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Article: The anti-inflammatory properties of cocoa flavanols.

Selmi, Carlo / Mao, Tin K / Keen, Carl L / Schmitz, Harold H / Eric Gershwin, M

2005 Volume 47 Suppl 2, Page(s) S163–71; discussion S172–6

Abstract: Signs of chronic or acute inflammation have been demonstrated in most cardiovascular diseases of multifactorial pathogenesis, including atherosclerosis and chronic heart failure. The triggers and mechanisms leading to inflammation may vary between ... ...

Abstract	Signs of chronic or acute inflammation have been demonstrated in most cardiovascular diseases of multifactorial pathogenesis, including atherosclerosis and chronic heart failure. The triggers and mechanisms leading to inflammation may vary between clinical conditions but they share many common mediators, including specific patterns of eicosanoid and cytokine production. Certain cocoa-based products can be rich in a subclass of flavonoids known as flavanols, some of which have been found in model systems to possess potential anti-inflammatory activity relevant to cardiovascular health. Indeed, experimental evidence demonstrates that some cocoa-derived flavanols can reduce the production and effect of pro-inflammatory mediators either directly or by acting on signaling pathways. However, it should be noted that the evidence for any beneficial effects of cocoa flavanols in providing a meaningful anti-inflammatory action has been gathered predominantly from in vitro experiments. Therefore, additional research in well-designed human clinical experiments, using cocoa properly characterized in terms of flavanol content, would be a welcome addition to the evidence base to determine unambiguously if this benefit does indeed exist. If so, then flavanol-rich cocoa could be a potential candidate for the treatment, or possibly prevention, of the broad array of chronic diseases that are linked to dysfunctional inflammatory responses.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology ; Biflavonoids/analysis ; Blood Platelets/drug effects ; Cacao/chemistry ; Cardiovascular Diseases/immunology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/pathology ; Catechin/analysis ; Cytokines/biosynthesis ; Eicosanoids/metabolism ; Flavonoids/pharmacology ; Humans ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide/physiology ; Proanthocyanidins/analysis
Chemical Substances	Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Biflavonoids ; Cytokines ; Eicosanoids ; Flavonoids ; NF-kappa B ; Proanthocyanidins ; Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH) ; procyanidin (4852-22-6) ; Catechin (8R1V1STN48)
Language	English
Publishing date	2005-09-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	391970-5
ISSN	1533-4023 ; 0160-2446
ISSN (online)	1533-4023
ISSN	0160-2446
DOI	10.1097/00005344-200606001-00010
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Zs.A 1471: Show issues

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Article: Sidechain biology and the immunogenicity of PDC-E2, the major autoantigen of primary biliary cirrhosis.

Mao, Tin K / Davis, Paul A / Odin, Joseph A / Coppel, Ross L / Gershwin, M Eric

Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)

2004 Volume 40, Issue 6, Page(s) 1241–1248

Abstract: The E2 component of mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC-E2) is the immunodominant autoantigen of primary biliary cirrhosis. Whereas lipoylation of PDC-E2 is essential for enzymatic activity and predominates under normal conditions, other ... ...

Abstract	The E2 component of mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC-E2) is the immunodominant autoantigen of primary biliary cirrhosis. Whereas lipoylation of PDC-E2 is essential for enzymatic activity and predominates under normal conditions, other biochemical systems exist that also target the lysine residue, including acylation of fatty acids or xenobiotics and ubiquitinylation. More importantly, the immunogenicity can be affected by derivatization of the lysine residue, as the recognition of lipoylated PDC-E2 by patient autoantibodies is enhanced compared with octanoylated PDC-E2. Furthermore, our laboratory has shown that various xenobiotic modifications of a peptide representing the immunodominant region of PDC-E2 are immunoreactive against patient sera. The only purported regulatory system that prevents the accumulation of potentially autoreactive PDC-E2 is glutathionylation, in which the lysine-lipoic acid moiety is further modified with glutathione during apoptosis. Interestingly, this system is found in several cell lines, including HeLa, Jurkat, and Caco-2 cells, but not in cholangiocytes and salivary gland epithelial cells, both of which are targets for destruction in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hence, the failure of this or other regulatory system(s) may overwhelm the immune system with immunogenic PDC-E2 that can initiate the breakdown of tolerance in a genetically susceptible individual. In this review the authors survey the data available on the biochemical life of PDC-E2, with particular emphasis on the lysine residue and its known interactions with machinery involved in various posttranslational modifications.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Autoantigens/chemistry ; Autoantigens/immunology ; Autoantigens/metabolism ; Dihydrolipoyllysine-Residue Acetyltransferase ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/immunology ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/metabolism ; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex/chemistry ; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex/immunology ; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Autoantigens ; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex ; Dihydrolipoyllysine-Residue Acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.12)
Language	English
Publishing date	2004-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Review
ZDB-ID	604603-4
ISSN	1527-3350 ; 0270-9139
ISSN (online)	1527-3350
ISSN	0270-9139
DOI	10.1002/hep.20491
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Zs.A 1660: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Somatic mutations of PPP2R1A in ovarian and uterine carcinomas.

Shih, Ie-Ming / Panuganti, Pradeep K / Kuo, Kuan-Tin / Mao, Tsui-Lien / Kuhn, Elisabetta / Jones, Sian / Velculescu, Victor E / Kurman, Robert J / Wang, Tian-Li

The American journal of pathology

2011 Volume 178, Issue 4, Page(s) 1442–1447

Abstract: Exome sequencing of ovarian clear-cell carcinoma has identified somatic mutations in PPP2R1A, a subunit of protein phosphatase 2A. The present study was performed to determine the frequency of PPP2R1A mutations in exon 5, which harbors previously ... ...

Abstract	Exome sequencing of ovarian clear-cell carcinoma has identified somatic mutations in PPP2R1A, a subunit of protein phosphatase 2A. The present study was performed to determine the frequency of PPP2R1A mutations in exon 5, which harbors previously reported mutation hot spots, and adjacent exon 6, in 209 ovarian and 56 uterine tumors of various histologic subtypes. PPP2R1A mutations were demonstrated in 10 of 110 type I ovarian tumors (9.1%) including low-grade serous, low-grade endometrioid, clear-cell, and mucinous carcinomas. In contrast, none of 71 type II ovarian (high-grade serous) carcinomas exhibited PPP2R1A mutations. Moreover, PPP2R1A mutations were observed in 2 of 30 type I uterine (endometrioid) carcinomas (6.7%) and 5 of 26 type II uterine (serous) carcinomas (19.2%). Of the 18 mutations, 13 affected the R182 or 183, and there were 5 novel mutations including 3 involving S256, 1 involving W257, and 1 involving P179. All mutations were located in the α-helix repeats near the interface between the A subunit and the regulatory B subunit of the enzyme complex. These data provide new evidence that PPP2R1A somatic mutations occur in certain types of uterine and ovarian neoplastic lesions, especially uterine serous carcinomas, and suggest that mutation of PPP2R1A may participate in the pathogenesis of ovarian type I and uterine type II carcinomas.
MeSH term(s)	Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/genetics ; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/genetics ; Carcinoma/genetics ; Codon ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Exons ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry/methods ; Mutation ; Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics ; Protein Phosphatase 2/genetics ; Uterine Neoplasms/genetics
Chemical Substances	Codon ; PPP2R1A protein, human ; Protein Phosphatase 2 (EC 3.1.3.16)
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-02-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2943-9
ISSN	1525-2191 ; 0002-9440
ISSN (online)	1525-2191
ISSN	0002-9440
DOI	10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.01.009
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Ud II Zs.76: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Primary biliary cirrhosis is associated with altered hepatic microRNA expression.

Padgett, Kerstien A / Lan, Ruth Y / Leung, Patrick C / Lleo, Ana / Dawson, Kevin / Pfeiff, Janice / Mao, Tin K / Coppel, Ross L / Ansari, Aftab A / Gershwin, M Eric

Journal of autoimmunity

2009 Volume 32, Issue 3-4, Page(s) 246–253

Abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that negatively regulate protein coding gene expression and are thought to play a critical role in many biological processes. Aberrant levels of miRNAs have been associated with numerous diseases and cancers, ... ...

Abstract	MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that negatively regulate protein coding gene expression and are thought to play a critical role in many biological processes. Aberrant levels of miRNAs have been associated with numerous diseases and cancers, and as such, miRNAs have gain much interests as diagnostic biomarkers, and as therapeutic targets. However, their role in autoimmunity is largely unknown. The aims of this study are to: (1) identify differentially expressed miRNAs in human primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC); (2) validate these independently; and (3) identify potential targets of differentially expressed miRNAs. We compared the expression of 377 miRNAs in explanted livers form subjects with PBC versus controls with normal liver histology. A total of 35 independent miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in PBC (p < 0.001). Quantitative PCR was employed to validate down-regulation of microRNA-122a (miR-122a) and miR-26a and the increased expression of miR-328 and miR-299-5p. The predicted targets of these miRNAs are known to affect cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolism. Our data are the first to demonstrate that PBC is characterized by altered expression of hepatic miRNA; however additional studies are required to demonstrate a causal link between those miRNA and the development of PBC.
MeSH term(s)	Down-Regulation ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Liver/metabolism ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/genetics ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Up-Regulation
Chemical Substances	MicroRNAs
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-04-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	639452-8
ISSN	1095-9157 ; 0896-8411
ISSN (online)	1095-9157
ISSN	0896-8411
DOI	10.1016/j.jaut.2009.02.022
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Zs.A 2368: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Impaired indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase production contributes to the development of autoimmunity in primary biliary cirrhosis.

Oertelt-Prigione, Sabine / Mao, Tin K / Selmi, Carlo / Tsuneyama, Koichi / Ansari, Aftab A / Coppel, Ross L / Invernizzi, Pietro / Podda, Mauro / Gershwin, M Eric

Autoimmunity

2008 Volume 41, Issue 1, Page(s) 92–99

Abstract: The immunomodulatory effects of the tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) have been elucidated at a cellular level and implicated in the pathogenesis of several complex diseases. Defects within the regulatory T cell compartment ...

Abstract	The immunomodulatory effects of the tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) have been elucidated at a cellular level and implicated in the pathogenesis of several complex diseases. Defects within the regulatory T cell compartment are one of the characteristics of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), an autoimmune chronic cholestatic liver disease, a phenotype that has also been shown in disease-mimicking animal models of this disease. We hypothesized that IDO dysregulation could lead to altered frequency and/or function of T cells at the level of antigen processing/presentation and we thus investigated IDO in peripheral monocytes and bile duct cells from patients with PBC. Both expression and activation manifested an impaired IFN-gamma response in peripheral monocytes while a peculiar IDO expression profile in bile duct cells characterized early stage PBC. Further, we observed an increased frequency of a gain-of-function SNP within the TGF-beta promoter region, a molecule known to suppress IDO transcription. In conclusion, we submit that an impaired IDO induction characterizes PBC and might represent a contributing factor in disease pathogenesis in association with several specific defects in the target tissue.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Autoimmune Diseases/immunology ; Autoimmune Diseases/physiopathology ; Autoimmunity ; Cells, Cultured ; Down-Regulation ; Epithelial Cells/enzymology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Humans ; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/genetics ; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism ; Interferon-gamma/metabolism ; Liver/cytology ; Liver/enzymology ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/immunology ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/physiopathology ; Monocytes/enzymology ; Rabbits ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Interferon-gamma (82115-62-6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1025450-x
ISSN	1607-842X ; 0891-6934
ISSN (online)	1607-842X
ISSN	0891-6934
DOI	10.1080/08916930701619730
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Zs.A 2777: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Dietary tocopherols inhibit cell proliferation, regulate expression of ERα, PPARγ, and Nrf2, and decrease serum inflammatory markers during the development of mammary hyperplasia.

Smolarek, Amanda K / So, Jae Young / Thomas, Paul E / Lee, Hong Jin / Paul, Shiby / Dombrowski, Anne / Wang, Chung-Xiou / Saw, Constance Lay-Lay / Khor, Tin Oo / Kong, Ah-Ng Tony / Reuhl, Kenneth / Lee, Mao-Jung / Yang, Chung S / Suh, Nanjoo

Molecular carcinogenesis

2012 Volume 52, Issue 7, Page(s) 514–525

Abstract: Previous clinical and epidemiological studies of vitamin E have used primarily α-tocopherol for the prevention of cancer. However, γ-tocopherol has demonstrated greater anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activity than α-tocopherol in several animal models ... ...

Abstract	Previous clinical and epidemiological studies of vitamin E have used primarily α-tocopherol for the prevention of cancer. However, γ-tocopherol has demonstrated greater anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activity than α-tocopherol in several animal models of cancer. This study assessed the potential chemopreventive activities of a tocopherol mixture containing 58% γ-tocopherol (γ-TmT) in an established rodent model of mammary carcinogenesis. Female ACI rats were utilized due to their sensitivity to 17β-estradiol (E2 ) to induce mammary hyperplasia and neoplasia. The rats were implanted subcutaneously with sustained release E2 pellets and given dietary 0.3% or 0.5% γ-TmT for 2 or 10 wk. Serum E2 levels were significantly reduced by the treatment with 0.5% γ-TmT. Serum levels of inflammatory markers, prostaglandin E2 and 8-isoprostane, were suppressed by γ-TmT treatment. Histology of mammary glands showed evidence of epithelial hyperplasia in E2 -treated rats. Immunohistochemical analysis of the mammary glands revealed a decrease in proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and estrogen receptor α (ERα), while there was an increase in cleaved-caspase 3, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) in γ-TmT-treated rats. In addition, treatment with γ-TmT resulted in a decrease in the expression of ERα mRNA, whereas mRNA levels of ERβ and PPARγ were increased. In conclusion, γ-TmT was shown to suppress inflammatory markers, inhibit E2 -induced cell proliferation, and upregulate PPARγ and Nrf2 expression in mammary hyperplasia, suggesting that γ-TmT may be a promising agent for human breast cancer prevention.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antioxidants/administration & dosage ; Antioxidants/metabolism ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology ; Diet ; Estradiol/blood ; Estrogen Receptor alpha/genetics ; Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Hyperplasia/metabolism ; Hyperplasia/pathology ; Hyperplasia/prevention & control ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Inflammation Mediators/metabolism ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control ; Microsomes, Liver/metabolism ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism ; PPAR gamma/genetics ; PPAR gamma/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred ACI ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tocopherols/administration & dosage ; Tocopherols/blood
Chemical Substances	Antioxidants ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; Inflammation Mediators ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ; Nfe2l2 protein, rat ; PPAR gamma ; RNA, Messenger ; Estradiol (4TI98Z838E) ; Tocopherols (R0ZB2556P8)
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-03-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1004029-8
ISSN	1098-2744 ; 0899-1987
ISSN (online)	1098-2744
ISSN	0899-1987
DOI	10.1002/mc.21886
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Zs.A 2664: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Effects of a Combination of Traditional Chinese Botanicals (Immune+) on the Secretion of Interleukin-1beta and Interferon-gamma by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells.

Mao, Tin K. / Van De Water, Judy / Keen, Carl L. / Osburn, Bennie O. / Silva, Joseph S. / Gershwin, M. Eric

Journal of medicinal food

2001 Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–7

Abstract: The use of herbal and other botanical products, including those used extensively in traditional Chinese medicine, has increased dramatically in the last decade. Yet, little scientific research exists concerning their efficacy and safety. We examined the ... ...

Abstract	The use of herbal and other botanical products, including those used extensively in traditional Chinese medicine, has increased dramatically in the last decade. Yet, little scientific research exists concerning their efficacy and safety. We examined the effects of Immune+, a combination of five botanicals frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine, on the production of two cytokines. For this purpose, unstimulated or phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers were incubated with different concentrations of Immune+. The secretion of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was measured after 72 hours of incubation. At the highest concentration tested (100 micro g/ml), Immune+ significantly increased the secretion of IL-1beta. Importantly, PHA alone had no effect on IL-1beta production, and the combination of PHA with Immune+ resulted in the same increase in IL-1beta production as seen with the botanical extract alone. Immune+ did not have any detectable effect on either unstimulated or PHA-stimulated IFN-gamma synthesis. These in vitro data support the concept that Immune+ may enhance human immune responses.
Language	English
Publishing date	2001
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1427365-2
ISSN	1557-7600 ; 1096-620X
ISSN (online)	1557-7600
ISSN	1096-620X
DOI	10.1089/10966200152053659
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Zs.A 5916: Show issues

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Article: Genetic polymorphisms influencing xenobiotic metabolism and transport in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.

Kimura, Yasuhiko / Selmi, Carlo / Leung, Patrick S C / Mao, Tin K / Schauer, Joseph / Watnik, Mitchell / Kuriyama, Shigeki / Nishioka, Mikio / Ansari, Aftab A / Coppel, Ross L / Invernizzi, Pietro / Podda, Mauro / Gershwin, M Eric

Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)

2005 Volume 41, Issue 1, Page(s) 55–63

Abstract: Epidemiological data suggest that environmental factors may trigger autoimmunity in genetically susceptible individuals. In primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), it has been postulated that halogenated xenobiotics can modify self-molecules, facilitating the ... ...

Abstract	Epidemiological data suggest that environmental factors may trigger autoimmunity in genetically susceptible individuals. In primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), it has been postulated that halogenated xenobiotics can modify self-molecules, facilitating the breakdown of tolerance to mitochondrial antigens. The transport and metabolism of xenobiotics is highly dependent on key genetic polymorphisms that alter enzymatic phenotype. We analyzed genomic DNA from 169 patients with PBC and 225 geographically and sex-matched healthy subjects for polymorphisms of genes coding for cytochromes P450 (CYPs) 2D6 (CYP2D64, CYP2D63, CYP2D65, and CYP2D66) and 2E1 (cl/c2), multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1 C3435T) P-glycoprotein, and pregnane X receptor (PXR C-25385T, C8055T, and A7635G). We compared the genotype frequencies in patients and controls and also correlated polymorphisms with PBC severity. The distributions of the studied genotypes did not significantly differ between patients and controls. However, when clinical characteristics of patients with PBC were compared according to genotype, the CYP2E1 c2 allele was associated with signs of more severe disease. In conclusion, genetic polymorphisms of CYP 2D6 and 2E1, PXR, and MDR1 do not appear to play a role in the onset of PBC.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Alleles ; Biological Transport/genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6/genetics ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1/genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genes, MDR ; Genotype ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/genetics ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/metabolism ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics ; Receptors, Steroid/genetics ; Severity of Illness Index ; Xenobiotics/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear ; Receptors, Steroid ; Xenobiotics ; pregnane X receptor ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 (EC 1.14.13.-) ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 (EC 1.14.14.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2005-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	604603-4
ISSN	1527-3350 ; 0270-9139
ISSN (online)	1527-3350
ISSN	0270-9139
DOI	10.1002/hep.20516
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Zs.A 1660: Show issues

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Article: First-Principles Screening of All-Inorganic Lead-Free ABX3 Perovskites

Mao, Xin / Keli Han / Lei Sun / Tao Wu / Tianshu Chu / Weiqiao Deng

Journal of physical chemistry. 2018 Mar. 20, v. 122, no. 14

2018

Abstract: ... belonging to the class ABX3, with A = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, B = Pb, Sn, and Ge, and X = F, Cl, Br, I. Three ...

Abstract	In order to address an all-inorganic halide lead-free perovskite for potential photovoltaic applications, we carried out first-principles calculations of bandgaps of 260 all-inorganic halide perovskites belonging to the class ABX3, with A = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, B = Pb, Sn, and Ge, and X = F, Cl, Br, I. Three most common crystal symmetries were chosen, including cubic, tetragonal, and two orthorhombic phases. The bandgap exhibited increase with the decreasing of the anions radius (I, Br, Cl, F) and lowering the symmetry of the structures. With consideration of multiple factors forming perovskites, we reported three all-inorganic lead-free halides perovskites including cubic-KSnCl3, cubic-RbSnCl3, and trigonal-NaGeBr3 as candidates with desirable bandgap (1.24–1.44 eV) for photovoltaic applications.
Keywords	anions ; bromine ; cesium ; chlorine ; fluorine ; germanium ; halides ; iodine ; lead ; lithium ; physical chemistry ; potassium ; rubidium ; screening ; sodium ; tin
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-0320
Size	p. 7670-7675.
Publishing place	American Chemical Society
Document type	Article
ISSN	1932-7455
DOI	10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b02448
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Realizing Efficient Lead-Free Formamidinium Tin Triiodide Perovskite Solar Cells via a Sequential Deposition Route.

Zhu, Zonglong / Chueh, Chu-Chen / Li, Nan / Mao, Chengyi / Jen, Alex K-Y

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

2017 Volume 30, Issue 6

Abstract: Recently, the evolved intermediate phase based on iodoplumbate anions that mediates perovskite crystallization has been embodied as the Lewis acid-base adduct formed by metal halides (serve as Lewis acid) and polar aprotic solvents (serve as Lewis base). ...

Abstract	Recently, the evolved intermediate phase based on iodoplumbate anions that mediates perovskite crystallization has been embodied as the Lewis acid-base adduct formed by metal halides (serve as Lewis acid) and polar aprotic solvents (serve as Lewis base). Based on this principle, it is proposed to constitute efficient Lewis acid-base adduct in the SnI
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-12-18
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1474949-X
ISSN	1521-4095 ; 0935-9648
ISSN (online)	1521-4095
ISSN	0935-9648
DOI	10.1002/adma.201703800
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