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Article: Effects of Dietary Supplementation With

Li, Yang / Wang, Yiqiang / Lv, Jingyi / Dou, Xiujing / Zhang, Yonggen

2021 Volume 8, Page(s) 763700

Abstract: In China, the use of antibiotics growth promoters as feed additives has been banned. The goal of raising dairy heifers is to gain a relatively high body weight on a high-fiber diet at first mating or calving, thus increasing economic benefits. The ... ...

Abstract	In China, the use of antibiotics growth promoters as feed additives has been banned. The goal of raising dairy heifers is to gain a relatively high body weight on a high-fiber diet at first mating or calving, thus increasing economic benefits. The objective of this experiment was to explore the effects of supplemental
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2776676-7
ISSN	2296-861X
ISSN	2296-861X
DOI	10.3389/fnut.2021.763700
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Article ; Online: Sodium butyrate alleviates LPS-induced kidney injury via inhibiting TLR2/4 to regulate rBD2 expression.

Dou, Xiujing / Yan, Di / Ma, Ziwen / Gao, Nan / Shan, Anshan

Journal of food biochemistry

2022 Volume 46, Issue 7, Page(s) e14126

Abstract: Defensins represent an integral part of the innate immune system to ward off potential pathogens. The study used a rat model to investigate mechanisms by which sodium butyrate (NaB) regulates β-defensin to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ... ...

Abstract	Defensins represent an integral part of the innate immune system to ward off potential pathogens. The study used a rat model to investigate mechanisms by which sodium butyrate (NaB) regulates β-defensin to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nephrotoxicity. We found that NaB alleviated LPS-induced renal structural damage, as judged by reduced renal lesions and improved glomerular vascular structure. In addition, elevated levels of indicators of kidney damage creatinine and blood urine nitrogen, inflammatory mediators TNF-α, and IL-6 dropped after NaB administration. Rat β-defensin 2 (rBD2), as estimated by mRNA level, was significantly higher in LPS-treated kidneys, whereas the changes of rBD2 reduced in NaB-treated kidneys. In addition, NaB alleviated LPS-induced increase in TLRs mRNA expression. Mechanistically, the present study indicates that NaB has nephroprotective activity resulting from modulation of TLR2/4 to regulate rBD2 expression hence curbing inflammation. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In practice, adding NaB to diet can improve animal performance. Our results suggest that dietary supplementation of NaB increases animal feed intake and improves the body's defense ability to relieve inflammation caused by bacteria. Especially in the age of resistance prohibition, sodium butyrate can partially replace antibiotics to induce the expression of body defensin. It may become a health care product to enhance the body's immunity.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Butyric Acid/pharmacology ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Kidney/metabolism ; Kidney/physiopathology ; Lipopolysaccharides/adverse effects ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Toll-Like Receptor 2/genetics ; Toll-Like Receptor 2/metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/genetics ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism ; beta-Defensins/genetics
Chemical Substances	Lipopolysaccharides ; RNA, Messenger ; Tlr2 protein, rat ; Tlr4 protein, rat ; Toll-Like Receptor 2 ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; beta-Defensins ; Butyric Acid (107-92-6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	433846-7
ISSN	1745-4514 ; 0145-8884
ISSN (online)	1745-4514
ISSN	0145-8884
DOI	10.1111/jfbc.14126
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Article ; Online: Thymol Alleviates LPS-Induced Liver Inflammation and Apoptosis by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and the AMPK-mTOR-Autophagy Pathway.

Dou, Xiujing / Yan, Di / Liu, Siqi / Gao, Lujia / Shan, Anshan

Nutrients

2022 Volume 14, Issue 14

Abstract: Thymol is a natural antibacterial agent found in the essential oil extracted from thyme, which has been proven to be beneficial in food and medicine. Meanwhile, the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and autophagy ... ...

Abstract	Thymol is a natural antibacterial agent found in the essential oil extracted from thyme, which has been proven to be beneficial in food and medicine. Meanwhile, the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and autophagy have been reported to play key roles in the progression of liver injury. However, the effects of thymol on the NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy in protecting the liver remain unclear. The present study used a mouse model with liver injury induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of thymol. We found that thymol alleviated LPS-induced liver structural damage, as judged by reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and improved structure. In addition, elevated levels of the liver damage indicators (alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and total bilirubin (TBIL)) dropped after thymol administration. The mRNA and protein expression of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-22), apoptosis-related genes (caspase3 and caspase9), and the activity of apoptosis-related genes (caspase3 and caspase9) were increased in LPS-treated livers, whereas the changes were alleviated after thymol administration. Thymol inhibited LPS-induced increment in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in primary hepatocytes of the mouse. In addition, thymol protected mice from liver injury by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by LPS. Mechanistically, the present study indicates that thymol has liver protective activity resulting from the modulation of the AMP-activated protein kinase-mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPK-mTOR) to regulate the autophagy pathway, hence curbing inflammation.
MeSH term(s)	AMP-Activated Protein Kinases ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; Hepatitis/drug therapy ; Inflammasomes/metabolism ; Inflammation/drug therapy ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides/toxicity ; Mice ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/genetics ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Thymol/pharmacology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Inflammasomes ; Lipopolysaccharides ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein ; Nlrp3 protein, mouse ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Thymol (3J50XA376E) ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases (EC 2.7.11.1) ; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.11.31)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu14142809
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Article: Sodium Butyrate Alleviates Mouse Colitis by Regulating Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis.

Dou, Xiujing / Gao, Nan / Yan, Di / Shan, Anshan

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

2020 Volume 10, Issue 7

Abstract: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) develops as a result of complicated interactions between genetic susceptibility, excessive innate immunity, and environmental factors, which are mainly related to the gut microbiota. The present study aimed to elucidate ... ...

Abstract	Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) develops as a result of complicated interactions between genetic susceptibility, excessive innate immunity, and environmental factors, which are mainly related to the gut microbiota. The present study aimed to elucidate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of a short-chain fatty acid salt, sodium butyrate, on colonic inflammation induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice. Pretreatment with sodium butyrate attenuated colitis, as demonstrated by the decreased disease activity index (DAI), colon length shortening, spleen tumidness, and histopathology scores, while maintaining intestinal barrier integrity, as observed by H&E staining and electron microscopy. 16S rRNA sequence analysis revealed that sodium butyrate caused a remarkable alteration of the gut microbiota.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani10071154
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Article: Thymol Alleviates LPS-Induced Liver Inflammation and Apoptosis by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and the AMPK-mTOR-Autophagy Pathway

Dou, Xiujing / Yan, Di / Liu, Siqi / Gao, Lujia / Shan, Anshan

Nutrients. 2022 July 08, v. 14, no. 14

2022

Abstract	Thymol is a natural antibacterial agent found in the essential oil extracted from thyme, which has been proven to be beneficial in food and medicine. Meanwhile, the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and autophagy have been reported to play key roles in the progression of liver injury. However, the effects of thymol on the NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy in protecting the liver remain unclear. The present study used a mouse model with liver injury induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of thymol. We found that thymol alleviated LPS-induced liver structural damage, as judged by reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and improved structure. In addition, elevated levels of the liver damage indicators (alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and total bilirubin (TBIL)) dropped after thymol administration. The mRNA and protein expression of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-22), apoptosis-related genes (caspase3 and caspase9), and the activity of apoptosis-related genes (caspase3 and caspase9) were increased in LPS-treated livers, whereas the changes were alleviated after thymol administration. Thymol inhibited LPS-induced increment in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in primary hepatocytes of the mouse. In addition, thymol protected mice from liver injury by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by LPS. Mechanistically, the present study indicates that thymol has liver protective activity resulting from the modulation of the AMP-activated protein kinase—mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPK–mTOR) to regulate the autophagy pathway, hence curbing inflammation.
Keywords	alanine transaminase ; apoptosis ; aspartate transaminase ; autophagy ; bilirubin ; essential oils ; hepatocytes ; inflammasomes ; inflammation ; lactate dehydrogenase ; lipopolysaccharides ; liver ; medicine ; mice ; protein synthesis ; rapamycin ; thyme ; thymol
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0708
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu14142809
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Sodium butyrate alleviates LPS‐induced kidney injury via inhibiting TLR2/4 to regulate rBD2 expression

Dou, Xiujing / Yan, Di / Ma, Ziwen / Gao, Nan / Shan, Anshan

Journal of food biochemistry. 2022 July, v. 46, no. 7

2022

Abstract: Defensins represent an integral part of the innate immune system to ward off potential pathogens. The study used a rat model to investigate mechanisms by which sodium butyrate (NaB) regulates β‐defensin to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced ... ...

Abstract	Defensins represent an integral part of the innate immune system to ward off potential pathogens. The study used a rat model to investigate mechanisms by which sodium butyrate (NaB) regulates β‐defensin to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced nephrotoxicity. We found that NaB alleviated LPS‐induced renal structural damage, as judged by reduced renal lesions and improved glomerular vascular structure. In addition, elevated levels of indicators of kidney damage creatinine and blood urine nitrogen, inflammatory mediators TNF‐α, and IL‐6 dropped after NaB administration. Rat β‐defensin 2 (rBD2), as estimated by mRNA level, was significantly higher in LPS‐treated kidneys, whereas the changes of rBD2 reduced in NaB‐treated kidneys. In addition, NaB alleviated LPS‐induced increase in TLRs mRNA expression. Mechanistically, the present study indicates that NaB has nephroprotective activity resulting from modulation of TLR2/4 to regulate rBD2 expression hence curbing inflammation. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In practice, adding NaB to diet can improve animal performance. Our results suggest that dietary supplementation of NaB increases animal feed intake and improves the body's defense ability to relieve inflammation caused by bacteria. Especially in the age of resistance prohibition, sodium butyrate can partially replace antibiotics to induce the expression of body defensin. It may become a health care product to enhance the body's immunity.
Keywords	animal models ; animal performance ; blood ; creatinine ; dietary supplements ; feed intake ; feeds ; gene expression ; health services ; inflammation ; innate immunity ; interleukin-6 ; kidneys ; lipopolysaccharides ; nephroprotective effect ; nephrotoxicity ; nitrogen ; rats ; sodium butyrate ; urine
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-07
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	433846-7
ISSN	1745-4514 ; 0145-8884
ISSN (online)	1745-4514
ISSN	0145-8884
DOI	10.1111/jfbc.14126
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Host Defense Peptides in Nutrition and Diseases: A Contributor of Immunology Modulation.

Dou, Xiujing / Yan, Di / Liu, Siqi / Gao, Nan / Ma, Ziwen / Shi, Zixuan / Dong, Na / Shan, Anshan

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry

2023

Abstract: Host defense peptides (HDPs) are primary components of the innate immune system with diverse biological functions, such as antibacterial ability and immunomodulatory function. HDPs are produced and released by immune and epithelial cells against ... ...

Abstract	Host defense peptides (HDPs) are primary components of the innate immune system with diverse biological functions, such as antibacterial ability and immunomodulatory function. HDPs are produced and released by immune and epithelial cells against microbial invasion, which are widely distributed in humans, animals, plants, and microbes. Notably, there are great differences in endogenous HDP distribution and expression in humans and animals. Moreover, HDP expression could be regulated by exogenous substances, such as nutrients, and different physiological statuses in health and disease. In this review, we systematically assessed the regulation of expression and mechanism of endogenous HDPs from nutrition and disease perspectives, providing a basis to identify the specificity and regularity of HDP expression. Furthermore, the regulation mechanism of HDP expression was summarized systematically, and the differences in the regulation between nutrients and diseases were explored. From this review, we provide novel ideas targeted the immune regulation of HDPs for protecting host health in nutrition and practical and effective new ideas using the immune regulation theory for further research on protecting host health from pathogenic infection and excessive immunity diseases under the global challenge of the antibiotic-abuse-induced series of problems, including food security and microbial resistance.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	241619-0
ISSN	1520-5118 ; 0021-8561
ISSN (online)	1520-5118
ISSN	0021-8561
DOI	10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08522
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Article ; Online: Sodium Butyrate Alleviates Mouse Colitis by Regulating Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

Xiujing Dou / Nan Gao / Di Yan / Anshan Shan

Animals, Vol 10, Iss 1154, p

2020 Volume 1154

Abstract	Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) develops as a result of complicated interactions between genetic susceptibility, excessive innate immunity, and environmental factors, which are mainly related to the gut microbiota. The present study aimed to elucidate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of a short-chain fatty acid salt, sodium butyrate, on colonic inflammation induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice. Pretreatment with sodium butyrate attenuated colitis, as demonstrated by the decreased disease activity index (DAI), colon length shortening, spleen tumidness, and histopathology scores, while maintaining intestinal barrier integrity, as observed by H&E staining and electron microscopy. 16S rRNA sequence analysis revealed that sodium butyrate caused a remarkable alteration of the gut microbiota. Bacteroides , Lachnospiraceae , the Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group , and Ruminiclostridium 6 presented dramatic differences after sodium butyrate supplementation. This work verifies that sodium butyrate can improve mouse colitis via microbe–host interactions by regulating the microbial community. Taken together, the findings demonstrate that sodium butyrate shows great potential as a probiotic agent for ameliorating colitis.
Keywords	sodium butyrate ; colitis ; microbiota ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100 ; Zoology ; QL1-991
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Increased soluble endoglin levels in newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients are associated with endothelial dysfunction.

Dou, Xiaobing / Wang, Xiujing / Yu, Xiuhua / Yao, Jiaqi / Shen, Huiling / Xu, Yao / Zheng, Bojing / Zhang, Zhenying / Tan, Qingying / Hu, Tianxiao

Endocrine journal

2023 Volume 70, Issue 7, Page(s) 711–721

Abstract: Endothelial dysfunction (ED) contributes to the pathologic process underlying macrovascular complications, a common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Soluble endoglin (sEng) shed from the extracellular domain of the entire endoglin ... ...

Abstract	Endothelial dysfunction (ED) contributes to the pathologic process underlying macrovascular complications, a common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Soluble endoglin (sEng) shed from the extracellular domain of the entire endoglin molecule blocks endothelial protection mediated by transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1). The reactive hyperemia index (RHI), which is determined by reactive hyperemia peripheral arterial tonometry (RH-PAT), is a new index with which to evaluate ED. This study determined the changes in serum sEng levels in newly-diagnosed (untreated) T2DM patients and the correlation with the RHI. The T2DM group included 34 newly-diagnosed T2DM patients, while the control group included 53 healthy adults. The clinical data from the two groups were evaluated retrospectively. The intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery (CCA) and the ankle-brachial index (ABI) of both legs were used to assess structural vascular changes. The serum sEng level was determined using an ELISA kit. Endothelial function was assessed using RH-PAT and the RHI was computed. The serum sEng level in the T2DM group was significantly greater than the control group, although the RHI was significantly lower in the T2DM group (p < 0.05). The serum sEng level was negatively correlated with the RHI in T2DM patents (r = 0.354, p = 0.041). The serum sEng level, CCA-IMT, and ABI were not significantly correlated with T2DM (p > 0.05). In summary, among newly-diagnosed T2DM patients, the serum sEng levels were inversely correlated with the RHI, and an elevated sEng level may be associated with ED.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis ; Endoglin ; Hyperemia ; Retrospective Studies ; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness ; Endothelium, Vascular
Chemical Substances	Endoglin
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-31
Publishing country	Japan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1151918-6
ISSN	1348-4540 ; 0918-8959
ISSN (online)	1348-4540
ISSN	0918-8959
DOI	10.1507/endocrj.EJ22-0550
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Article: Changes in Carbohydrate Composition in Fermented Total Mixed Ration and Its Effects on

Li, Yang / Lv, Jingyi / Wang, Jihong / Zhou, Shuang / Zhang, Guangning / Wei, Bingdong / Sun, Yukun / Lan, Yaxue / Dou, Xiujing / Zhang, Yonggen

Frontiers in microbiology

2021 Volume 12, Page(s) 738334

Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the changes of carbohydrate composition in fermented total mixed diet and its effects on rumen fermentation, methane production, and rumen ... ...

Abstract	The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the changes of carbohydrate composition in fermented total mixed diet and its effects on rumen fermentation, methane production, and rumen microbiome
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2587354-4
ISSN	1664-302X
ISSN	1664-302X
DOI	10.3389/fmicb.2021.738334
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