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Article: Farming without Glyphosate?

Beckie, Hugh J / Flower, Ken C / Ashworth, Michael B

2020 Volume 9, Issue 1

Abstract: Recent statements from scientific organisations and court decisions have resulted in widespread public interest and concern over the safety of glyphosate, the most popular and effective herbicide used worldwide. Consequently, glyphosate-based products ... ...

Abstract	Recent statements from scientific organisations and court decisions have resulted in widespread public interest and concern over the safety of glyphosate, the most popular and effective herbicide used worldwide. Consequently, glyphosate-based products are under intense scrutiny from governments at all levels. Some jurisdictions have already banned or restricted its use, which will adversely impact international trade in bulk grain commmodities if glyphosate residues are detected. The possibility of farming without glyphosate is becoming an important issue facing the agri-food research and development sector. Contingency plans need to be formulated if that scenario becomes a reality. In this review, we briefly summarize international events that have led to this possible situation, describe current glyphosate usage in major agronomic field crops worldwide, outline possible alternatives to glyphosate in two agroregions and perform bioeconomic model scenarios of southern Australian broadacre cropping systems without the herbicide. Model predictions suggest that we can farm profitably without glyphosate by consistently utilizing key non-herbicidal weed management practices combined with robust pre-emergence soil residual herbicide treatments. However, maintaining low weed seed banks will be challenging. If the social license to use glyphosate is revoked, what other pesticides will soon follow?
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2704341-1
ISSN	2223-7747
ISSN	2223-7747
DOI	10.3390/plants9010096
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Herbicide Resistance Management: Recent Developments and Trends.

Beckie, Hugh J / Ashworth, Michael B / Flower, Ken C

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

2019 Volume 8, Issue 6

Abstract: This review covers recent developments and trends in herbicide-resistant (HR) weed management in agronomic field crops. In countries where input-intensive agriculture is practiced, these developments and trends over the past decade include renewed ... ...

Abstract	This review covers recent developments and trends in herbicide-resistant (HR) weed management in agronomic field crops. In countries where input-intensive agriculture is practiced, these developments and trends over the past decade include renewed efforts by the agrichemical industry in herbicide discovery, cultivation of crops with combined (stacked) HR traits, increasing reliance on preemergence vs. postemergence herbicides, breeding for weed-competitive crop cultivars, expansion of harvest weed seed control practices, and advances in site-specific or precision weed management. The unifying framework or strategy underlying these developments and trends is mitigation of viable weed seeds into the soil seed bank and maintaining low weed seed banks to minimize population proliferation, evolution of resistance to additional herbicidal sites of action, and spread. A key question going forward is: how much weed control is enough to consistently achieve the goal of low weed seed banks? The vision for future HR weed management programs must be sustained crop production and profitability with reduced herbicide (particularly glyphosate) dependency.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2704341-1
ISSN	2223-7747
ISSN	2223-7747
DOI	10.3390/plants8060161
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Article: The global challenge of field crop production with limited herbicides: An Australian perspective

Beckie, Hugh J / Ashworth, Michael B / Flower, Ken C

Weed research. 2021 Apr., v. 61, no. 2

2021

Abstract: Legislated pesticide‐use restrictions or bans in a growing number of countries worldwide are forcing growers and land managers to reactively plan, develop or implement alternative pest management practices and even entire farming systems. While the ... ...

Abstract	Legislated pesticide‐use restrictions or bans in a growing number of countries worldwide are forcing growers and land managers to reactively plan, develop or implement alternative pest management practices and even entire farming systems. While the rapidly rising incidence of multiple resistance in weed populations had already begun this transition in many agroregions, the future pace of change will undoubtedly accelerate. We outline possible weed management alternatives, based on workshop discussions among Australian weed scientists or practitioners and agronomists, of grain cropping scenarios in a herbicide‐limited world. Further, we conducted bioeconomic model scenarios of grain crop production in southern Australia without the use of non‐selective burndown or pre‐harvest herbicides. Effectively and profitably managing troublesome weeds in major agronomic field crops in a restricted herbicide environment will be challenging, but can be considered as an opportunity for significantly greater adoption of ecologically based weed management tactics, strategies and systems.
Keywords	bioeconomic models ; crop production ; field crops ; herbicides ; research ; weed control ; weeds ; Australia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-04
Size	p. 88-91.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	281281-2
ISSN	1365-3180 ; 0043-1737
ISSN (online)	1365-3180
ISSN	0043-1737
DOI	10.1111/wre.12421
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Making Place for Local Food

Michael Granzow / Mary Beckie

Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development, Vol 9, Iss

Reflections on Institutional Procurement and the Alberta Flavour Learning Lab

2019 Volume 1

Abstract: Part case study, part reflective essay, this paper examines questions of place and scale in relationship to local food initiatives and, in particular, institutional procurement. A recent emphasis on “place-based” rather than “local” food systems ... ...

Abstract	Part case study, part reflective essay, this paper examines questions of place and scale in relationship to local food initiatives and, in particular, institutional procurement. A recent emphasis on “place-based” rather than “local” food systems presents an opportunity to ask, What would local food look like here? The Canadian province of Alberta is a unique place defined by a set of geographical, historical, and cultural relationships and connections around food. Through the case of the Alberta Flavour Learning Lab (Alberta Flavour), an institutional procurement initiative focused on “scaling-up” local food, we discuss how an increased emphasis on context and place activates strategic directions for thinking about food system change. We consider Alberta Flavour as a site of strategic localism that involves actively crafting a scale of local food that functions within a particular context. Rather than reinforcing divides between conventional and alternative food systems, Alberta Flavour interfaces between the broader values of the local food movement and the current realities of Alberta’s agri-food landscape and culture. We argue that the initiative’s hybrid and pragmatic approach to “getting more local food on more local plates,” while not radical, nonetheless contributes to positive food system change through “transformative incrementalism” (Buchan, Cloutier, & Friedman, in press).
Keywords	Alberta Flavour Learning Lab ; Institutional Procurement ; Scaling Up ; Local Food ; Transformative Incrementalism ; Reflexive Localism ; Agriculture ; S ; Human settlements. Communities ; HT51-65
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Lyson Center for Civic Agriculture and Food Systems
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A framework for addressing health inequities in sexual and gender diverse populations by nurses.

Beckie, Theresa M / Lengacher, Cecile / Rodriguez, Carmen / Pares-Avila, Jose / Turner, DeAnne / Sanchez, Michael / Nair, Uma S

Nursing outlook

2022 Volume 70, Issue 4, Page(s) 651–663

Abstract: There is a need to increase health equity in sexual and gender diverse (SGD) populations, a medically underserved group with widening health disparities. To better understand and address SGD health disparities, we have developed a multi-level conceptual ... ...

Abstract	There is a need to increase health equity in sexual and gender diverse (SGD) populations, a medically underserved group with widening health disparities. To better understand and address SGD health disparities, we have developed a multi-level conceptual framework for nurse scientists that incorporates the concepts of stigma, intersectionality, identify affirmation, and life course trajectory. Social determinants of health formed the background of our conceptual framework. Using this framework, we proposed recommendations to promote SGD health equity through nursing research, health care practice, health care education, and public health care policy. These recommendations align with the National Institute of Nursing Research's goals of dismantling structures that perpetuate racism and impede health inequity and the need to implement interventions that address social determinants of health. As a result, nurse scientists are poised to influence health care policy by translating effective interventions to reduce health disparities for the SGD population into practice.
MeSH term(s)	Gender Identity ; Health Equity ; Health Inequities ; Health Policy ; Health Status Disparities ; Humans
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	300568-9
ISSN	1528-3968 ; 0029-6554
ISSN (online)	1528-3968
ISSN	0029-6554
DOI	10.1016/j.outlook.2022.04.001
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Article ; Online: Rotations and mixtures of soil-applied herbicides delay resistance.

Busi, Roberto / Powles, Stephen B / Beckie, Hugh J / Renton, Michael

Pest management science

2019 Volume 76, Issue 2, Page(s) 487–496

Abstract: Background: Weed resistance to foliar herbicides has dramatically increased worldwide in the last two decades. As a consequence, current practices of weed management have changed, with an increased adoption of soil-applied herbicides to restore control ... ...

Abstract	Background: Weed resistance to foliar herbicides has dramatically increased worldwide in the last two decades. As a consequence, current practices of weed management have changed, with an increased adoption of soil-applied herbicides to restore control of herbicide-resistant weeds. We foresee metabolism-based resistance and cross-resistance to soil-applied herbicides as a potential global consequence to the increased and widespread adoption of new and old soil-applied herbicides. Thus, the aim of this study is to use computer simulation modelling to quantify and rank the risk of weeds evolving resistance to soil-applied herbicides under different usage strategies (single herbicide use, rotations and mixtures) and population genetic hypotheses. Results: Simulations indicate that without rotation it takes twice as long to select for resistance to a particular soil-applied herbicide - trifluralin - than to any other herbicide option considered. Relative to trifluralin-only use, simple herbicide rotation patterns have no effect in delaying resistance, whereas more complex rotation patterns can delay resistance two- or three-fold. Herbicide mixtures further delay resistance up to six-fold in comparison to single use or simple herbicide rotations. Conclusion: By computer modelling simulations we demonstrate that mixtures maximize herbicide effectiveness and the selection heterogeneity of soil-applied herbicides, and delay herbicide resistance evolution in weedy plants. Our study is consistent with previous state-of-art scientific evidence (i.e. epidemiological and modelling studies across different systems and pests) and extension efforts (i.e. 'rotate herbicide mixtures') to provide insight to manage the selection and evolution of weed resistance. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
MeSH term(s)	Computer Simulation ; Herbicide Resistance ; Herbicides ; Plant Weeds ; Soil ; Weed Control
Chemical Substances	Herbicides ; Soil
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2001705-4
ISSN	1526-4998 ; 1526-498X
ISSN (online)	1526-4998
ISSN	1526-498X
DOI	10.1002/ps.5534
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Agricultural Weed Assessment Calculator: An Australian Evaluation.

Beckie, Hugh J / Owen, Mechelle J / Borger, Catherine P D / Gill, Gurjeet S / Widderick, Michael J

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

2020 Volume 9, Issue 12

Abstract: Weed risk assessment systems are used to estimate the potential weediness or invasiveness of introduced species in non-agricultural habitats. However, an equivalent system has not been developed for weed species that occur in agronomic cropland. ... ...

Abstract	Weed risk assessment systems are used to estimate the potential weediness or invasiveness of introduced species in non-agricultural habitats. However, an equivalent system has not been developed for weed species that occur in agronomic cropland. Therefore, the Agricultural Weed Assessment Calculator (AWAC) was developed to quantify the present and potential future adverse impact of a weed species on crop production and profitability (threat analysis), thereby informing or directing research, development, and extension (RDE) investments or activities. AWAC comprises 10 questions related primarily to a weed's abundance and economic impact. Twenty weed species from across Australia were evaluated by AWAC using existing information and expert opinion, and rated as high, medium, or low for RDE prioritization based on total scores of 70 to 100, 40 to <70, or <40, respectively. Five species were rated as high (e.g.,
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2704341-1
ISSN	2223-7747
ISSN	2223-7747
DOI	10.3390/plants9121737
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Article: Farming without Glyphosate?

Beckie, Hugh J / Flower, Ken C / Ashworth, Michael B

Plants. 2020 Jan. 11, v. 9, no. 1

2020

Abstract	Recent statements from scientific organisations and court decisions have resulted in widespread public interest and concern over the safety of glyphosate, the most popular and effective herbicide used worldwide. Consequently, glyphosate-based products are under intense scrutiny from governments at all levels. Some jurisdictions have already banned or restricted its use, which will adversely impact international trade in bulk grain commmodities if glyphosate residues are detected. The possibility of farming without glyphosate is becoming an important issue facing the agri-food research and development sector. Contingency plans need to be formulated if that scenario becomes a reality. In this review, we briefly summarize international events that have led to this possible situation, describe current glyphosate usage in major agronomic field crops worldwide, outline possible alternatives to glyphosate in two agroregions and perform bioeconomic model scenarios of southern Australian broadacre cropping systems without the herbicide. Model predictions suggest that we can farm profitably without glyphosate by consistently utilizing key non-herbicidal weed management practices combined with robust pre-emergence soil residual herbicide treatments. However, maintaining low weed seed banks will be challenging. If the social license to use glyphosate is revoked, what other pesticides will soon follow?
Keywords	bioeconomic models ; cropping systems ; farming systems ; field crops ; glyphosate ; herbicide application ; herbicide residues ; international trade ; prediction ; research and development ; soil ; weed control ; weeds
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0111
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2704341-1
ISSN	2223-7747
ISSN	2223-7747
DOI	10.3390/plants9010096
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Assessing the Capability and Potential of LiDAR for Weed Detection.

Shahbazi, Nooshin / Ashworth, Michael B / Callow, J Nikolaus / Mian, Ajmal / Beckie, Hugh J / Speidel, Stuart / Nicholls, Elliot / Flower, Ken C

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 21, Issue 7

Abstract: Conventional methods of uniformly spraying fields to combat weeds, requires large herbicide inputs at significant cost with impacts on the environment. More focused weed control methods such as site-specific weed management (SSWM) have become popular but ...

Abstract	Conventional methods of uniformly spraying fields to combat weeds, requires large herbicide inputs at significant cost with impacts on the environment. More focused weed control methods such as site-specific weed management (SSWM) have become popular but require methods to identify weed locations. Advances in technology allows the potential for automated methods such as drone, but also ground-based sensors for detecting and mapping weeds. In this study, the capability of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensors were assessed to detect and locate weeds. For this purpose, two trials were performed using artificial targets (representing weeds) at different heights and diameter to understand the detection limits of a LiDAR. The results showed the detectability of the target at different scanning distances from the LiDAR was directly influenced by the size of the target and its orientation toward the LiDAR. A third trial was performed in a wheat plot where the LiDAR was used to scan different weed species at various heights above the crop canopy, to verify the capacity of the stationary LiDAR to detect weeds in a field situation. The results showed that 100% of weeds in the wheat plot were detected by the LiDAR, based on their height differences with the crop canopy.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s21072328
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Identification of the first glyphosate-resistant capeweed (Arctotheca calendula) population.

Khalil, Yaseen / Ashworth, Michael B / Han, Heping / Qin, Yu / Rocha, Roberto L / Pritchard, Brent / Cameron, David / Beckie, Hugh J

Pest management science

2021 Volume 77, Issue 5, Page(s) 2568–2575

Abstract: Background: Glyphosate is routinely used in Australia to control the Arctotheca species Arctotheca calendula (L.) Levyns (referred hereinafter as capeweed). This study identifies the first global case of field-evolved glyphosate-resistant capeweed, ... ...

Abstract	Background: Glyphosate is routinely used in Australia to control the Arctotheca species Arctotheca calendula (L.) Levyns (referred hereinafter as capeweed). This study identifies the first global case of field-evolved glyphosate-resistant capeweed, collected from the grainbelt of Western Australia. Results: In 2020, a capeweed biotype that was collected from Borden in the southern Western Australian grainbelt was confirmed to be glyphosate-resistant (referred hereinafter as Spence population). When compared to the pooled mortality of six field-collected, glyphosate susceptible capeweed populations (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 and S6), the Spence population was found > 11-fold more resistant to glyphosate than the pooled results of the susceptible populations (S1-S6) at the lethal dose of 50% (LD Conclusions: This is the first confirmation of glyphosate resistance evolution in a capeweed population globally. With capeweed resistance already confirmed to photosystem-I inhibiting herbicides (paraquat and diquat), this study emphasizes the importance of using integrated measures that do not depend only on the use of non-selective herbicides for controlling herbicide resistance-prone capeweed populations. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
MeSH term(s)	3-Phosphoshikimate 1-Carboxyvinyltransferase/genetics ; Australia ; Calendula ; Glycine/analogs & derivatives ; Herbicide Resistance/genetics ; Herbicides/pharmacology ; Western Australia ; Glyphosate
Chemical Substances	Herbicides ; 3-Phosphoshikimate 1-Carboxyvinyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.19) ; Glycine (TE7660XO1C)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2001705-4
ISSN	1526-4998 ; 1526-498X
ISSN (online)	1526-4998
ISSN	1526-498X
DOI	10.1002/ps.6295
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