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Article: GLP-2 regulation of intestinal lipid handling.

Mukherjee, Kundanika / Xiao, Changting

2024 Volume 15, Page(s) 1358625

Abstract: Lipid handling in the intestine is important for maintaining energy homeostasis and overall health. Mishandling of lipids in the intestine contributes to dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Despite advances in this field over the ... ...

Abstract	Lipid handling in the intestine is important for maintaining energy homeostasis and overall health. Mishandling of lipids in the intestine contributes to dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Despite advances in this field over the past few decades, significant gaps remain. The gut hormone glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) has been shown to play pleotropic roles in the regulation of lipid handling in the intestine. Of note, GLP-2 exhibits unique actions on post-prandial lipid absorption and post-absorptive release of intestinally stored lipids. This review aims to summarize current knowledge in how GLP-2 regulates lipid processing in the intestine. Elucidating the mechanisms of GLP-2 regulation of intestinal lipid handling not only improves our understanding of GLP-2 biology, but also provides insights into how lipids are processed in the intestine, which offers opportunities for developing novel strategies towards prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2564217-0
ISSN	1664-042X
ISSN	1664-042X
DOI	10.3389/fphys.2024.1358625
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Article ; Online: Release of Lipids Stored in the Intestine by Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 Involves a Gut-Brain Neural Pathway.

Mukherjee, Kundanika / Wang, Rita / Xiao, Changting

Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology

2023 Volume 44, Issue 1, Page(s) 192–201

Abstract: Background: The gut hormone GLP-2 (glucagon-like peptide-2) plays important roles in lipid handling in the intestine. During postabsorptive stage, it releases preformed chylomicrons stored in the intestine, the underlying mechanisms of which are not ... ...

Abstract	Background: The gut hormone GLP-2 (glucagon-like peptide-2) plays important roles in lipid handling in the intestine. During postabsorptive stage, it releases preformed chylomicrons stored in the intestine, the underlying mechanisms of which are not well understood. Previous studies implicate the involvement of neural pathways in GLP-2's actions on lipid absorption in the intestine, but the role of such mechanisms in releasing postabsorptive lipid storage has not been established. Methods: Here, in mesenteric lymph duct cannulated rats, we directly tested whether gut-brain neural communication mediates GLP-2's effects on postabsorptive lipid mobilization in the intestine. We performed total subdiaphragmatic vagotomy to disrupt the gut-brain neural communication and analyzed lipid output 5 hours after a lipid load in response to intraperitoneal GLP-2 or saline. Results: Peripheral GLP-2 administration led to increased lymph lipid output and activation of proopiomelanocortin neurons in the arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus. Disruption of gut-brain neural communication via vagotomy blunted GLP-2's effects on promoting lipid release in the intestine. Conclusions: These results, for the first time, demonstrate a novel mechanism in which postabsorptive mobilization of intestinal lipid storage by GLP-2 enlists a gut-brain neural pathway.
MeSH term(s)	Rats ; Animals ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 2/pharmacology ; Chylomicrons/metabolism ; Brain/metabolism ; Neural Pathways/metabolism ; Intestines
Chemical Substances	Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 ; Chylomicrons
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1221433-4
ISSN	1524-4636 ; 1079-5642
ISSN (online)	1524-4636
ISSN	1079-5642
DOI	10.1161/ATVBAHA.123.320032
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Article ; Online: Recent advances in cytoplasmic lipid droplet metabolism in intestinal enterocyte.

Ghanem, Murooj / Lewis, Gary F / Xiao, Changting

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids

2022 Volume 1867, Issue 10, Page(s) 159197

Abstract: Processing of dietary fats in the intestine is a highly regulated process that influences whole-body energy homeostasis and multiple physiological functions. Dysregulated lipid handling in the intestine leads to dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic ... ...

Abstract	Processing of dietary fats in the intestine is a highly regulated process that influences whole-body energy homeostasis and multiple physiological functions. Dysregulated lipid handling in the intestine leads to dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In intestinal enterocytes, lipids are incorporated into lipoproteins and cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CLDs). Lipoprotein synthesis and CLD metabolism are inter-connected pathways with multiple points of regulation. This review aims to highlight recent advances in the regulatory mechanisms of lipid processing in the enterocyte, with particular focus on CLDs. In-depth understanding of the regulation of lipid metabolism in the enterocyte may help identify therapeutic targets for the treatment and prevention of metabolic disorders.
MeSH term(s)	Cytosol/metabolism ; Dietary Fats/metabolism ; Enterocytes/metabolism ; Lipid Droplets/metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism/physiology
Chemical Substances	Dietary Fats
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-09
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	60-7
ISSN	1879-2618 ; 1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2642 ; 1879-2650 ; 0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
ISSN (online)	1879-2618 ; 1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2642 ; 1879-2650
ISSN	0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
DOI	10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159197
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Article ; Online: Mitochondrial genome of a typical cavefish of

Zhao, Xinrui / Lan, Changting / Yu, Jing / Zhou, Jiajun / Lu, Xueli / Xiao, Ning / Deng, Huaiqing / Zhou, Jiang

Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources

2023 Volume 8, Issue 5, Page(s) 593–597

Abstract: Sinocyclocheilus ... ...

Abstract	Sinocyclocheilus anatirostris
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2380-2359
ISSN (online)	2380-2359
DOI	10.1080/23802359.2023.2215351
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Article: Recent advances in cytoplasmic lipid droplet metabolism in intestinal enterocyte

Ghanem, Murooj / Lewis, Gary F. / Xiao, Changting

Biochimica et biophysica acta. 2022 Oct., v. 1867, no. 10

2022

Abstract	Processing of dietary fats in the intestine is a highly regulated process that influences whole-body energy homeostasis and multiple physiological functions. Dysregulated lipid handling in the intestine leads to dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In intestinal enterocytes, lipids are incorporated into lipoproteins and cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CLDs). Lipoprotein synthesis and CLD metabolism are inter-connected pathways with multiple points of regulation. This review aims to highlight recent advances in the regulatory mechanisms of lipid processing in the enterocyte, with particular focus on CLDs. In-depth understanding of the regulation of lipid metabolism in the enterocyte may help identify therapeutic targets for the treatment and prevention of metabolic disorders.
Keywords	cardiovascular diseases ; droplets ; energy ; enterocytes ; homeostasis ; hyperlipidemia ; lipid metabolism ; lipoproteins ; therapeutics
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-10
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ISSN	1388-1981
DOI	10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159197
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: The Roles of Cytoplasmic Lipid Droplets in Modulating Intestinal Uptake of Dietary Fat.

Zembroski, Alyssa S / Xiao, Changting / Buhman, Kimberly K

Annual review of nutrition

2021 Volume 41, Page(s) 79–104

Abstract: Dietary fat absorption is required for health but also contributes to hyperlipidemia and metabolic disease when dysregulated. One step in the process of dietary fat absorption is the formation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CLDs) in small intestinal ... ...

Abstract	Dietary fat absorption is required for health but also contributes to hyperlipidemia and metabolic disease when dysregulated. One step in the process of dietary fat absorption is the formation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CLDs) in small intestinal enterocytes; these CLDs serve as dynamic triacylglycerol storage organelles that influence the rate at which dietary fat is absorbed. Recent studies have uncovered novel factors regulating enterocyte CLD metabolism that in turn influence the absorption of dietary fat. These include peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α activation, compartmentalization of different lipid pools, the gut microbiome, liver X receptor and farnesoid X receptor activation, obesity, and physiological factors stimulating CLD mobilization. Understanding how enterocyte CLD metabolism is regulated is key in modulating the absorption of dietary fat in the prevention of hyperlipidemia and its associated metabolic disorders.
MeSH term(s)	Dietary Fats/metabolism ; Enterocytes/metabolism ; Humans ; Lipid Droplets/metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism/physiology ; Triglycerides/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Dietary Fats ; Triglycerides
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	406980-8
ISSN	1545-4312 ; 0199-9885
ISSN (online)	1545-4312
ISSN	0199-9885
DOI	10.1146/annurev-nutr-110320-013657
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Article ; Online: Lymphatics - not just a chylomicron conduit.

Syed-Abdul, Majid M / Tian, Lili / Xiao, Changting / Lewis, Gary F

Current opinion in lipidology

2022 Volume 33, Issue 3, Page(s) 175–184

Abstract: Purpose of review: Lymphatics are known to have active, regulated pumping by smooth muscle cells that enhance lymph flow, but whether active regulation of lymphatic pumping contributes significantly to the rate of appearance of chylomicrons (CMs) in the ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: Lymphatics are known to have active, regulated pumping by smooth muscle cells that enhance lymph flow, but whether active regulation of lymphatic pumping contributes significantly to the rate of appearance of chylomicrons (CMs) in the blood circulation (i.e., CM production rate) is not currently known. In this review, we highlight some of the potential mechanisms by which lymphatics may regulate CM production. Recent findings: Recent data from our lab and others are beginning to provide clues that suggest a more active role of lymphatics in regulating CM appearance in the circulation through various mechanisms. Potential contributors include apolipoproteins, glucose, glucagon-like peptide-2, and vascular endothelial growth factor-C, but there are likely to be many more. Summary: The digested products of dietary fats absorbed by the small intestine are re-esterified and packaged by enterocytes into large, triglyceride-rich CM particles or stored temporarily in intracellular cytoplasmic lipid droplets. Secreted CMs traverse the lamina propria and are transported via lymphatics and then the blood circulation to liver and extrahepatic tissues, where they are stored or metabolized as a rich energy source. Although indirect data suggest a relationship between lymphatic pumping and CM production, this concept requires more experimental evidence before we can be sure that lymphatic pumping contributes significantly to the rate of CM appearance in the blood circulation.
MeSH term(s)	Chylomicrons/metabolism ; Dietary Fats/metabolism ; Humans ; Lymphatic Vessels/metabolism ; Triglycerides/metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Chylomicrons ; Dietary Fats ; Triglycerides ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1045394-5
ISSN	1473-6535 ; 0957-9672
ISSN (online)	1473-6535
ISSN	0957-9672
DOI	10.1097/MOL.0000000000000821
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Article ; Online: Ligand-regulated three-photon AIE properties of manganese(II) complexes for photodynamic therapy.

Liu, Lingling / Zhu, Tong / Cai, Changting / Wang, Lianke / Li, Shengli / Lian, Xiao / Feng, Yan / Tian, Yupeng / Zhang, Qiong

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)

2022 Volume 51, Issue 44, Page(s) 16915–16920

Abstract: Owing to the advantages of deeper penetration depth and lower biological damage, multi-photon AIE probes are widely used in the field of multi-photon therapy. We have developed a series of carbazole terpyridine manganese(II) complexes (MD1-MD3) that are ... ...

Abstract	Owing to the advantages of deeper penetration depth and lower biological damage, multi-photon AIE probes are widely used in the field of multi-photon therapy. We have developed a series of carbazole terpyridine manganese(II) complexes (MD1-MD3) that are promising as aggregation-induced emission (AIE) photosensitizers (PSs). MD1-MD3 exhibit excellent three-photon AIE properties in DMSO/H
MeSH term(s)	Photochemotherapy ; Photosensitizing Agents/pharmacology ; Photosensitizing Agents/therapeutic use ; Manganese ; Ligands ; Carbazoles/pharmacology ; Halogens
Chemical Substances	Photosensitizing Agents ; Manganese (42Z2K6ZL8P) ; Ligands ; Carbazoles ; Halogens
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1472887-4
ISSN	1477-9234 ; 1364-5447 ; 0300-9246 ; 1477-9226
ISSN (online)	1477-9234 ; 1364-5447
ISSN	0300-9246 ; 1477-9226
DOI	10.1039/d2dt02410a
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Article ; Online: A long-ignored unique ecosystem of cavefishes in the southern karst: achievements, challenges, and prospects.

Wu, Li / Fan, Cui / Lan, Changting / Yu, Jing / Wen, Huamei / Yang, Qin / Xiao, Ning / Zhou, Jiang

Environmental science and pollution research international

2023 Volume 30, Issue 39, Page(s) 90489–90499

Abstract: Cavefishes represent a taxon that has experienced natural selection pressures. This paper summarizes the results with respect to the taxonomy, diversity, phylogeny, and adaptation aspects of cavefishes research. It showed that: 1) These studies suggest ... ...

Abstract	Cavefishes represent a taxon that has experienced natural selection pressures. This paper summarizes the results with respect to the taxonomy, diversity, phylogeny, and adaptation aspects of cavefishes research. It showed that: 1) These studies suggest that cavefishes play important roles in the study of geologic history and adaptation to extreme environments, but the mechanisms involved 168 species of cavefishes belonging to 17 genera, four families, and two orders have been recorded in China. Meanwhile, more new species are being discovered recently, and the species diversity of cavefishes are still underestimated, indicating the need to strengthen the survey in field. 2) The biogeography of cavefishes have focused on Sinocyclocheilus and Triplophysa, that have helped understand the geomorphology of karst areas in southern China and the spatial pattern of species diversity. These studies revealed the influences of evolution and geological history in Sinocyclocheilus, but there are still many species that have not been studied accordingly. 3) Some adaptive mechanistic studies have been conducted on cavefishes, primarily focusing on eye and body color degradation and energy metabolism in the genus Sinocyclocheilus to reveal adaptive mechanisms in the dark environment. 4) The IUCN list of protected cavefishes species in China only includes 21 species. The List of Key Protected Wild Animals for 2021 includes all species of Sinocyclocheilus as National Class II.It is necessary to strengthen the research on the biodiversity and adaptation and need consider the conservation actions for cavefishes.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Ecosystem ; Biodiversity ; Acclimatization ; Animals, Wild ; China
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-21
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-023-28806-0
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Article ; Online: Glucagon-like peptide-2 mobilization of intestinal lipid does not require canonical enterocyte chylomicron synthetic machinery.

Syed-Abdul, Majid M / Stahel, Priska / Tian, Lili / Xiao, Changting / Nahmias, Avital / Lewis, Gary F

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids

2022 Volume 1867, Issue 9, Page(s) 159194

Abstract: Background & aims: Dietary triglycerides (TG) retained in the intestine after a meal can be mobilized many hours later by glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) in humans and animal models, despite the well-documented absence of expression of the GLP-2 ... ...

Abstract	Background & aims: Dietary triglycerides (TG) retained in the intestine after a meal can be mobilized many hours later by glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) in humans and animal models, despite the well-documented absence of expression of the GLP-2 receptor on enterocytes. In this study, we examined the site of GLP-2 action to mobilize intestinal lipids and enhance chylomicron production. Methods: In mesenteric lymph duct-cannulated rats, we assessed GLP-2-stimulated lymph flow rate, TG concentration, TG output, and apoB48 abundance 5 h after an intraduodenal lipid bolus, in the presence of a validated GLP-2 antagonist or vehicle. Additionally, the same GLP-2-stimulated parameters were examined in the presence or absence of cis-Golgi disruption by Brefeldin A (BFA). Results: Compared to placebo, GLP-2 administration increased lymph flow by 2.8-fold (P < 0.001), cumulative lymph volume by 2.69-fold (P < 0.001) and total TG output 2-fold (P = 0.015). GLP-2 receptor antagonism markedly diminished GLP-2's ability to stimulate lymph flow, cumulative lymph volume and total TG output, demonstrating the dependence of GLP-2 stimulation of lymph flow and TG output on its receptor activation. In contrast, disruption of the cis-Golgi apparatus with Brefeldin A did not diminish the GLP-2-response of lymph flow i.e., increased lymph flow by 2.7-fold (P = 0.001), lymph volume by 2.9-fold (P = 0.001), and total TG output i.e., increased by 2.5-fold (P = 0.003). Conclusions: GLP-2 mobilizes enteral lipid at a site distal to the Golgi, acting via its receptor. Since GLP-2 receptors are not expressed on enterocytes, GLP-2 likely mobilizes intestinal lipid residing extracellularly, either in the lamina propria or in the lymphatics.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Brefeldin A ; Chylomicrons/metabolism ; Enterocytes/metabolism ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 2/metabolism ; Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 Receptor ; Intestines ; Rats ; Triglycerides/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Chylomicrons ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 ; Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 Receptor ; Triglycerides ; Brefeldin A (20350-15-6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-06
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	60-7
ISSN	1879-2618 ; 1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2642 ; 1879-2650 ; 0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
ISSN (online)	1879-2618 ; 1879-2596 ; 1879-260X ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2642 ; 1879-2650
ISSN	0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
DOI	10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159194
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