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Article ; Online: Liposomes Enhance the Immunological Activity of Polygonatum Cyrtonema Hua Polysaccharides.

Liu, Dong / Hou, Tingting / Geng, Chunye / Song, Lu / Hou, Xuefeng / Chen, Yanjun / Wang, Fang / Wang, Wei / Han, Bangxing / Gao, Leilei

Journal of pharmaceutical sciences

2024

Abstract: ... in their application. The purpose of this study was to optimize the preparation conditions of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua ... This study provides a new idea for applying Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua polysaccharides (PCP) and references ...

Abstract	Poor stability and difficult uptake of natural polysaccharides have been the main problems in their application. The purpose of this study was to optimize the preparation conditions of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua polysaccharides liposomes (PCPL) and to investigate the immune enhancement activity of PCPL in vitro and in vivo, with a view to discovering new ways of natural polysaccharide application. The optimal preparation conditions of PCPL were as follows: the adding amount of Tween 80 of 0.5 %, the ultrasound time of 2 min and the ultrasound times of once. Under these conditions, the entrapment efficiency, drug loading rate and particle size of PCPL were 38.033 %±0.050, 2.172 %±0.003 and 146 nm, which indicated that PCPL with small particle size could be prepared by the reverse-phase evaporation method. Furthermore, PCPL promoted proliferation, phagocytosis, and secretion of nitric oxide and related cytokines in RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, PCPL improved spleen and thymus indices, increased the number or proportion of red blood cells, platelets, and lymphocytes in the blood, and ameliorated spleen and thymus atrophy in immunosuppressed mice. This study provides a new idea for applying Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua polysaccharides (PCP) and references for studying other polysaccharides.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3151-3
ISSN	1520-6017 ; 0022-3549
ISSN (online)	1520-6017
ISSN	0022-3549
DOI	10.1016/j.xphs.2024.01.005
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Article ; Online: Jian-Pi-Gu-Shen-Hua-Yu Decoction Alleviated Diabetic Nephropathy in Mice through Reducing Ferroptosis.

Lv, Shuquan / Fan, Lirong / Chen, Xiaoting / Su, Xiuhai / Dong, Li / Wang, Qinghai / Wang, Yuansong / Zhang, Hui / Cui, Huantian / Zhang, Shufang / Wang, Lixin

Journal of diabetes research

2024 Volume 2024, Page(s) 9990304

Abstract: ... effectively halt the progression of DN. Jian-Pi-Gu-Shen-Hua-Yu (JPGS) decoction can be used for the treatment ...

Abstract	Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN), one of the most frequent complications of diabetes mellitus, is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. However, the current treatment methods still cannot effectively halt the progression of DN. Jian-Pi-Gu-Shen-Hua-Yu (JPGS) decoction can be used for the treatment of chronic kidney diseases such as DN, but the specific mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated yet. Purpose: The aim of this study is to clarify whether JPGS alleviates the progression of diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting ferroptosis. Materials and methods: We established a DN mouse model to investigate the therapeutic effect of JPGS in a DN mouse model. Subsequently, we examined the effects of JPGS on ferroptosis- and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) pathway-related indices. Finally, we validated whether JPGS inhibited ferroptosis in DN mice via the GPX4 pathway using GPX4 inhibitor and ferroptosis inhibitors. Results: The results indicate that JPGS has a therapeutic effect on DN mice by improving kidney function and reducing inflammation. Additionally, JPGS treatment decreased iron overload and oxidative stress levels while upregulating the expression of GPX4 pathway-related proteins. Moreover, JPGS demonstrated a similar therapeutic effect as Fer-1 in the context of DN treatment, and RSL3 was able to counteract the therapeutic effect of JPGS and antiferroptotic effect. Conclusion: JPGS has significant therapeutic and anti-inflammatory effects on DN mice, and its mechanism is mainly achieved by upregulating the expression of GPX4 pathway-related proteins, thereby alleviating iron overload and ultimately reducing ferroptosis.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Mice ; Diabetic Nephropathies/drug therapy ; Ferroptosis ; Disease Models, Animal ; Inflammation ; Iron Overload/complications ; Iron Overload/drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2711897-6
ISSN	2314-6753 ; 2314-6753
ISSN (online)	2314-6753
ISSN	2314-6753
DOI	10.1155/2024/9990304
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Article ; Online: Unlocking hormesis and toxic effects induced by cadmium in Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua based on morphology, physiology and metabolomics.

Yang, Li / Kang, Yuchen / Li, Na / Wang, Yuhao / Mou, Haiyan / Sun, Hui / Ao, Tianqi / Chen, Li / Chen, Wenqing

Journal of hazardous materials

2024 Volume 465, Page(s) 133447

Abstract: ... detoxification mechanism of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua under Cd stress based on physiology and metabolomics ...

Abstract	Traditional Chinese medicine materials (TCMMs) are widely planted and used, while cadmium (Cd) is a widespread pollutant that poses a potential risk to plant growth and human health. However, studies on the influences of Cd on TCMMs have been limited. Our study aims to reveal the antioxidation-related detoxification mechanism of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua under Cd stress based on physiology and metabolomics. The results showed that Cd0.5 (total Cd: 0.91 mg/kg; effective Cd: 0.45 mg/kg) induced hormesis on the biomass of roots, tubers and aboveground parts with increases of 22.88%, 27.12% and 17.02%, respectively, and significantly increased the flavonoids content by 57.45%. Additionally, the metabolism of caffeine, glutamine, arginine and purine was upregulated to induce hormesis in Cd0.5, which enhanced the synthesis of resistant substances such as spermidine, choline, IAA and saponins. Under Cd2 stress, choline and IAA decreased, and fatty acid metabolites (such as peanut acid and linoleic acid) and 8-hydroxyguanosine increased in response to oxidative damage, resulting in a significant biomass decrease. Our findings further reveal the metabolic process of detoxification by antioxidants and excessive Cd damage in TCMMs, deepen the understanding of detoxification mechanisms related to antioxidation, and enrich the relevant theories of hormesis induced by Cd.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Hormesis ; Cadmium ; Polygonatum ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Choline
Chemical Substances	Cadmium (00BH33GNGH) ; Antioxidants ; Choline (N91BDP6H0X)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-10
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1491302-1
ISSN	1873-3336 ; 0304-3894
ISSN (online)	1873-3336
ISSN	0304-3894
DOI	10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133447
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Article ; Online: Comprehensive observations of carbonyls of Mt. Hua in Central China: Vertical distribution and effects on ozone formation.

Zhang, Yifan / Dai, Wenting / Li, Jianjun / Ho, Steven Sai Hang / Li, Lu / Shen, Minxia / Wang, Qiyuan / Cao, Junji

The Science of the total environment

2023 Volume 907, Page(s) 167983

Abstract: Oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) play important roles in tropospheric chemistry, regulating the oxidation capacity and ozone ( ... ...

Abstract	Oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) play important roles in tropospheric chemistry, regulating the oxidation capacity and ozone (O
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-20
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167983
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Article ; Online: Comparison of Gas-Particle Partitioning of Glyoxal and Methylglyoxal in the Summertime Atmosphere at the Foot and Top of Mount Hua.

Qi, Weining / Zhang, Yifan / Shen, Minxia / Li, Lu / Dai, Wenting / Chen, Yukun / Liu, Yali / Guo, Xiao / Cao, Yue / Wang, Xin / Jiang, Yingkun / Li, Jianjun

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 28, Issue 13

Abstract: Glyoxal and methylglyoxal are important volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere. The gas-particle partitioning of these carbonyl compounds makes significant contributions to ... ...

Abstract	Glyoxal and methylglyoxal are important volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere. The gas-particle partitioning of these carbonyl compounds makes significant contributions to O
MeSH term(s)	Pyruvaldehyde ; Glyoxal ; Gases ; Organic Chemicals ; Atmosphere
Chemical Substances	Pyruvaldehyde (722KLD7415) ; Glyoxal (50NP6JJ975) ; Gases ; Organic Chemicals
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1413402-0
ISSN	1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
ISSN (online)	1420-3049
ISSN	1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
DOI	10.3390/molecules28135276
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Article ; Online: Genetic diversity and population structure of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua in China using SSR markers.

Liu, Heng / Cheng, He / Xu, Jun / Hu, Jiayi / Zhao, Chenchen / Xing, Lihua / Wang, Mengjin / Wu, Zhendong / Peng, Daiyin / Yu, Nianjun / Liu, Junling

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 8, Page(s) e0290605

Abstract: Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Polygonatum genus, belonging ... The population structure analysis indicates that the Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua germplasm can be classified into three ... the conservation of germplasm resources of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua in China and provides new parental material ...

Abstract	Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Polygonatum genus, belonging to the Liliaceae family, with significant medicinal and nutritional value. In China, this species is a traditional medicinal and edible herb with a long history of application and is widely appreciated by the people. However, as the demand for medicinal herbs continues to grow, excessive harvesting has led to the depletion of wild resources and the risk of genetic erosion. In addition, the chaotic cultivation of varieties and the lack of high quality germplasm resources have led to inconsistent quality of medical materials. Therefore, it is urgent to conduct genetic diversity evaluation of this species and establish a sound conservation plan. This study assessed the genetic diversity and population structure of 96 samples collected from seven regions in China using the simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular marker technology. In this study, a total of 60 alleles (Na) were detected across the 10 polymorphic SSR markers used, with an average of 6.0 alleles generated per locus. The values of polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.3396 to 0.8794, with an average value of 0.6430. The average value of the effective number of alleles (Ne) was 2.761, and the average value of the Shannon's information index (I) was 1.196. The population structure analysis indicates that the Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua germplasm can be classified into three subpopulations (JZ, QY, JD) at the molecular level, which corresponds to the previous subgroups identified based on individual plant phenotypic traits. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) showed that 74% of the genetic variation was between individuals within populations in different regions. The phylogenetic analysis of the 96 germplasm samples divided them into three main populations. The QY and JD subpopulations are largely clustered together, which could be attributed to their mountainous distribution and the local climate environment. The genetic differentiation coefficient (Fst) value was low at 0.065, indicating relatively low population differentiation. The ratio of the genetic differentiation coefficient (Fst) between the JZ population and the other two populations (QY and JD) is much higher than the ratio between the QY and JD populations. Based on the clustering results and the ratio of the genetic differentiation coefficient (Fst), it can be inferred that the genetic relationship between the QY and JD subpopulations is closer, with a certain degree of genetic differentiation from the JZ subpopulation. This study supports the conservation of germplasm resources of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua in China and provides new parental material for germplasm genetic improvement and breeding programs.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Polygonatum/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Plant Breeding ; China ; Microsatellite Repeats/genetics ; Genetic Variation
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0290605
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Article: Gu-Ben-Hua-Shi (AESS) formula ameliorates atopic dermatitis via regulating NLRP3 signaling pathways.

Li, Xiong / Feng, Luyao / Zhong, Tingjing / Mo, Xiumei / Wang, Dong / Gu, Jiangyong / Chen, Dacan / Zeng, Xing / Yan, Fenggen

Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society

2023 Volume 31, Issue 11, Page(s) 101792

Abstract: Background: Gu-ben-hua-shi (AESS) formula is a clinical experienced prescription from Guangdong ...

Abstract	Background: Gu-ben-hua-shi (AESS) formula is a clinical experienced prescription from Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), which is used to treat atopic dermatitis (AD). Our previous work has shown that AESS has therapeutic effect on AD by regulating yes-associated protein (YAP). AESS formula has multi-component and multi-target characteristic, and need to be analyzed by systematic chemical profiling and network pharmacology technology, as well as verification of key signaling pathways. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the efficacy and effect of AESS formula in the treatment of AD and its effect on NLRP3 signaling pathway. Methods: The components of AESS formula were analyzed and identified by ultra high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC- MS/MS), and the potential mechanism of AESS formula in the treatment of AD was predicted by network pharmacology approach, with detected main components, and the potential components targeted NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein (NLRP3) signaling pathway [Direct binding with NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) and Caspase-1] were assessed using molecular docking. AD-like symptoms were constructed by DNCB induced BALB/c mice. The effect of AESS formula on dorsal skin structure in AD-like mice was observed using H&E staining. Furthermore, the western blotting experiment explored the expression of the NLRP3 pathway protein. Results: By UHPLC-MS/MS analysis, 91 compounds were detected in AESS formula, and 76 of them were identified, while by network pharmacological analysis, 1500 component targets were obtained, and 257 of them were obtained by intersection with eczema targets. Then one of the key pathways, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like signaling pathway was obtained by KEGG enrichment analysis. Molecular docking results showed 24 main components could effectively combine with ASC and Caspase-1 (≤-7 kcal/mol). The animal experiment results further showed that AESS formula alleviates symptoms in AD-like mice. ELISA kit results showed that the expression of IL-1β and IL-18 in serum was inhibited after AESS treatment. Additionally, western blotting analysis showed that the expressions of ASC, Caspase-1 and NLRP3 protein expression in the skin tissue of mice were down-regulated after AESS treatment. The experimental results show that AESS formula inhibited the expression of NLRP3 signaling pathway for the treatment of AD. Conclusions: AESS formula can improve AD symptoms in mice by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and the expression of the related downstream inflammatory cytokines.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-21
Publishing country	Saudi Arabia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1378024-4
ISSN	1319-0164
ISSN	1319-0164
DOI	10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101792
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Article: First Report of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua Root Rot Caused by Trichoderma virens in China.

Gong, Zikun / Yang, Ying / Zhang, Linping / Wang, Shuqin / Luo, Jiayu / Luo, QianYing

Plant disease

2023

Abstract: Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua is a traditional Chinese medicine, which has anti-oxidant ...

Abstract	Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua is a traditional Chinese medicine, which has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and other pharmacological effects (Lu et al. 2023). In June 2022, A disease of root rot was observed on P. cyrtonema plants in Tonggu County (28°63'89″N, 114°48'07″E), Jiangxi Province, China. The disease incidence was approximately 30% in a surveyed area of 3 hectares, which contained approximately 20,000 plants. Initially, the above-ground parts of the plants did not show any obvious symptoms. However, the underground roots exhibited red-brown spots that gradually expanded and sunken areas appeared, and the diseased plants presented leaf chlorosis and red-brown discoloration of the tubers, eventually leading to plant death. To identify the pathogen, symptomatic root tissues (0.5×0.5×0.5cm) from the lesion margin surface were sterilized with 75% ethanol for 30s, 3% NaClO for 3 min followed by rinsing three times with sterile water. The sterile root pieces were placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 25℃. Thirteen pure fungal isolates with the same morphological characteristics were obtained by monosporic isolation from 20 pieces of roots, and the representative isolates, HJGF1-1, HJGF1-2 were used for morphological studies and phylogenetic analyses. Initially, the two colonies on PDA appeared white with cotton-shaped aerial hyphae, which later turned light green to green and formed concentric rings. At the end of the conidiophores, 3 to 6 pear-shaped branches are irregularly gathered, and the angles between the branches are acute. The conidia were mostly solitary ellipsoid or obovate with the size of (3.7-5.9) × (3.6-4.5) μm (n=100). These morphological characteristics are consistent with the description of a Trichoderma spp. (Kamala et al. 2015). For molecular identification, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF-1α) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) sequences were PCR amplified using primer pairs of ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990), EF1-728F/EF1-986R (Carbone et al. 1999), and RPB2-5F2/RPB2-7cR (O'Donnell et al. 2022), respectively. BLAST analysis showed that the ITS, TEF-1α and RPB2 sequences of isolates HJGF1-1 (GenBank accession nos. OR229621, OR290791, OR334600) and HJGF1-2 (GenBank accession nos. OR229622, OR290792, OR334600) showed 99%-100% identity with multiple GenBank sequences of Trichoderma virens. A phylogenetic tree based on concatenated sequences of ITS, TEF-1α and RPB2 using maximum-likelihood analyses revealed that the two isolates HJGF1-1 and HJGF1-2 were in the same clade with T. virens strains. The two isolates were identified as T. virens based on the morphological characteristics and molecular phylogeny. To test pathogenicity, ten healthy P. cyrtonema plants (one tuber each, 5 tubers per isolate, n=10) in the field were pin-pricked with a sterile needle and pour-inoculated with 5 mL spore suspension per tuber (1× 107 conidia/ mL) with a temperature of about 28℃. Another five tubers were were pin-pricked with a sterile needle, inoculated with sterile water and served as controls. The resulting symptoms were similar to those on the original infected plants in the field, and control tubers remained symptomless fourteen days after inoculation. T. virens was reisolated from the diseased tubers, nevertheless no pathogenic fungus was isolated from the control tubers. T. virens has been reported causing disease on tulip bulb (Lou et al. 2003) but has not previously been reported causing disease on P. cyrtonema. Although several species of Trichoderma are known to be beneficial microorganisms, the beneficial fungus may have had an evolutionary period of interaction with plants in which it behaved as a plant pathogen (Poveda et al. 2022). To our knowledge, this is the first report of T. virens infecting P. cyrtonema in China. This result may expanded the etiological study of T. virens and the control strategy of P. cyrtonema root rot.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	754182-x
ISSN	0191-2917
ISSN	0191-2917
DOI	10.1094/PDIS-08-23-1647-PDN
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Article ; Online: Spectroscopic investigation and comprehensive analysis of the polychrome clay sculpture of Hua Yan Temple of the Liao Dynasty.

Wang, Xin / Zhen, Gang / Hao, Xinying / Tong, Tong / Ni, Fangfang / Wang, Zhan / Jia, Jia / Li, Li / Tong, Hua

Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy

2020 Volume 240, Page(s) 118574

Abstract: This article shows the investigation results of the polychrome clay sculptures in Hua Yan Temple ...

Abstract	This article shows the investigation results of the polychrome clay sculptures in Hua Yan Temple of the Liao Dynasty in Datong, China. The mineral pigments, adhesive and painting techniques used in these cultural relics were systematically analyzed in this project. Optical microscope (OM), Scanning electron microscope coupled with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), micro-Raman, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) analyses were selected as scientific micro-destructive analytical methods. The results show that the pigments in the polychrome clay sculptures include cinnabar, lead red, malachite, atacamite, azurite, orpiment and gold. Meanwhile, the presence of nitrogen-containing substances and glue-marker characteristic pyrolysis products clearly indicates that the adhesive used in most of the polychrome clay sculptures was glue-protein. Additionally, the combination of heat-bodied tung oil and glue-protein was also found in the golden areas.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	210413-1
ISSN	1873-3557 ; 0370-8322 ; 0584-8539 ; 1386-1425
ISSN (online)	1873-3557
ISSN	0370-8322 ; 0584-8539 ; 1386-1425
DOI	10.1016/j.saa.2020.118574
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Article: Suppressing inflammatory signals and apoptosis-linked sphingolipid metabolism underlies therapeutic potential of Qing-Jin-Hua-Tan decoction against chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Yang, Jing / Shen, Xin / Qin, Mi / Zhou, Ping / Huang, Fei-Hong / You, Yun / Wang, Long / Wu, Jian-Ming

Heliyon

2024 Volume 10, Issue 3, Page(s) e24336

Abstract: Background: Qing-Jin-Hua-Tan decoction (QJHTD) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM ...

Abstract	Background: Qing-Jin-Hua-Tan decoction (QJHTD) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription that first appeared in the ancient book Yi-Xue-Tong-Zhi. QJHTD has shown effectiveness for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), although its mechanisms of action are still perplexing. The molecular mechanisms underlying the curative effects of QJHTD on COPD is worth exploring. Methods: In vitro Results: Increased cell viability and proliferation with decreased apoptosis rate and proinflammatory cytokine expression were noted after QJHTD intervention. QJHTD administration elevated PEFb and PIFb values, reduced MLI, and inhibited IL-1β, TNF-α, and c-Casp3 expression Conclusion: The therapeutic effect of QJHTD on COPD is dependent on regulating inflammatory signals and apoptosis-directed SL metabolism. These findings provide deeper insights into the molecular mechanism of action of QJHTD against COPD and justify its theoretical promise in novel pharmacotherapy for this multifactorial disease.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24336
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