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  1. Article ; Online: Introduction

    Lakshmi Subramanian

    Journal of Indian Ocean World Studies, Vol 2, Iss 1, Pp 2-

    The Ocean and the Historian

    2018  Volume 11

    Abstract: I feel singularly privileged to write the introduction for the first of two special JIOWS festschrift editions honouring Michael Pearson’s contributions in the field of Indian Ocean studies. My association with Mike goes back to 1979/80 when I met him at ...

    Abstract I feel singularly privileged to write the introduction for the first of two special JIOWS festschrift editions honouring Michael Pearson’s contributions in the field of Indian Ocean studies. My association with Mike goes back to 1979/80 when I met him at the University of Viswabharati, where my mentor Ashin Dasgupta was working with him on an edited volume devoted to the history of India and the Indian Ocean. This was a time when as a young graduate student, I was being exposed to the hotly debated and discussed sub-field of maritime history. Several senior historians questioned the need to study maritime history outside the general frame of Indian economic history, by then an established field of enquiry, driven primarily by the agrarian question, poverty and the drain of wealth paradigm. I recall how, in course of my apprenticeship, I read a range of writings that looked at Asian trade and commercial exchanges that, although written largely out of European archives, dared to tell a very different story to the dominant one of European commercial and military hegemony. This was long before the heady debates of globalization, of Asia before Europe or indeed of the world system thesis that had entered the field; instead, we were chewing over the critiques of the peddler thesis put forward by Van Leur, and of the uncritical endorsement of colonial perspectives on Asian trade embodied in the writings of scholar administrator W.H. Moreland. It was here that Pearson and Dasgupta gave us the vital tools of our trade, to look beyond the official voices in the archive, to search for private adjustments and compromises that had so much more to say about the messy world of commercial and social transactions where to look for Weberian rationality or pure economic determinism was chasing a mirage.
    Keywords Anthropology ; GN1-890
    Subject code 950
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher McGill University
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article: Spongiform leukoencephalopathy unveiled in an autopsy of a drug abuser.

    Jangir, Hemlata / Balmuchu, Govinda / Mylapalli, Jhansi Lakshmi / Subramanian, Arulselvi / Lalwani, Sanjeev

    Autopsy & case reports

    2024  Volume 13, Page(s) e2023465

    Abstract: Toxic leukoencephalopathy (TLE) is a rare neurological debilitating and fatal condition. It has been previously associated with exposure to leukotoxic offenders such as chemotherapy, cranial radiation, certain drugs, and environmental factors. Currently, ...

    Abstract Toxic leukoencephalopathy (TLE) is a rare neurological debilitating and fatal condition. It has been previously associated with exposure to leukotoxic offenders such as chemotherapy, cranial radiation, certain drugs, and environmental factors. Currently, it is a commoner white matter syndrome resulting from increased substance abuse, classically by inhaled heroin and other opioids. Herein, we report a case of fatal TLE unveiled in an autopsy of a drug abuser. A 24-year-old male was found dead on the roadside. A day before, he was located in a state of delirium. In this case, the autopsy findings and histopathology characteristics of cerebral cortex involvement particularly directed to speculate the heroine as the principal offender.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-08
    Publishing country Brazil
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2815488-5
    ISSN 2236-1960
    ISSN 2236-1960
    DOI 10.4322/acr.2023.465
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Spongiform leukoencephalopathy unveiled in an autopsy of a drug abuser

    Hemlata Jangir / Govinda Balmuchu / Jhansi Lakshmi Mylapalli / Arulselvi Subramanian / Sanjeev Lalwani

    Autopsy and Case Reports, Vol

    2024  Volume 13

    Abstract: Toxic leukoencephalopathy (TLE) is a rare neurological debilitating and fatal condition. It has been previously associated with exposure to leukotoxic offenders such as chemotherapy, cranial radiation, certain drugs, and environmental factors. Currently, ...

    Abstract Toxic leukoencephalopathy (TLE) is a rare neurological debilitating and fatal condition. It has been previously associated with exposure to leukotoxic offenders such as chemotherapy, cranial radiation, certain drugs, and environmental factors. Currently, it is a commoner white matter syndrome resulting from increased substance abuse, classically by inhaled heroin and other opioids. Herein, we report a case of fatal TLE unveiled in an autopsy of a drug abuser. A 24-year-old male was found dead on the roadside. A day before, he was located in a state of delirium. In this case, the autopsy findings and histopathology characteristics of cerebral cortex involvement particularly directed to speculate the heroine as the principal offender.
    Keywords Forensic Toxicology ; Leukoencephalopathy ; Progressive Multifocal ; Psychoses ; Substance-Induced ; Medicine ; R ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher University of São Paulo
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Therapeutic applications of exosomes in various diseases: A review.

    N V Lakshmi Kavya, Anguluri / Subramanian, Sundarrajan / Ramakrishna, Seeram

    Biomaterials advances

    2021  Volume 134, Page(s) 112579

    Abstract: Exosomes (30-150 nm in diameter) a subset of extracellular vesicles, secreted by mostly all cells, have been gaining enormous recognition from the last decade. In recent times, several studies have included exosomes to design novel therapeutic ... ...

    Abstract Exosomes (30-150 nm in diameter) a subset of extracellular vesicles, secreted by mostly all cells, have been gaining enormous recognition from the last decade. In recent times, several studies have included exosomes to design novel therapeutic applications along with their contribution to diagnostic evaluations and pathophysiological processes. Based on cell origin, they show diverse functions and characteristics. This article is classified into several sections that include exosomes biogenesis, isolation methods, and application as therapeutic tools, commercialized exosome products, clinical trials, benefits, and challenges faced in the progress of exosome-dependent therapeutics. This work aims to give a thorough review of the numerous studies where exosomes act as therapeutic tools in the treatment of various disorders including heart, kidney, liver, and lung illnesses. The clinical trials involving exosomes, their advantages, and hazards, and difficulties involved during storage and large-scale production, applications of nanotechnology in exosome research while applying for therapeutic applications, and future directions are summarized.
    MeSH term(s) Biological Transport ; Exosomes/metabolism ; Kidney
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-01
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2772-9508
    ISSN (online) 2772-9508
    DOI 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112579
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Neuroprotective potential of

    Sankaramourthy, Divya / Sankaranarayanan, Lakshmi / Subramanian, Kavimani / Sadras, Sudha Rani

    Journal of complementary & integrative medicine

    2022  Volume 20, Issue 3, Page(s) 530–536

    Abstract: The most common human neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD) etc. have been recognized to result from a complex interplay between genetic predisposition and defective cellular ... ...

    Abstract The most common human neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD) etc. have been recognized to result from a complex interplay between genetic predisposition and defective cellular dynamics such as inappropriate accumulation of unfolded proteins, oxygen free radicals and mitochondrial dysfunction. The treatment strategies available today for these neurodegenerative ailments are only palliative and are incapable of restraining the progression of the disease. Hence, there is an immense requirement for identification of drug candidates with the ability to alleviate neuronal damage along with controlling progression of the disease. From time immemorial mankind has been relying on plants for treating varied types of dreadful diseases. Among the various medicinal plants used for treating various neurological ailments,
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-10
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2197618-1
    ISSN 1553-3840 ; 2194-6329
    ISSN (online) 1553-3840
    ISSN 2194-6329
    DOI 10.1515/jcim-2021-0448
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: How mechanisms of stem cell polarity shape the human cerebral cortex.

    Andrews, Madeline G / Subramanian, Lakshmi / Salma, Jahan / Kriegstein, Arnold R

    Nature reviews. Neuroscience

    2022  Volume 23, Issue 12, Page(s) 711–724

    Abstract: Apical-basal progenitor cell polarity establishes key features of the radial and laminar architecture of the developing human cortex. The unique diversity of cortical stem cell populations and an expansion of progenitor population size in the human ... ...

    Abstract Apical-basal progenitor cell polarity establishes key features of the radial and laminar architecture of the developing human cortex. The unique diversity of cortical stem cell populations and an expansion of progenitor population size in the human cortex have been mirrored by an increase in the complexity of cellular processes that regulate stem cell morphology and behaviour, including their polarity. The study of human cells in primary tissue samples and human stem cell-derived model systems (such as cortical organoids) has provided insight into these processes, revealing that protein complexes regulate progenitor polarity by controlling cell membrane adherence within appropriate cortical niches and are themselves regulated by cytoskeletal proteins, signalling molecules and receptors, and cellular organelles. Studies exploring how cortical stem cell polarity is established and maintained are key for understanding the features of human brain development and have implications for neurological dysfunction.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Cell Polarity ; Cerebral Cortex ; Stem Cells/physiology ; Organoids ; Cell Membrane
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2034150-7
    ISSN 1471-0048 ; 1471-0048 ; 1471-003X
    ISSN (online) 1471-0048
    ISSN 1471-0048 ; 1471-003X
    DOI 10.1038/s41583-022-00631-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Should I stay or should I go? The cerebral bases of street-crossing decision.

    Baurès, Robin / Leblond, Solène / Dewailly, Andrea / Cherubini, Marta / Subramanian, Lakshmi Devi / Kearney, Joseph K / Durand, Jean Baptiste / Roux, Franck Emmanuel

    Journal of neuroscience research

    2024  Volume 102, Issue 1, Page(s) e25279

    Abstract: An observer willing to cross a street must first estimate if the approaching cars offer enough time to safely complete the task. The brain areas supporting this perception, known as Time-To-Contact (TTC) perception, have been mainly studied through ... ...

    Abstract An observer willing to cross a street must first estimate if the approaching cars offer enough time to safely complete the task. The brain areas supporting this perception, known as Time-To-Contact (TTC) perception, have been mainly studied through noninvasive correlational approaches. We carried out an experiment in which patients were tested during an awake brain surgery electrostimulation mapping to examine the causal implication of various brain areas in the street-crossing decision process. Forty patients were tested in a gap acceptance task before their surgery to establish a baseline performance. The task was individually adapted upon this baseline level and carried out during their surgery. We acquired and normalized to MNI space the coordinates of the functional areas that influenced task performance. A total of 103 stimulation sites were tested, allowing to establish a large map of the areas involved in the street-crossing decision. Multiple sites were found to impact the gap acceptance decision. A direct implication was however found mostly for sites within the right parietal lobe, while indirect implication was found for sites within the language, motor, or attentional networks. The right parietal lobe can be considered as causally influencing the gap acceptance decision. Other positive sites were all accompanied with dysfunction in other cognitive functions, and therefore should probably not be considered as the site of TTC estimation.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Brain/surgery ; Brain Mapping ; Cognition ; Language ; Parietal Lobe
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 195324-2
    ISSN 1097-4547 ; 0360-4012
    ISSN (online) 1097-4547
    ISSN 0360-4012
    DOI 10.1002/jnr.25279
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Deciding when to cross in front of an autonomous vehicle: How child and adult pedestrians respond to eHMI timing and vehicle kinematics.

    Devi Subramanian, Lakshmi / O'Neal, Elizabeth E / Kim, Nam-Yoon / Noonan, Megan / Plumert, Jodie M / Kearney, Joseph K

    Accident; analysis and prevention

    2024  Volume 202, Page(s) 107567

    Abstract: How autonomous vehicles (AVs) communicate their intentions to vulnerable road users (e.g., pedestrians) is a concern given the rapid growth and adoption of this technology. At present, little is known about how children respond to external Human Machine ... ...

    Abstract How autonomous vehicles (AVs) communicate their intentions to vulnerable road users (e.g., pedestrians) is a concern given the rapid growth and adoption of this technology. At present, little is known about how children respond to external Human Machine Interface (eHMI) signals from AVs. The current study examined how adults and children respond to the combination of explicit (eHMI signals) and implicit information (vehicle deceleration) to guide their road-crossing decisions. Children (8- to 12-year-olds) and adults made decisions about when to cross in front of a driverless car in an immersive virtual environment. The car sometimes stopped, either abruptly or gradually (manipulated within subjects), to allow participants to cross. When yielding, the car communicated its intent via a dome light that changed from red to green and varied in its timing onset (manipulated between subjects): early eHMI onset, late eHMI onset, or control (no eHMI). As expected, we found that both children and adults waited longer to enter the roadway when vehicles decelerated abruptly than gradually. However, adults responded to the early eHMI signal by crossing sooner when the cars decelerated either gradually or abruptly compared to the control condition. Children were heavily influenced by the late eHMI signal, crossing later when the eHMI signal appeared late and the vehicle decelerated either gradually or abruptly compared to the control condition. Unlike adults, children in the control condition behaved similarly to children in the early eHMI condition by crossing before the yielding vehicle came to a stop. Together, these findings suggest that early eHMI onset may lead to riskier behavior (initiating crossing well before a gradually decelerating vehicle comes to a stop), whereas late eHMI onset may lead to safer behavior (waiting for the eHMI signal to appear before initiating crossing). Without an eHMI signal, children show a concerning overreliance on gradual vehicle deceleration to judge yielding intent.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 210223-7
    ISSN 1879-2057 ; 0001-4575
    ISSN (online) 1879-2057
    ISSN 0001-4575
    DOI 10.1016/j.aap.2024.107567
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: How do bicyclists respond to vehicles with adaptive headlamp systems? A nighttime study in an immersive virtual environment.

    Devi Subramanian, Lakshmi / Sherony, Rini / Kearney, Joseph K / Plumert, Jodie M / O'Neal, Elizabeth E

    Journal of safety research

    2023  Volume 88, Page(s) 24–30

    Abstract: Introduction: The risk of motor vehicle-bicyclist crashes and fatalities is greater during nighttime than daytime lighting conditions, even though there are fewer cyclists on roadways at night. Vehicle Adaptive Headlamp Systems (AHS) aim to increase the ...

    Abstract Introduction: The risk of motor vehicle-bicyclist crashes and fatalities is greater during nighttime than daytime lighting conditions, even though there are fewer cyclists on roadways at night. Vehicle Adaptive Headlamp Systems (AHS) aim to increase the visibility of bicyclists for drivers by directing a spotlight to illuminate bicyclists on or near the roadway. AHS technology also serves to alert bicyclists to the approaching vehicle by illuminating the road beneath the rider and by projecting a warning icon on the roadway.
    Method: Here, we examined how bicyclists respond to different AHS designs using a large screen, immersive virtual environment. Participants bicycled along a virtual road during nighttime lighting conditions and were overtaken by vehicles with and without an AHS system. The experiment included five treatment conditions with five different AHS designs. In each design a box of white light was projected beneath the rider; in four of the designs an icon was also projected on the road that varied in color (white or red) and position (to the left of the rider at midline or to the left of the front wheel). Participants in the control condition experienced only non-AHS vehicles.
    Results: We found that riders in all AHS treatment conditions moved significantly farther away from overtaking vehicles with AHS systems, whereas riders in the control condition did not significantly move away from overtaking vehicles without AHS systems.
    Practical applications: The experiment demonstrates that AHS has potential to increase bicycling safety by influencing riders to steer away from overtaking vehicles.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Bicycling ; Accidents, Traffic/prevention & control ; Lighting ; Light ; Records
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2015321-1
    ISSN 1879-1247 ; 0022-4375
    ISSN (online) 1879-1247
    ISSN 0022-4375
    DOI 10.1016/j.jsr.2023.10.005
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Contra: Contrarian statistics for controlled variable selection.

    Sudarshan, Mukund / Puli, Aahlad / Subramanian, Lakshmi / Sankararaman, Sriram / Ranganath, Rajesh

    Proceedings of machine learning research

    2021  Volume 130, Page(s) 1900–1908

    Abstract: The holdout randomization test (HRT) discovers a set of covariates most predictive of a response. Given the covariate distribution, HRTs can explicitly control the false discovery rate (FDR). However, if this distribution is unknown and must be estimated ...

    Abstract The holdout randomization test (HRT) discovers a set of covariates most predictive of a response. Given the covariate distribution, HRTs can explicitly control the false discovery rate (FDR). However, if this distribution is unknown and must be estimated from data, HRTs can inflate the FDR. To alleviate the inflation of FDR, we propose the contrarian randomization test (CONTRA), which is designed explicitly for scenarios where the covariate distribution must be estimated from data and may even be misspecified. Our key insight is to use an equal mixture of two "contrarian" probabilistic models in determining the importance of a covariate. One model is fit with the real data, while the other is fit using the same data, but with the covariate being tested replaced with samples from an estimate of the covariate distribution. CONTRA is flexible enough to achieve a power of 1 asymptotically, can reduce the FDR compared to state-of-the-art CVS methods when the covariate distribution is misspecified, and is computationally efficient in high dimensions and large sample sizes. We further demonstrate the effectiveness of CONTRA on numerous synthetic benchmarks, and highlight its capabilities on a genetic dataset.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2640-3498
    ISSN (online) 2640-3498
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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