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Article: Voltage hysteresis during lithiation/delithiation of graphite associated with meta-stable carbon stackings

Mercer, Michael Peter / Peng, Chao / Soares, Cindy / Hoster, Harry Ernst / Kramer, Denis

Journal of materials chemistry A. 2021 Jan. 5, v. 9, no. 1

2021

Abstract: Cell voltage is a fundamental quantity used to monitor and control Li-ion batteries. The open circuit voltage (OCV) is of particular interest as it is believed to be a thermodynamic quantity, free of kinetic effects and history and, therefore, “simple” ... ...

Abstract	Cell voltage is a fundamental quantity used to monitor and control Li-ion batteries. The open circuit voltage (OCV) is of particular interest as it is believed to be a thermodynamic quantity, free of kinetic effects and history and, therefore, “simple” to interpret. Here we show that the OCV characteristics of graphite show hysteresis between charge and discharge that do not solely originate from Li dynamics and that the OCV is in fact history dependent. Combining first-principles calculations with temperature-controlled electrochemical measurements, we identify a residual hysteresis that persists even at elevated temperatures of greater than 50 °C due to differences in the phase succession between charge and discharge. Experimental entropy profiling, as well as energies and volume changes determined from first-principles calculations, suggest that the residual hysteresis is associated with different host lattice stackings of carbon and is related to Li disorder across planes in stage II configurations.
Keywords	electric potential difference ; electrochemistry ; entropy ; graphene ; hysteresis
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0105
Size	p. 492-504.
Publishing place	The Royal Society of Chemistry
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	2702232-8
ISSN	2050-7496 ; 2050-7488
ISSN (online)	2050-7496
ISSN	2050-7488
DOI	10.1039/d0ta10403e
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Specialist-led urgent cholecystectomy for acute gallstone disease.

Glaysher, Michael A / May-Miller, Peter / Carter, Nicholas C / van Boxel, Gijs / Pucher, Philip H / Knight, Benjamin C / Mercer, Stuart J

Surgical endoscopy

2022 Volume 37, Issue 2, Page(s) 1038–1043

Abstract: Background: Despite overwhelming evidence of the clinical and financial benefit of urgent cholecystectomy, there is variable enthusiasm and uptake across the UK. In 2014, following the First National Emergency Laparotomy Audit Organisational Report, we ... ...

Abstract	Background: Despite overwhelming evidence of the clinical and financial benefit of urgent cholecystectomy, there is variable enthusiasm and uptake across the UK. In 2014, following the First National Emergency Laparotomy Audit Organisational Report, we implemented a specialist-led urgent surgery service, whereby all patients with gallstone-related pathologies were admitted under the direct care of specialist upper gastrointestinal surgeons. We have analysed 5 years of data to investigate the results of this service model. Methods: Computerised operating theatre records were interrogated to identify all patients within a 5-year period undergoing cholecystectomy. Patient demographics, admission details, length of stay, duration of surgery, and complications were analysed. Results: Between 01/01/2016 and 31/12/2020, a total of 4870 cholecystectomies were performed; 1793 (36.8%) were urgent cases and 3077 (63.2%) were elective cases. All cases were started laparoscopically; 25 (0.5%) were converted to open surgery-14 of 1793 (0.78%) urgent cases and 11 of 3077 (0.36%) elective cases. Urgent cholecystectomy took 20 min longer than elective surgery (median 74 versus 52 min). No relevant difference in conversion rate was observed when urgent cholecystectomy was performed within 2 days, between 2 and 4 days, or greater than 4 days from admission (P = 0.197). Median total hospital stay was 4 days. Conclusion: Urgent laparoscopic cholecystectomy is safe and feasible in most patients with acute gall bladder disease. Surgery under the direct care of upper gastrointestinal specialist surgeons is associated with a low conversion rate, low complication rate, and short hospital stay. Timing of surgery has no effect on conversion rate or complication rate.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Gallstones/surgery ; Cholecystectomy ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic/methods ; Gallbladder Diseases/surgery ; Hospitalization ; Length of Stay ; Acute Disease
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-13
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639039-0
ISSN	1432-2218 ; 0930-2794
ISSN (online)	1432-2218
ISSN	0930-2794
DOI	10.1007/s00464-022-09591-2
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Article ; Online: Effect of Implementation of HEART Chest Pain Protocol on Emergency Department Disposition, Testing and Cost.

Bylund, William E / Cole, Peter M / Lloyd, Michael L / Mercer, Anastasia A / Osit, Amanda K / Hussain, Sarah W / Lawrence, Matthew W / Gaspary, Micah J

The western journal of emergency medicine

2021 Volume 22, Issue 2, Page(s) 308–318

Abstract: Background: Symptoms concerning for acute coronary syndromes (ACS) such as chest pain and dyspnea are some of the most common reasons for presenting to an emergency department (ED). The HEART score (history, electrocardiogram, age, risk factors and ... ...

Abstract	Background: Symptoms concerning for acute coronary syndromes (ACS) such as chest pain and dyspnea are some of the most common reasons for presenting to an emergency department (ED). The HEART score (history, electrocardiogram, age, risk factors and troponin) was developed and has been externally validated in an emergency setting to determine which patients with chest pain are at increased risk for poor outcomes. Our hospital adopted a HEART score-based protocol in late 2015 to facilitate the management and disposition of these patients. In this study we aimed to analyze the effects of the adoption of this protocol. Prior studies have included only patients with chest pain. We included both patients with chest pain and patients with only atypical symptoms. Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of two cohorts. We identified ED charts from six-month periods prior to and after adoption of our HEART score-based protocol. Patients in whom an electrocardiogram and troponin were ordered were eligible for inclusion. We analyzed data for patients with typical symptoms (chest pain) and atypical symptoms both together and separately. Results: We identified 1546 charts in the pre-adoption cohort and 1623 in the post-adoption cohort that met criteria. We analyzed the first 900 charts in each group. Discharges from the ED increased (odds ratio [OR[1.56, P<.001), and admissions for cardiac workup decreased (OR 0.46, P <.001). ED length of stay was 17 minutes shorter (P = .01). Stress testing decreased (OR 0.47, P<.001). We estimate a cost savings for our hospital system of over $4.5 million annually. There was no significant difference in inpatient length of stay or catheterization rate. When analyzing typical and atypical patients separately, these results held true. Conclusion: After adoption of a HEART score-based protocol, discharges from the ED increased with a corresponding decrease in admissions for cardiac evaluations as well as cost. These effects were similar in patients presenting without chest pain but with presentations concerning for ACS.
MeSH term(s)	Acute Coronary Syndrome/diagnosis ; Acute Coronary Syndrome/therapy ; Chest Pain/diagnosis ; Clinical Protocols/standards ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Emergency Medical Services/methods ; Emergency Medical Services/organization & administration ; Emergency Medical Services/standards ; Emergency Service, Hospital/organization & administration ; Female ; Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Quality Improvement ; Retrospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2375700-0
ISSN	1936-9018 ; 1936-9018
ISSN (online)	1936-9018
ISSN	1936-9018
DOI	10.5811/westjem.2020.9.48903
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Article ; Online: Sodiation Of Hard Carbon: How Separating Enthalpy And Entropy Contributions Can Find Transitions Hidden In The Voltage Profile.

Mercer, Michael Peter / Affleck, Sam / Gavilán-Arriazu, Edgardo Maximiliano / Zülke, Alana Aragón / Maughan, Philip A / Trivedi, Shivam / Fichtner, Maximilian / Reddy Munnangi, Anji / Leiva, Ezequiel P M / Hoster, Harry Ernst

Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry

2022 Volume 23, Issue 5, Page(s) e202100748

Abstract: Sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) utilize cheaper materials than lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and can thus be used in larger scale applications. The preferred anode material is hard carbon, because sodium cannot be inserted into graphite. We apply experimental ...

Abstract	Sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) utilize cheaper materials than lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and can thus be used in larger scale applications. The preferred anode material is hard carbon, because sodium cannot be inserted into graphite. We apply experimental entropy profiling (EP), where the cell temperature is changed under open circuit conditions. EP has been used to characterize LIBs; here, we demonstrate the first application of EP to any NIB material. The voltage versus sodiation fraction curves (voltage profiles) of hard carbon lack clear features, consisting only of a slope and a plateau, making it difficult to clarify the structural features of hard carbon that could optimize cell performance. We find additional features through EP that are masked in the voltage profiles. We fit lattice gas models of hard carbon sodiation to experimental EP and system enthalpy, obtaining: 1. a theoretical maximum capacity, 2. interlayer versus pore filled sodium with state of charge.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-08
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2025223-7
ISSN	1439-7641 ; 1439-4235
ISSN (online)	1439-7641
ISSN	1439-4235
DOI	10.1002/cphc.202100748
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Article ; Online: Deep water acoustic range estimation based on an ocean general circulation model: Application to PhilSea10 data.

Wu, Mengyu / Barmin, Mikhail P / Andrew, Rex K / Weichman, Peter B / White, Andrew W / Lavely, Eugene M / Dzieciuch, Matthew A / Mercer, James A / Worcester, Peter F / Ritzwoller, Michael H

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

2020 Volume 146, Issue 6, Page(s) 4754

Abstract: This study identifies general characteristics of methods to estimate the absolute range between an acoustic transmitter and a receiver in the deep ocean. The data are from three days of the PhilSea10 experiment with a single fixed transmitter depth (∼998 ...

Abstract	This study identifies general characteristics of methods to estimate the absolute range between an acoustic transmitter and a receiver in the deep ocean. The data are from three days of the PhilSea10 experiment with a single fixed transmitter depth (∼998 m) and 150 receiver depths (∼210-5388 m) of known location, and a great-circle transmitter-receiver distance of ∼510 km. The proposed ranging methods compare observed acoustic records with synthetic records computed through the HYCOM (hybrid coordinate ocean model) model. More than 8900 transmissions over 3 days characterize the statistical variation of range errors. Reliable ranging methods de-emphasize the parts of the data records least likely to be reproduced by the synthetics, which include arrival amplitudes, the later parts of the acoustic records composed of nearly horizontally launched rays (i.e., the finale), and waves that sample a narrow span of ocean depths. The ranging methods proposed normalize amplitudes, measure travel times, or reject parts of the waveforms beyond a critical time. All deliver reliable range estimates based on the time and path-averaged HYCOM model, although the final method performs best. The principles behind these methods are transportable and expected to provide reliable range estimates in different deep water settings.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	219231-7
ISSN	1520-8524 ; 0001-4966
ISSN (online)	1520-8524
ISSN	0001-4966
DOI	10.1121/1.5138606
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Article ; Online: Resource Utilization in the First 2 Years Following Operative Correction for Tetralogy of Fallot: Study Using Data From the Optum's De-Identified Clinformatics Data Mart Insurance Claims Database.

O'Byrne, Michael L / DeCost, Grace / Katcoff, Hannah / Savla, Jill J / Chang, Joyce / Goldmuntz, Elizabeth / Groeneveld, Peter W / Rossano, Joseph W / Faerber, Jennifer A / Mercer-Rosa, Laura

Journal of the American Heart Association

2020 Volume 9, Issue 15, Page(s) e016581

Abstract: Background Despite excellent operative survival, correction of tetralogy of Fallot frequently is accompanied by residual lesions that may affect health beyond the incident hospitalization. Measuring resource utilization, specifically cost and length of ... ...

Abstract	Background Despite excellent operative survival, correction of tetralogy of Fallot frequently is accompanied by residual lesions that may affect health beyond the incident hospitalization. Measuring resource utilization, specifically cost and length of stay, provides an integrated measure of morbidity not appreciable in traditional outcomes. Methods and Results We conducted a retrospective cohort study, using de-identified commercial insurance claims data, of 269 children who underwent operative correction of tetralogy of Fallot from January 2004 to September 2015 with ≥2 years of continuous follow-up (1) to describe resource utilization for the incident hospitalization and subsequent 2 years, (2) to determine whether prolonged length of stay (>7 days) in the incident hospitalization was associated with increased subsequent resource utilization, and (3) to explore whether there was regional variation in resource utilization with both direct comparisons and multivariable models adjusting for known covariates. Subjects with prolonged incident hospitalization length of stay demonstrated greater resource utilization (total cost as well as counts of outpatient visits, hospitalizations, and catheterizations) after hospital discharge (
MeSH term(s)	Child, Preschool ; Databases, Factual ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Length of Stay/economics ; Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Tetralogy of Fallot/economics ; Tetralogy of Fallot/surgery
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2653953-6
ISSN	2047-9980 ; 2047-9980
ISSN (online)	2047-9980
ISSN	2047-9980
DOI	10.1161/JAHA.120.016581
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Article ; Online: Repurposing Pyramax®, quinacrine and tilorone as treatments for Ebola virus disease.

Lane, Thomas R / Dyall, Julie / Mercer, Luke / Goodin, Caleb / Foil, Daniel H / Zhou, Huanying / Postnikova, Elena / Liang, Janie Y / Holbrook, Michael R / Madrid, Peter B / Ekins, Sean

Antiviral research

2020 Volume 182, Page(s) 104908

Abstract: We have recently identified three molecules (tilorone, quinacrine and pyronaridine tetraphosphate) which all demonstrated efficacy in the mouse model of infection with mouse-adapted Ebola virus (EBOV) model of disease and had similar in vitro inhibition ... ...

Abstract	We have recently identified three molecules (tilorone, quinacrine and pyronaridine tetraphosphate) which all demonstrated efficacy in the mouse model of infection with mouse-adapted Ebola virus (EBOV) model of disease and had similar in vitro inhibition of an Ebola pseudovirus (VSV-EBOV-GP), suggesting they interfere with viral entry. Using a machine learning model to predict lysosomotropism these compounds were evaluated for their ability to possess a lysosomotropic mechanism in vitro. We now demonstrate in vitro that pyronaridine tetraphosphate is an inhibitor of Lysotracker accumulation in lysosomes (IC50 = 0.56 μM). Further, we evaluated antiviral synergy between pyronaridine and artesunate (Pyramax®), which are used in combination to treat malaria. Artesunate was not found to have lysosomotropic activity in vitro and the combination effect on EBOV inhibition was shown to be additive. Pyramax® may represent a unique example of the repurposing of a combination product for another disease.
MeSH term(s)	Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Artesunate/therapeutic use ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Repositioning ; Drug Synergism ; Ebolavirus/drug effects ; HeLa Cells ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/drug therapy ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/virology ; Humans ; Lysosomes/drug effects ; MCF-7 Cells ; Machine Learning ; Naphthyridines/therapeutic use ; Quinacrine/therapeutic use ; Tilorone/therapeutic use ; Virus Internalization/drug effects
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents ; Drug Combinations ; Naphthyridines ; pyronaridine tetraphosphate, artesunate drug combination ; Artesunate (60W3249T9M) ; Quinacrine (H0C805XYDE) ; Tilorone (O6W7VEW6KS)
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-13
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
ZDB-ID	306628-9
ISSN	1872-9096 ; 0166-3542
ISSN (online)	1872-9096
ISSN	0166-3542
DOI	10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104908
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Article ; Online: The Coronavirus Standards Working Group's roadmap for improved population testing.

Mercer, Tim / Almond, Neil / Crone, Michael A / Chain, Patrick S G / Deshpande, Alina / Eveleigh, Deepa / Freemont, Paul / Fuchs, Sebastien / Garlick, Russell / Huggett, Jim / Kammel, Martin / Li, Po-E / Milavec, Mojca / Marlowe, Elizabeth M / O'Sullivan, Denise M / Page, Mark / Pestano, Gary A / Suliman, Sara / Simen, Birgitte /

Sninsky, John J / Sopchak, Lynne / Tato, Cristina M / Vallone, Peter M / Vandesompele, Jo / White, Thomas J / Zeichhardt, Heinz / Salit, Marc

Nature biotechnology

2022 Volume 40, Issue 11, Page(s) 1563–1568

MeSH term(s)	Coronavirus
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1311932-1
ISSN	1546-1696 ; 1087-0156
ISSN (online)	1546-1696
ISSN	1087-0156
DOI	10.1038/s41587-022-01538-1
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Article ; Online: Seed amplification and neurodegeneration marker trajectories in individuals at risk of prion disease.

Mok, Tze How / Nihat, Akin / Majbour, Nour / Sequeira, Danielle / Holm-Mercer, Leah / Coysh, Thomas / Darwent, Lee / Batchelor, Mark / Groveman, Bradley R / Orr, Christina D / Hughson, Andrew G / Heslegrave, Amanda / Laban, Rhiannon / Veleva, Elena / Paterson, Ross W / Keshavan, Ashvini / Schott, Jonathan M / Swift, Imogen J / Heller, Carolin /

Rohrer, Jonathan D / Gerhard, Alexander / Butler, Christopher / Rowe, James B / Masellis, Mario / Chapman, Miles / Lunn, Michael P / Bieschke, Jan / Jackson, Graham S / Zetterberg, Henrik / Caughey, Byron / Rudge, Peter / Collinge, John / Mead, Simon

Brain : a journal of neurology

2023 Volume 146, Issue 6, Page(s) 2570–2583

Abstract: Human prion diseases are remarkable for long incubation times followed typically by rapid clinical decline. Seed amplification assays and neurodegeneration biofluid biomarkers are remarkably useful in the clinical phase, but their potential to predict ... ...

Abstract	Human prion diseases are remarkable for long incubation times followed typically by rapid clinical decline. Seed amplification assays and neurodegeneration biofluid biomarkers are remarkably useful in the clinical phase, but their potential to predict clinical onset in healthy people remains unclear. This is relevant not only to the design of preventive strategies in those at-risk of prion diseases, but more broadly, because prion-like mechanisms are thought to underpin many neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we report the accrual of a longitudinal biofluid resource in patients, controls and healthy people at risk of prion diseases, to which ultrasensitive techniques such as real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) and single molecule array (Simoa) digital immunoassays were applied for preclinical biomarker discovery. We studied 648 CSF and plasma samples, including 16 people who had samples taken when healthy but later developed inherited prion disease (IPD) ('converters'; range from 9.9 prior to, and 7.4 years after onset). Symptomatic IPD CSF samples were screened by RT-QuIC assay variations, before testing the entire collection of at-risk samples using the most sensitive assay. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light (NfL), tau and UCH-L1 levels were measured in plasma and CSF. Second generation (IQ-CSF) RT-QuIC proved 100% sensitive and specific for sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), iatrogenic and familial CJD phenotypes, and subsequently detected seeding activity in four presymptomatic CSF samples from three E200K carriers; one converted in under 2 months while two remain asymptomatic after at least 3 years' follow-up. A bespoke HuPrP P102L RT-QuIC showed partial sensitivity for P102L disease. No compatible RT-QuIC assay was discovered for classical 6-OPRI, A117V and D178N, and these at-risk samples tested negative with bank vole RT-QuIC. Plasma GFAP and NfL, and CSF NfL levels emerged as proximity markers of neurodegeneration in the typically slow IPDs (e.g. P102L), with significant differences in mean values segregating healthy control from IPD carriers (within 2 years to onset) and symptomatic IPD cohorts; plasma GFAP appears to change before NfL, and before clinical conversion. In conclusion, we show distinct biomarker trajectories in fast and slow IPDs. Specifically, we identify several years of presymptomatic seeding positivity in E200K, a new proximity marker (plasma GFAP) and sequential neurodegenerative marker evolution (plasma GFAP followed by NfL) in slow IPDs. We suggest a new preclinical staging system featuring clinical, seeding and neurodegeneration aspects, for validation with larger prion at-risk cohorts, and with potential application to other neurodegenerative proteopathies.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; tau Proteins/metabolism ; Prion Diseases ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome ; Prions ; Biomarkers
Chemical Substances	tau Proteins ; Prions ; Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80072-7
ISSN	1460-2156 ; 0006-8950
ISSN (online)	1460-2156
ISSN	0006-8950
DOI	10.1093/brain/awad101
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Article ; Online: Effect of Implementation of HEART Chest Pain Protocol on Emergency Department Disposition, Testing and Cost

William E. Bylund / Peter M. Cole / Michael L. Lloyd / Anastasia A. Mercer / Amanda K. Osit / Sarah W. Hussain / Matthew W. Lawrence / Micah J. Gaspary

Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, Vol 22, Iss

2020 Volume 2

Abstract	Background: Symptoms concerning for acute coronary syndromes (ACS) such as chest pain and dyspnea are some of the most common reasons for presenting to an emergency department (ED). The HEART score (history, electrocardiogram, age, risk factors and troponin) was developed and has been externally validated in an emergency setting to determine which patients with chest pain are at increased risk for poor outcomes. Our hospital adopted a HEART score-based protocol in late 2015 to facilitate the management and disposition of these patients. In this study we aimed to analyze the effects of the adoption of this protocol. Prior studies have included only patients with chest pain. We included both patients with chest pain and patients with only atypical symptoms. Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of two cohorts. We identified ED charts from six-month periods prior to and after adoption of our HEART score-based protocol. Patients in whom an electrocardiogram and troponin were ordered were eligible for inclusion. We analyzed data for patients with typical symptoms (chest pain) and atypical symptoms both together and separately. Results: We identified 1546 charts in the pre-adoption cohort and 1623 in the post-adoption cohort that met criteria. We analyzed the first 900 charts in each group. Discharges from the ED increased (odds ratio [OR[1.56, P<.001), and admissions for cardiac workup decreased (OR 0.46, P <.001). ED length of stay was 17 minutes shorter (P = .01). Stress testing decreased (OR 0.47, P<.001). We estimate a cost savings for our hospital system of over $4.5 million annually. There was no significant difference in inpatient length of stay or catheterization rate. When analyzing typical and atypical patients separately, these results held true. Conclusion: After adoption of a HEART score-based protocol, discharges from the ED increased with a corresponding decrease in admissions for cardiac evaluations as well as cost. These effects were similar in patients presenting without chest pain ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ; RC86-88.9
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	eScholarship Publishing, University of California
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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