Transport, Active ; Copper/deficiency ; Copper/metabolism ; Copper/toxicity ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Liver/metabolism ; Nutritional Requirements
Chemical Substances	Copper (789U1901C5)
Language	English
Publishing date	1999-06-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1329381-3
ISSN	2047-783X ; 0949-2321
ISSN (online)	2047-783X
ISSN	0949-2321
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Article ; Online: Lower carbohydrate diets for adults with type 2 diabetes.

Singh, Mamta / Hung, Estella S / Cullum, Adrienne / Allen, Rachel E / Aggett, Peter J / Dyson, Pamela / Forouhi, Nita G / Greenwood, Darren C / Pryke, Rachel / Taylor, Roy / Twenefour, Douglas / Waxman, Ruth / Young, Ian S

Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association

2021 Volume 39, Issue 3, Page(s) e14674

MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diet therapy ; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted/methods ; Dietary Carbohydrates/adverse effects ; Humans ; Obesity/complications ; Overweight/complications
Chemical Substances	Dietary Carbohydrates
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	605769-x
ISSN	1464-5491 ; 0742-3071 ; 1466-5468
ISSN (online)	1464-5491
ISSN	0742-3071 ; 1466-5468
DOI	10.1111/dme.14674
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