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Article ; Online: Public involvement and public engagement: An example of convergent evolution? Findings from a conceptual qualitative review of patient and public involvement, and public engagement, in health and scientific research.

Wilkinson, Clare / Gibson, Andy / Biddle, Michele / Hobbs, Laura

PEC innovation

2024 Volume 4, Page(s) 100281

Abstract: Objective: Patient and public involvement (PPI) in health research is now well-established, whilst science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) research has shifted from a focus on science communication alone to public engagement (PE) within ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Patient and public involvement (PPI) in health research is now well-established, whilst science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) research has shifted from a focus on science communication alone to public engagement (PE) within its research processes. Despite frequently drawing on similar theoretical influences, and practical motivations, there is often a lack of dialogue between such settings meaning shared learning, practice and evidence from these two sectors are rarely pooled. Methods: In this article, we examine findings from a conceptual review of literature gathered between 1996 and 2019. Results: Analyzing 142 peer-reviewed articles, we ascertain shared definitions and concepts in patient and public involvement and public engagement, identifying key differences and similarities. Conclusion: The literature we review supports the notion that, in terms of origins, there are two distinct traditions, one based in science communication and one based in what we describe as public involvement in shared decision-making. Innovation: We find evidence that the two traditions are converging but our work also calls for the need for further conversations between these two settings, which are exploring intersecting issues but from parallel pathways.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-07
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2772-6282
ISSN (online)	2772-6282
DOI	10.1016/j.pecinn.2024.100281
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Article ; Online: Impact of various buffers and weak bases on lysosomal and intracellular pH: Implications for infectivity of SARS-CoV-2.

Kraut, Jeffrey A / Cheetham-Wilkinson, Izaak J / Swan, Laura E / Stagi, Massimiliano / Kurtz, Ira

FASEB bioAdvances

2023 Volume 5, Issue 4, Page(s) 149–155

Abstract: Acidification of the cellular lysosome is an important factor in infection of mammalian cells by SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, raising the pH of the lysosome would theoretically be beneficial in prevention or treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Sodium ... ...

Abstract	Acidification of the cellular lysosome is an important factor in infection of mammalian cells by SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, raising the pH of the lysosome would theoretically be beneficial in prevention or treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Sodium bicarbonate, carbicarb, and THAM are buffers that can be used clinically to provide base to patients. To examine whether these bases could raise lysosomal pH and therefore be a primary or adjunctive treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection, we measured lysosomal and intracellular pH of mammalian cells after exposure to each of these bases. Mammalian HEK293 cells expressing RpH-LAMP1-3xFLAG, a ratiometric sensor of lysosomal luminal pH, were first exposed to Hepes which was then switched to sodium bicarbonate, carbicarb, or THAM and lysosomal pH measured. In bicarbonate buffer the mean lysosomal pH was 4.3 ± 0.1 (
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2573-9832
ISSN (online)	2573-9832
DOI	10.1096/fba.2022-00062
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Article ; Online: [Formula: see text]Neuropsychological outcomes in children and adolescents following anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis.

Wilkinson-Smith, Alison / Blackwell, Laura S / Howarth, Robyn A

Child neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence

2021 Volume 28, Issue 2, Page(s) 212–223

Abstract: Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis (ANMDARE) is a neurologic disorder that is becoming more recognized in children and adolescents. Early studies suggested that patients typically recover well, but more recent data suggests that children may ...

Abstract	Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis (ANMDARE) is a neurologic disorder that is becoming more recognized in children and adolescents. Early studies suggested that patients typically recover well, but more recent data suggests that children may experience persistent cognitive deficits, especially in verbal memory and executive functioning. The aims of this study are to evaluate areas of impairment and to characterize neuropsychological outcomes in pediatric patients with ANMDARE. This was a multi-centered retrospective chart review. We identified 23 pediatric patients who were, on average, 18.5 months from diagnosis. Patients underwent comprehensive neuropsychological assessment, including measures of intellectual functioning, memory, reading, verbal fluency, visuomotor skills, attention, and working memory. Caregiver ratings and information regarding resource utilization were also collected (e.g., formal school services, outpatient rehabilitation, psychological support). Neuropsychological impairment index (NPI) scores were calculated for each patient. Neuropsychological outcomes highlighted variability across individuals. Memory and fine motor dexterity were particularly impacted. Almost 90% of caregivers reported more concerns than average on at least one measure of emotional-behavioral, adaptive, or executive functioning. More than two-thirds of the sample were considered impaired based on NPI scores on performance measures. More than three quarters of the sample received outpatient intervention, most often consisting of school-based services. Our findings provide additional quantitative evidence that pediatric patients recovering from ANMDARE demonstrate ongoing cognitive concerns. While most patients experience remarkable recoveries following appropriate diagnosis and treatment, ongoing monitoring and support is recommended over time for these patients.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis ; Child ; Cognition Disorders ; Executive Function ; Humans ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Retrospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Multicenter Study
ZDB-ID	1262599-1
ISSN	1744-4136 ; 0929-7049
ISSN (online)	1744-4136
ISSN	0929-7049
DOI	10.1080/09297049.2021.1965110
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Article ; Online: Associations between dietary variety, portion size and body weight: prospective evidence from UK Biobank participants.

Embling, Rochelle / Price, Menna J / Lee, Michelle D / Jones, Alex / Wilkinson, Laura L

The British journal of nutrition

2023 Volume 130, Issue 7, Page(s) 1267–1277

Abstract: Dietary variety' has been identified as a factor associated with food intake. Whilst this relationship may have longer-term benefits for body weight management when eating low-energy, nutrient-dense foods, it may increase the risk of overconsumption ( ... ...

Abstract	'Dietary variety' has been identified as a factor associated with food intake. Whilst this relationship may have longer-term benefits for body weight management when eating low-energy, nutrient-dense foods, it may increase the risk of overconsumption (and body adiposity) when foods are high energy density. This study sought to further explore pathways underpinning the relationship between dietary variety and body weight, by considering energy density as a moderating factor and portion size as a mediating factor in this relationship. Using prospective data from the UK Biobank, dietary variety scores (DVS), cumulative portion size and energy density were derived from 24-h dietary recall questionnaires at baseline and follow-up. BMI, whole-body fat percentage and fat-free mass were included as outcomes. Contrary to predictions, linear multiple regression models found some evidence of a negative, direct association between DVS and body weight outcomes at baseline (
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Portion Size ; Body Mass Index ; Prospective Studies ; Biological Specimen Banks ; Energy Intake ; Body Weight ; Diet ; United Kingdom
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	280396-3
ISSN	1475-2662 ; 0007-1145
ISSN (online)	1475-2662
ISSN	0007-1145
DOI	10.1017/S0007114523000156
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Article ; Online: Common oncologic emergencies.

Regnier, Laura / Wilkinson, Anna N

Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien

2023 Volume 69, Issue 1, Page(s) 28–32

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Emergencies ; Neoplasms/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-21
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603565-6
ISSN	1715-5258 ; 0008-350X
ISSN (online)	1715-5258
ISSN	0008-350X
DOI	10.46747/cfp.690128
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Article ; Online: Evaluation of Existing Models to Estimate Sorption Coefficients for Ionisable Pharmaceuticals in Soils and Sludge.

Carter, Laura J / Wilkinson, John L / Boxall, Alistair B A

Toxics

2020 Volume 8, Issue 1

Abstract: In order to assess the environmental risk of a pharmaceutical, information is needed on the sorption of the compound to solids. Here we use a high-quality database of measured sorption coefficients, all determined following internationally recognised ... ...

Abstract	In order to assess the environmental risk of a pharmaceutical, information is needed on the sorption of the compound to solids. Here we use a high-quality database of measured sorption coefficients, all determined following internationally recognised protocols, to evaluate models that have been proposed for estimating sorption of pharmaceuticals from chemical structure, some of which are already being used for environmental risk assessment and prioritization purposes. Our analyses demonstrate that octanol-water partition coefficient (
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2733883-6
ISSN	2305-6304 ; 2305-6304
ISSN (online)	2305-6304
ISSN	2305-6304
DOI	10.3390/toxics8010013
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Article ; Online: Impact of various buffers and weak bases on lysosomal and intracellular pH

Jeffrey A. Kraut / Izaak J. Cheetham‐Wilkinson / Laura E. Swan / Massimiliano Stagi / Ira Kurtz

FASEB BioAdvances, Vol 5, Iss 4, Pp 149-

Implications for infectivity of SARS‐CoV‐2

2023 Volume 155

Abstract: Abstract Acidification of the cellular lysosome is an important factor in infection of mammalian cells by SARS‐CoV‐2. Therefore, raising the pH of the lysosome would theoretically be beneficial in prevention or treatment of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Sodium ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Acidification of the cellular lysosome is an important factor in infection of mammalian cells by SARS‐CoV‐2. Therefore, raising the pH of the lysosome would theoretically be beneficial in prevention or treatment of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Sodium bicarbonate, carbicarb, and THAM are buffers that can be used clinically to provide base to patients. To examine whether these bases could raise lysosomal pH and therefore be a primary or adjunctive treatment of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, we measured lysosomal and intracellular pH of mammalian cells after exposure to each of these bases. Mammalian HEK293 cells expressing RpH‐LAMP1‐3xFLAG, a ratiometric sensor of lysosomal luminal pH, were first exposed to Hepes which was then switched to sodium bicarbonate, carbicarb, or THAM and lysosomal pH measured. In bicarbonate buffer the mean lysosomal pH was 4.3 ± 0.1 (n = 20); p = NS versus Hepes (n = 20). The mean lysosomal pH in bicarbonate/carbonate was 4.3 ± 0.1 (n = 21) versus Hepes (n = 21), p = NS. In THAM buffer the mean lysosomal pH was 4.7 ± 0.07 (n = 20) versus Hepes (4.6 ± 0.1, n = 20), p = NS. In addition, there was no statistical difference between pHi in bicarbonate, carbicarb or THAM solutions. Using the membrane permeable base NH4Cl (5 mM), lysosomal pH increased significantly to 5.9 ± 0.1 (n = 21) compared to Hepes (4.5 ± 0.07, n = 21); p < 0.0001. Similarly, exposure to 1 mM hydroxychloroquine significantly increased the lysosomal pH to (5.9 ± 0.06, n = 20) versus Hepes (4.3 ± 0.1, n = 20), p < 0.0001. Separately steady‐state pHi was measured in HEK293 cells bathed in various buffers. In bicarbonate pHi was 7.29 ± 0.02 (n = 12) versus Hepes (7.45 ± 0.03, [n = 12]), p < 0.001. In cells bathed in carbicarb pHi was 7.27 ± 0.02 (n = 5) versus Hepes (7.43 ± 0.04, [n = 5]), p < 0.01. Cells bathed in THAM had a pHi of 7.25 ± 0.03 (n = 12) versus Hepes (7.44 ± 0.03 [n = 12]), p < 0.001. In addition, there was no statistical difference in pHi in bicarbonate, carbicarb or THAM solutions. The results of ...
Keywords	alkalinization ; carbicarb ; lysosomal pH ; sars‐Covid‐ 19 ; sodium bicarbonate ; tham ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	572
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Community-based COVID-19 outbreak of the B.1.1.7 (Alpha) variant of concern in Newfoundland, February to March 2021.

Nunn, Alexandra / Morrissey, Andrea / Crocker, Ashley / Patterson, Kaitlin / Stares, Joanne / Smith, Kerri / Gilbert, Laura / Wilkinson, Krista

Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada

2023 Volume 49, Issue 2-3, Page(s) 59–66

Abstract: Background: From March 2020 to January 2021, Newfoundland and Labrador experienced 408 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases (incidence 78 per 100,000). In February and March 2021, a community outbreak of the B.1.1.7 (Alpha) variant occurred in the ... ...

Abstract	Background: From March 2020 to January 2021, Newfoundland and Labrador experienced 408 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases (incidence 78 per 100,000). In February and March 2021, a community outbreak of the B.1.1.7 (Alpha) variant occurred in the Eastern Regional Health Authority. This article describes the epidemiology of this variant of concern outbreak, identifies settings that likely contributed to spread and informs recommendations for public health measures (PHMs). Methods: Provincial surveillance data were linked with case interview data and a school class roster. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to characterize the outbreak. Secondary attack rates (SAR) were calculated for households and classrooms. Results: This outbreak involved 577 laboratory-confirmed and 38 probable cases. Whole genome sequencing determined cases were B.1.1.7. The median age was 31 years and the highest proportion of cases were in the 15 to 19-year age group (29%); 293 (51%) were female and 140 (24%) were asymptomatic upon identification. Early cases were linked to a high school, sports activities, a restaurant and social gatherings. As the outbreak progressed, cases were associated with household transmission, a daycare, healthcare settings and a workplace. The unadjusted SAR estimate among laboratory-confirmed cases was 24.4% for households and 19.3% for classroom exposures. When adjusted for other potential exposures, SAR estimates were 19.9% for households and 11.3% for classrooms. Conclusion: This outbreak demonstrated how B.1.1.7 spread rapidly through a community with previously low COVID-19 transmission and few preventative PHMs in place. Implementation and compliance with school and community-based PHMs is critical for preventing transmission during outbreaks.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1146585-2
ISSN	1188-4169
ISSN	1188-4169
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Article ; Online: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on HIV Test Uptake Among People Who Inject Drugs in the Context of an HIV Outbreak.

Trayner, Kirsten M A / Yeung, Alan / Palmateer, Norah E / McAuley, Andrew / Wilkinson, Max / Craik, Julie / Metcalfe, Rebecca / Peters, Erica / Shepherd, Samantha J / Gunson, Rory N / Carter, Daniel / Sills, Laura / Hutchinson, Sharon J

AIDS and behavior

2024

Abstract: Glasgow, Scotland's largest city, has been experiencing an HIV outbreak among people who inject drugs (PWID) since 2015. A key focus of the public health response has been to increase HIV testing among those at risk of infection. Our aim was to assess ... ...

Abstract	Glasgow, Scotland's largest city, has been experiencing an HIV outbreak among people who inject drugs (PWID) since 2015. A key focus of the public health response has been to increase HIV testing among those at risk of infection. Our aim was to assess the impact of COVID-19 on HIV testing among PWID in Glasgow. HIV test uptake in the last 12 months was quantified among: (1) PWID recruited in six Needle Exchange Surveillance Initiative (NESI) surveys (n = 6110); linked laboratory data for (2) people prescribed opioid agonist therapy (OAT) (n = 14,527) and (3) people hospitalised for an injecting-related hospital admission (IRHA) (n = 12,621) across four time periods: pre-outbreak (2010-2014); early-outbreak (2015-2016); ongoing-outbreak (2017-2019); and COVID-19 (2020-June 21). From the pre to ongoing period, HIV testing increased: the highest among people recruited in NESI (from 28% to 56%) and on OAT (from 17% to 54%) while the lowest was among people with an IRHA (from 15% to 42%). From the ongoing to the COVID-19 period, HIV testing decreased markedly among people prescribed OAT, from 54% to 37% (aOR 0.50, 95% CI 0.48-0.53), but increased marginally among people with an IRHA from 42% to 47% (aOR 1.19, 95% CI 1.08-1.31). In conclusion, progress in increasing testing in response to the HIV outbreak has been eroded by COVID-19. Adoption of a linked data approach could be warranted in other settings to inform efforts to eliminate HIV transmission.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1339885-4
ISSN	1573-3254 ; 1090-7165
ISSN (online)	1573-3254
ISSN	1090-7165
DOI	10.1007/s10461-024-04311-4
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Article ; Online: Vestibular-guided visual search.

Smith, Laura / Gkioka, Annita / Wilkinson, David

Experimental brain research

2020 Volume 238, Issue 3, Page(s) 689–698

Abstract: The amnesic symptoms that accompany vestibular dysfunction point to a functional relationship between the vestibular and visual memory systems. However, little is known about the underpinning cognitive processes. As a starting point, we sought evidence ... ...

Abstract	The amnesic symptoms that accompany vestibular dysfunction point to a functional relationship between the vestibular and visual memory systems. However, little is known about the underpinning cognitive processes. As a starting point, we sought evidence for a type of cross-modal interaction commonly observed between other sensory modalities in which the identification of a target (in this case, visual) is facilitated if earlier coupled to a unique, temporally coincident stimulus from another sensory domain (in this case, vestibular). Participants first performed a visual detection task in which stimuli appeared at random locations within a computerised grid. Unknown to participants, the onset of one particular stimulus was accompanied by a brief, sub-sensory pulse of galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS). Across two visual search experiments, both old and new targets were identified faster when presented in the grid location at which the GVS-paired visual stimulus had appeared in the earlier detection task. This location advantage appeared to be based on relative rather than absolute spatial co-ordinates since the effect held when the search grid was rotated 90°. Together these findings indicate that when individuals return to a familiar visual scene (here, a 2D grid), visual judgements are facilitated when targets appear at a location previously associated with a unique, task-irrelevant vestibular cue. This novel case of multisensory interplay has broader implications for understanding how vestibular signals inform cognitive processes and helps constrain the growing therapeutic application of GVS.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Electric Stimulation ; Female ; Functional Laterality/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Memory/physiology ; Psychomotor Performance/physiology ; Sensation/physiology ; Vestibule, Labyrinth/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-08
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1201-4
ISSN	1432-1106 ; 0014-4819
ISSN (online)	1432-1106
ISSN	0014-4819
DOI	10.1007/s00221-020-05741-x
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