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Article ; Online: Spread of avian influenza among poultry specialists in England during winter 2022/23: National poultry housing order and environmental drivers.

Tammes, Peter

Dialogues in health

2024 Volume 4, Page(s) 100165

Abstract: Purpose: To examine the impact of the national poultry housing order the UK government introduced on 7 November 2022 on the spreading of the avian influenza virus among poultry premises.: Methods: A longitudinal design with 15 weeks of infected ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To examine the impact of the national poultry housing order the UK government introduced on 7 November 2022 on the spreading of the avian influenza virus among poultry premises. Methods: A longitudinal design with 15 weeks of infected poultry specialist incidence rates per 100 poultry specialists during the 2022/23 winter for 8 English regions. A multilevel regression model was used to analyse repeated measurements. Time was level-1 unit and regions level-2 unit resulting in 120 observations. Random intercept models included interactions between housing order and weekly infected wild birds, poultry density, or weekly average temperatures divided into terciles. In models where these variables were not included as an interaction term they were introduced as confounders. Results: After the introduction of the housing order, it took 3 weeks for a considerable reduction in poultry specialist incidence rates. Reduction in incidence rates was strongest in regions with highest poultry density, from 1.27 (95%CI 0.99 to 1.56) to 0.30 (95%CI 0.09 to 0.52). Considerable reductions were also seen in regions with most detected infected wild birds. Conclusion: The housing order was successful in reducing infected poultry specialist incidence rates three weeks after its introduction. Strongest impact in regions with highest poultry density.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2772-6533
ISSN (online)	2772-6533
DOI	10.1016/j.dialog.2024.100165
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Article ; Online: Spread of avian influenza among poultry specialists in England during winter 2022/23

Peter Tammes

Dialogues in Health, Vol 4, Iss , Pp 100165- (2024)

National poultry housing order and environmental drivers

2024

Abstract: Purpose: To examine the impact of the national poultry housing order the UK government introduced on 7 November 2022 on the spreading of the avian influenza virus among poultry premises. Methods: A longitudinal design with 15 weeks of infected poultry ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To examine the impact of the national poultry housing order the UK government introduced on 7 November 2022 on the spreading of the avian influenza virus among poultry premises. Methods: A longitudinal design with 15 weeks of infected poultry specialist incidence rates per 100 poultry specialists during the 2022/23 winter for 8 English regions. A multilevel regression model was used to analyse repeated measurements. Time was level-1 unit and regions level-2 unit resulting in 120 observations. Random intercept models included interactions between housing order and weekly infected wild birds, poultry density, or weekly average temperatures divided into terciles. In models where these variables were not included as an interaction term they were introduced as confounders. Results: After the introduction of the housing order, it took 3 weeks for a considerable reduction in poultry specialist incidence rates. Reduction in incidence rates was strongest in regions with highest poultry density, from 1.27 (95%CI 0.99 to 1.56) to 0.30 (95%CI 0.09 to 0.52). Considerable reductions were also seen in regions with most detected infected wild birds. Conclusion: The housing order was successful in reducing infected poultry specialist incidence rates three weeks after its introduction. Strongest impact in regions with highest poultry density.
Keywords	Virus surveillance ; avian influenza ; outbreak ; epidemiology ; housing order ; England ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	720
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: An Epidemiological Perspective on the Investigation of Genocide.

Tammes, Peter

Frontiers in epidemiology

2022 Volume 2, Page(s) 844895

Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2674-1199
ISSN (online)	2674-1199
DOI	10.3389/fepid.2022.844895
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Article ; Online: Social distancing, population density, and spread of COVID-19 in England: a longitudinal study.

Tammes, Peter

BJGP open

2020 Volume 4, Issue 3

Abstract: Background: The UK government introduced social distancing measures between 16-22 March 2020, aiming to slow down transmission of COVID-19.: Aim: To explore the spreading of COVID-19 in relation to population density after the introduction of social ... ...

Abstract	Background: The UK government introduced social distancing measures between 16-22 March 2020, aiming to slow down transmission of COVID-19. Aim: To explore the spreading of COVID-19 in relation to population density after the introduction of social distancing measures. Design & setting: Longitudinal design with 5-weekly COVID-19 incidence rates per 100 000 people for 149 English Upper Tier Local Authorities (UTLAs), between 16 March and 19 April 2020. Method: Multivariable multilevel model to analyse weekly incidence rates per 100 000 people; time was level-1 unit and UTLA level-2 unit. Population density was divided into quartiles. The model included an interaction between week and population density. Potential confounders were percentage aged ≥65, percentage non-white British, and percentage in two highest classes of the National Statistics Socioeconomic Classification. Co-variates were male life expectancy at birth, and COVID-19 prevalence rate per 100 000 people on March 15. Confounders and co-variates were standardised around the mean. Results: Incidence rates per 100 000 people peaked in the week of March 30-April 5, showing higher adjusted incidence rate per 100 000 people (46.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 40.6 to 51.8) in most densely populated ULTAs (quartile 4) than in less densely populated ULTAs (quartile 1: 33.3, 95% CI = 27.4 to 37.2; quartile 2: 35.9, 95% CI = 31.6 to 40.1). Thereafter, incidence rate dropped in the most densely populated ULTAs resulting in rate of 22.4 (95% CI = 16.9 to 28.0) in the week of April 13-19; this was lower than in quartiles 1, 2, and 3, respectively 31.4 (95% CI = 26.5 to 36.3), 34.2 (95% CI = 29.9 to 38.5), and 43.2 (95% CI = 39.0 to 47.4). Conclusion: After the introduction of social distancing measures, the incidence rates per 100 000 people dropped stronger in most densely populated ULTAs.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2398-3795
ISSN (online)	2398-3795
DOI	10.3399/bjgpopen20X101116
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Article: Medical sabotage by Jewish doctors in Nazi-occupied Netherlands and Holocaust survival.

Tammes, Peter

Medicine, conflict, and survival

2019 Volume 35, Issue 1, Page(s) 4–11

MeSH term(s)	Ethics, Medical ; History, 20th Century ; Holocaust ; Humans ; Jews/history ; National Socialism/history ; Netherlands ; Physicians/ethics ; Physicians/history ; Physicians/statistics & numerical data ; Survival Rate ; World War II
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Historical Article ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1314196-x
ISSN	1362-3699
ISSN	1362-3699
DOI	10.1080/13623699.2019.1589688
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Article ; Online: Associating Locality-Level Characteristics With Surviving the Holocaust: A Multilevel Approach to the Odds of Being Deported and to Risk of Death Among Jews Living in Dutch Municipalities.

Tammes, Peter

American journal of epidemiology

2019 Volume 188, Issue 5, Page(s) 896–906

Abstract: Characteristics of the localities in which Jews lived have received little attention in research on Holocaust-related deaths. We examined associations between locality-level and individual-level characteristics with the odds of being deported by applying ...

Abstract	Characteristics of the localities in which Jews lived have received little attention in research on Holocaust-related deaths. We examined associations between locality-level and individual-level characteristics with the odds of being deported by applying multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression models to data for about 118,000 Jews in 102 Dutch municipalities listed in 1941-1942 and linked to postwar victims and returnees lists. We examined associations between individual-level characteristics and risk of death of deported Jews in multilevel mixed-effects Weibull regression models. Locality-level characteristics, per standard deviation increase, associated with higher deportation chance were more collaborating policemen (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.12), strongest segregation mentality (OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.15, 3.50), and less employment in agriculture (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.88, 1.01). Higher percentage of Catholics (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.70, 0.94) and stronger electoral support for the National Socialist Movement (OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.85, 0.97) unexpectedly reduced deportation chance. Individual-level characteristics associated with lower deportation chance were female sex, ages 0-5 or 15-30 years, and being immigrants, intermarried, or converts to Christianity. Deported males aged 15-30 years had reduced risk of death between July 1942 and July 1943 but increased risk thereafter, consistent with young adult men being selected for work after deportation but this selection not offering long-term protection. Holocaust survival chances were influenced by both locality-level and individual-level characteristics.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Agriculture/statistics & numerical data ; Catholicism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cities ; Cooperative Behavior ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Employment/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; History, 20th Century ; Holocaust/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Jews/statistics & numerical data ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Residence Characteristics/statistics & numerical data ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Survivors/statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Historical Article ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2937-3
ISSN	1476-6256 ; 0002-9262
ISSN (online)	1476-6256
ISSN	0002-9262
DOI	10.1093/aje/kwz015
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Article ; Online: Social distancing, population density, and spread of COVID-19 in England

Peter Tammes

BJGP Open, Vol 4, Iss

a longitudinal study

2020 Volume 3

Abstract: Background: The UK government introduced social distancing measures between 16–22 March 2020, aiming to slow down transmission of COVID-19. Aim: To explore the spreading of COVID-19 in relation to population density after the introduction of social ... ...

Abstract	Background: The UK government introduced social distancing measures between 16–22 March 2020, aiming to slow down transmission of COVID-19. Aim: To explore the spreading of COVID-19 in relation to population density after the introduction of social distancing measures. Design & setting: Longitudinal design with 5-weekly COVID-19 incidence rates per 100 000 people for 149 English Upper Tier Local Authorities (UTLAs), between 16 March and 19 April 2020. Method: Multivariable multilevel model to analyse weekly incidence rates per 100 000 people; time was level-1 unit and UTLA level-2 unit. Population density was divided into quartiles. The model included an interaction between week and population density. Potential confounders were percentage aged ≥65, percentage non-white British, and percentage in two highest classes of the National Statistics Socioeconomic Classification. Co-variates were male life expectancy at birth, and COVID-19 prevalence rate per 100 000 people on March 15. Confounders and co-variates were standardised around the mean. Results: Incidence rates per 100 000 people peaked in the week of March 30–April 5, showing higher adjusted incidence rate per 100 000 people (46.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 40.6 to 51.8) in most densely populated ULTAs (quartile 4) than in less densely populated ULTAs (quartile 1: 33.3, 95% CI = 27.4 to 37.2; quartile 2: 35.9, 95% CI = 31.6 to 40.1). Thereafter, incidence rate dropped in the most densely populated ULTAs resulting in rate of 22.4 (95% CI = 16.9 to 28.0) in the week of April 13–19; this was lower than in quartiles 1, 2, and 3, respectively 31.4 (95% CI = 26.5 to 36.3), 34.2 (95% CI = 29.9 to 38.5), and 43.2 (95% CI = 39.0 to 47.4). Conclusion: After the introduction of social distancing measures, the incidence rates per 100 000 people dropped stronger in most densely populated ULTAs.
Keywords	covid-19 ; incidence rate ; population density ; primary health care ; social distancing ; england ; sars-cov-2 ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Royal College of General Practitioners
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Social distancing, population density, and spread of COVID-19 in England: a longitudinal study

Tammes, Peter

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The UK government introduced social distancing measures between 16-22 March 2020, aiming to slow down transmission of COVID-19. AIM: To explore the spreading of COVID-19 in relation to population density after the introduction of social ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: The UK government introduced social distancing measures between 16-22 March 2020, aiming to slow down transmission of COVID-19. AIM: To explore the spreading of COVID-19 in relation to population density after the introduction of social distancing measures. DESIGN & SETTING: Longitudinal design with 5-weekly COVID-19 incidence rates per 100 000 people for 149 English Upper Tier Local Authorities (UTLAs), between 16 March and 19 April 2020. METHOD: Multivariable multilevel model to analyse weekly incidence rates per 100 000 people; time was level-1 unit and UTLA level-2 unit. Population density was divided into quartiles. The model included an interaction between week and population density. Potential confounders were percentage aged ≥65, percentage non-white British, and percentage in two highest classes of the National Statistics Socioeconomic Classification. Co-variates were male life expectancy at birth, and COVID-19 prevalence rate per 100 000 people on March 15. Confounders and co-variates were standardised around the mean. RESULTS: Incidence rates per 100 000 people peaked in the week of March 30-April 5, showing higher adjusted incidence rate per 100 000 people (46.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 40.6 to 51.8) in most densely populated ULTAs (quartile 4) than in less densely populated ULTAs (quartile 1: 33.3, 95% CI = 27.4 to 37.2; quartile 2: 35.9, 95% CI = 31.6 to 40.1). Thereafter, incidence rate dropped in the most densely populated ULTAs resulting in rate of 22.4 (95% CI = 16.9 to 28.0) in the week of April 13-19; this was lower than in quartiles 1, 2, and 3, respectively 31.4 (95% CI = 26.5 to 36.3), 34.2 (95% CI = 29.9 to 38.5), and 43.2 (95% CI = 39.0 to 47.4). CONCLUSION: After the introduction of social distancing measures, the incidence rates per 100 000 people dropped stronger in most densely populated ULTAs.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #637926
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Social distancing, population density and spread of COVID-19 in England:longitudinal study

Tammes, Peter

Tammes , P 2020 , ' Social distancing, population density and spread of COVID-19 in England : longitudinal study ' , British Journal of General Practice Open . https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgpopen20X101116

2020

Abstract: Background: The UK government introduced social distancing measures between March 16-22, 2020, aiming to slow down transmission of COVID-19. Aim: To explore the spreading of COVID-19 in relation to population density after the introduction of social ... ...

Abstract	Background: The UK government introduced social distancing measures between March 16-22, 2020, aiming to slow down transmission of COVID-19. Aim: To explore the spreading of COVID-19 in relation to population density after the introduction of social distancing measures. Design & setting: Longitudinal design with 5 weekly COVID-19 incidence rates per 100,000 for 149 English Upper Tier Local Authorities (UTLAs), March 16-April 19. Method: Multivariable multilevel model to analyse weekly incidence rates per 100,000; time was level-1 unit and UTLA level-2 unit. Population density was divided into quartiles. The model included an interaction between week and population density. Potential confounders: percentage aged 65+, percentage non-white British, percentage in two highest classes of the National Statistics Socio-economic Classification. Co-variates: male life expectancy at birth, COVID-19 prevalence rate per 100,000 on March 15. Confounders and co-variates were standardized around the mean. Results: Incidence rates per 100,000 peaked in the week of March 30-April 5, showing higher adjusted incidence rate per 100,000 (46.2; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 40.6-51.8) in most densely populated ULTAs (quartile 4) than in less densely populated ULTAs (quartile 1: 33.3, 95%CI 27.4-37.2; quartile 2: 35.9, 95%CI 31.6-40.1). Thereafter, incidence rate dropped in the most densely populated ULTAs resulting in rate of 22.4 (95%CI 16.9-28.0) in the week of April 13-19; this was lower than in quartiles 1, 2, and 3, respectively 31.4 (95%CI 26.5-36.3), 34.2 (95%CI 29.9-38.5), and 43.2 (39.0-47.4). Conclusion: After the introduction of social distancing measures, the incidence rates per 100,000 dropped strongest in most densely populated ULTAs.
Keywords	/dk/atira/pure/core/keywords/uob_covid19 ; Covid19 ; COVID-19 ; incidence rate ; population density ; primary healthcare ; social distancing ; England ; /dk/atira/pure/researchoutput/pubmedpublicationtype/D016428 ; Journal Article ; covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-28
Publishing country	uk
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Surviving the Holocaust: Socio-demographic Differences Among Amsterdam Jews.

Tammes, Peter

European journal of population = Revue europeenne de demographie

2017 Volume 33, Issue 3, Page(s) 293–318

Abstract: This study determined the victimisation rate among Amsterdam Jews and socio-demographic differences in surviving the Holocaust. After linking a registration list of over 77,000 Jewish inhabitants in 1941 to post-war lists of Jewish victims and survivors, ...

Abstract	This study determined the victimisation rate among Amsterdam Jews and socio-demographic differences in surviving the Holocaust. After linking a registration list of over 77,000 Jewish inhabitants in 1941 to post-war lists of Jewish victims and survivors, the victimisation rate lies between 74.3 and 75.3 %. Differences in survival chances and risk of being killed are examined by using multivariable logistic and Cox regression analyses. While male Jews had a reduced risk of death, in the end their survival chances hardly differed from females. Though Jews aged 6-14 and 31-50 initially had a lower risk of death, in the end compared with Jews aged 15-30 they had lower survival chances, just as Jews aged 50+. For Jews aged 0-5, it was the other way around. Immigrants showed better survival chances than native Jews. German Jews showed better survival chances than Dutch Jews, but Polish and other Jewish nationals showed highest survival chances. Jews who had abandoned Judaism had better survival chances than Jews belonging to an Israelite congregation. Divorced, widowed and unmarried adult Jews had better survival chances than married Jews and their children; Jews married to non-Jews, however, had one of the highest survival chances. Jews in the two highest social classes had better survival chances than jobless Jews. These findings indicate that survival was not random but related to socio-demographic characteristics. This sheds light on demographic consequences of conflict and violence: Nazi persecution reduced the Amsterdam Jewish community drastically, and socio-demographic differences in survival impacted the post-war Jewish population structure.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-01-23
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2015429-X
ISSN	1572-9885 ; 0168-6577
ISSN (online)	1572-9885
ISSN	0168-6577
DOI	10.1007/s10680-016-9403-3
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