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Article: Antimicrobial susceptibility of staphylococci from bovine milk samples in routine microbiological mastitis analysis in Finland.

Taponen, Suvi / Tölli, Heikki-Tapio / Rajala-Schultz, Päivi J

2023 Volume 10, Page(s) 1235417

Abstract: The most frequent reason for antimicrobial use in dairy herds is mastitis and knowledge about mastitis-causing pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility should guide treatment decisions. The overall objective of this study was to assess ... ...

Abstract	The most frequent reason for antimicrobial use in dairy herds is mastitis and knowledge about mastitis-causing pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility should guide treatment decisions. The overall objective of this study was to assess antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of staphylococci in mastitic milk samples in Finland. MALDI-ToF MS identified a total of 504
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2834243-4
ISSN	2297-1769
ISSN	2297-1769
DOI	10.3389/fvets.2023.1235417
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Article ; Online: Histopathological findings in a pilot study of dairy calves disbudded with hot cauterization or caustic paste.

Lindén, Jere / Taponen, Suvi / Talvitie, Vera / Leppävuori, Eveliina / Hänninen, Laura

Journal of comparative pathology

2023 Volume 201, Page(s) 118–122

Abstract: We describe the histological tissue damage and compare the healing process in 16 dairy calves disbudded at a mean age of 6 days by cauterization or alkaline caustic paste application. Biopsies were taken 2 days (T2) and 2 weeks (T14) after disbudding ... ...

Abstract	We describe the histological tissue damage and compare the healing process in 16 dairy calves disbudded at a mean age of 6 days by cauterization or alkaline caustic paste application. Biopsies were taken 2 days (T2) and 2 weeks (T14) after disbudding from sedated calves treated with local anaesthetic and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. At T2, the cauterized horn buds generally had eosinophilic coagulative necrosis of the epidermis and superficial dermis, bordered basally by a neutrophilic demarcation zone. Lateral to the direct heat contact area, dermal blood vessels were thrombosed, with wall damage and perivascular neutrophils. In the caustic paste-treated horn buds, the epidermis and dermis had diffuse full-thickness liquefactive necrosis directly under the paste contact area. The necrosis spread laterally in the dermis beyond the area of paste contact and was bordered by a neutrophilic infiltrate. At T14, the cauterized horn buds had epidermal to superficial dermal ulceration and crusting, dermal neutrophilic infiltration and granulation tissue formation. In contrast, most of the caustic paste-treated horn buds consisted of a superficial dermal crust or predominantly necrotic tissue fragments. The remaining viable areas had histiocytic inflammation with peripheral neutrophils and early granulation tissue formation. Caustic paste disbudding caused poorly demarcated lesions that were more severe and extensive and took longer to heal than those due to cautery. Cauterization induced a more intense acute reaction adjacent to the primary lesion compared with caustic paste.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cattle ; Caustics/pharmacology ; Pilot Projects ; Cautery/veterinary ; Anesthetics, Local/pharmacology ; Anesthetics, Local/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Caustics ; Anesthetics, Local
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390920-7
ISSN	1532-3129 ; 0021-9975
ISSN (online)	1532-3129
ISSN	0021-9975
DOI	10.1016/j.jcpa.2023.01.003
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Article ; Online: Somatic cell count in bovine quarter milk samples culture positive for various Staphylococcus species.

Taponen, Suvi / Myllys, Vesa / Pyörälä, Satu

Acta veterinaria Scandinavica

2022 Volume 64, Issue 1, Page(s) 32

Abstract: Background: Non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) are the most prevalent group of bacteria isolated in bovine mastitis milk in Finland and many other countries. They usually cause subclinical or mild clinical mastitis. The increase in milk somatic cell count ( ... ...

Abstract	Background: Non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) are the most prevalent group of bacteria isolated in bovine mastitis milk in Finland and many other countries. They usually cause subclinical or mild clinical mastitis. The increase in milk somatic cell count (SCC) during NAS intramammary infection varies from slight to marked, reflecting the severity of infection in the quarter. Limited evidence has indicated that NAS species may have different impact on milk SCC. We used a large data set originating from a prevalence study, including isolates from quarter milk samples and the SCCs of the respective quarters, to study the effect of different NAS species on quarter milk SCC. Results: Staphylococcal species of a total of 1265 isolates, originally identified as NAS, were analysed with MALDI-TOF MS. The most prevalent NAS species were S. epidermidis, S. simulans, S. chromogenes and S. haemolyticus. Forty-two isolates appeared to be S. aureus. Geometric mean milk SCC of all quarter samples was 114,000 cells/mL and median 126,000 cells/mL. Staphylococcus species had a significant effect on the SCC of the quarter. The highest SCCs were caused by S. aureus, S. agnetis/S. hyicus (these two species cannot be distinguished with MALDI-TOF MS) and S. simulans. The mean SCCs of milk samples that were culture positive for these three species did not differ significantly from each other but were significantly higher than the mean SCCs of milk samples positive for any other species. The mean SCC of milk samples positive for S. chromogenes was significantly higher than those of milk samples positive for S. epidermidis or S. warneri. Conclusion: Our results confirm that different Staphylococcus species have different impacts on milk SCC, as shown in previous studies. S. aureus caused the highest SCC, as expected, but the SCCs caused by S. agnetis/S. hyicus and S. simulans did not differ significantly from that of S. aureus. Other Staphylococcus species may also cause high SCC but are often isolated also from quarters with SCC on the level of healthy quarters.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Cattle ; Animals ; Staphylococcus ; Milk/microbiology ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Cell Count/veterinary ; Mastitis, Bovine/microbiology ; Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology ; Staphylococcal Infections/veterinary ; Cattle Diseases
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	40137-7
ISSN	1751-0147 ; 0044-605X
ISSN (online)	1751-0147
ISSN	0044-605X
DOI	10.1186/s13028-022-00649-8
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Article: Genomic Analysis of

Åvall-Jääskeläinen, Silja / Koort, Joanna / Simojoki, Heli / Taponen, Suvi

Frontiers in microbiology

2021 Volume 12, Page(s) 688819

Abstract: Staphylococcus ... ...

Abstract	Staphylococcus aureus
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2587354-4
ISSN	1664-302X
ISSN	1664-302X
DOI	10.3389/fmicb.2021.688819
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Article ; Online: Somatic cell count in bovine quarter milk samples culture positive for various Staphylococcus species

Suvi Taponen / Vesa Myllys / Satu Pyörälä

Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, Vol 64, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2022 Volume 7

Abstract: Abstract Background Non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) are the most prevalent group of bacteria isolated in bovine mastitis milk in Finland and many other countries. They usually cause subclinical or mild clinical mastitis. The increase in milk somatic cell ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) are the most prevalent group of bacteria isolated in bovine mastitis milk in Finland and many other countries. They usually cause subclinical or mild clinical mastitis. The increase in milk somatic cell count (SCC) during NAS intramammary infection varies from slight to marked, reflecting the severity of infection in the quarter. Limited evidence has indicated that NAS species may have different impact on milk SCC. We used a large data set originating from a prevalence study, including isolates from quarter milk samples and the SCCs of the respective quarters, to study the effect of different NAS species on quarter milk SCC. Results Staphylococcal species of a total of 1265 isolates, originally identified as NAS, were analysed with MALDI-TOF MS. The most prevalent NAS species were S. epidermidis, S. simulans, S. chromogenes and S. haemolyticus. Forty-two isolates appeared to be S. aureus. Geometric mean milk SCC of all quarter samples was 114,000 cells/mL and median 126,000 cells/mL. Staphylococcus species had a significant effect on the SCC of the quarter. The highest SCCs were caused by S. aureus, S. agnetis/S. hyicus (these two species cannot be distinguished with MALDI-TOF MS) and S. simulans. The mean SCCs of milk samples that were culture positive for these three species did not differ significantly from each other but were significantly higher than the mean SCCs of milk samples positive for any other species. The mean SCC of milk samples positive for S. chromogenes was significantly higher than those of milk samples positive for S. epidermidis or S. warneri. Conclusion Our results confirm that different Staphylococcus species have different impacts on milk SCC, as shown in previous studies. S. aureus caused the highest SCC, as expected, but the SCCs caused by S. agnetis/S. hyicus and S. simulans did not differ significantly from that of S. aureus. Other Staphylococcus species may also cause high SCC but are often isolated also from quarters with SCC on ...
Keywords	Bovine mastitis ; Milk somatic cell count ; NAS ; Non-aureus staphylococci ; SCC ; Staphylococcus ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Genes and pathways revealed by whole transcriptome analysis of milk derived bovine mammary epithelial cells after Escherichia coli challenge.

Iso-Touru, Terhi / Panitz, Frank / Fischer, Daniel / Kyläniemi, Minna K / Taponen, Suvi / Tabell, Jonna / Virta, Anneli / Vilkki, Johanna

Veterinary research

2024 Volume 55, Issue 1, Page(s) 13

Abstract: Mastitis, inflammation of the mammary gland, is the costliest disease in dairy cattle and a major animal welfare concern. Mastitis is usually caused by bacteria, of which staphylococci, streptococci and Escherichia coli are most frequently isolated from ... ...

Abstract	Mastitis, inflammation of the mammary gland, is the costliest disease in dairy cattle and a major animal welfare concern. Mastitis is usually caused by bacteria, of which staphylococci, streptococci and Escherichia coli are most frequently isolated from bovine mastitis. Bacteria activate the mammary immune system in variable ways, thereby influencing the severity of the disease. Escherichia coli is a common cause of mastitis in cattle causing both subclinical and clinical mastitis. Understanding of the molecular mechanisms that activate and regulate the host response would be central to effective prevention of mastitis and breeding of cows more resistant to mastitis. We used primary bovine mammary epithelial cell cultures extracted noninvasively from bovine milk samples to monitor the cellular responses to Escherichia coli challenge. Differences in gene expression between control and challenged cells were studied by total RNA-sequencing at two time points post-challenge. In total, 150 and 440 (P
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Cattle ; Animals ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Milk/microbiology ; Mammary Glands, Animal/microbiology ; Gene Expression Profiling/veterinary ; Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology ; Escherichia coli Infections/veterinary ; Epithelial Cells/microbiology ; Mastitis, Bovine/microbiology ; Cattle Diseases/metabolism
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1146298-x
ISSN	1297-9716 ; 0928-4249
ISSN (online)	1297-9716
ISSN	0928-4249
DOI	10.1186/s13567-024-01269-y
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Article: Antimicrobial Selection for the Treatment of Clinical Mastitis and the Efficacy of Penicillin Treatment Protocols in Large Estonian Dairy Herds.

Timonen, Anri / Sammul, Marju / Taponen, Suvi / Kaart, Tanel / Mõtus, Kerli / Kalmus, Piret

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 11, Issue 1

Abstract: Clinical mastitis (CM) is the most common microbial disease treated in dairy cows. We analyzed the antimicrobial usage in cows with CM ( ...

Abstract	Clinical mastitis (CM) is the most common microbial disease treated in dairy cows. We analyzed the antimicrobial usage in cows with CM (
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2681345-2
ISSN	2079-6382
ISSN	2079-6382
DOI	10.3390/antibiotics11010044
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Article ; Online: A comparison of sedative effects of xylazine alone or combined with levomethadone or ketamine in calves prior to disbudding.

Adam, Magdy / Salla, Kati / Aho, Riikka / Hänninen, Laura / Taponen, Suvi / Norring, Marianna / Raekallio, Marja / Hokkanen, Ann-Helena

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

2021 Volume 48, Issue 6, Page(s) 906–913

Abstract: Objective: To compare the sedative effects of intramuscular xylazine alone or combined with levomethadone or ketamine in calves before cautery disbudding.: Study design: Randomized, blinded, clinical trial.: Animals: A total of 28 dairy calves, ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To compare the sedative effects of intramuscular xylazine alone or combined with levomethadone or ketamine in calves before cautery disbudding. Study design: Randomized, blinded, clinical trial. Animals: A total of 28 dairy calves, aged 21 ± 5 days and weighing 61.0 ± 9.3 kg (mean ± standard deviation). Methods: Calves were randomly allocated to three groups: xylazine (0.1 mg kg Results: Data were obtained from 27 animals. All protocols resulted in sedation sufficient to administer local anaesthesia and to perform disbudding. Sedation scores significantly correlated with drug plasma concentrations (p ≤ 0.002). Times to recumbency did not differ among protocols (2.8 ± 0.3, 3.1 ± 1.1 and 2.1 ± 0.8 minutes for groups XL, XK and X, respectively), whereas interval from drug(s) administration until first head lift was significantly shorter in group XK than X (47.3 ± 14.1, 34.4 ± 5.3 and 62.6 ± 31.9 minutes for groups XL, XK and X, respectively). The area under the time-sedation curve was significantly greater in group X than XK or XL (754 ± 215, 665 ± 118 and 1005 ± 258 minutes for groups XL, XK and X, respectively). Conclusions and clinical relevance: Levomethadone or ketamine with a low dose of xylazine produced short but sufficient sedation for local anaesthesia and disbudding with minimum resistance.
MeSH term(s)	Anesthesia, Local/veterinary ; Animals ; Cattle ; Horns/surgery ; Hypnotics and Sedatives/pharmacology ; Ketamine/pharmacology ; Xylazine/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Xylazine (2KFG9TP5V8) ; Ketamine (690G0D6V8H)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial, Veterinary
ZDB-ID	2020582-X
ISSN	1467-2995 ; 1467-2987
ISSN (online)	1467-2995
ISSN	1467-2987
DOI	10.1016/j.vaa.2021.08.004
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Article ; Online: Species distribution and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from bovine mastitic milk.

Taponen, Suvi / Nykäsenoja, Suvi / Pohjanvirta, Tarja / Pitkälä, Anna / Pyörälä, Satu

Acta veterinaria Scandinavica

2016 Volume 58, Page(s) 12

Abstract: Background: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are the most common bovine mastitis causing bacteria in many countries. It is known that resistance for antimicrobials is in general more common in CoNS than in Staphylococcus aureus but little is ... ...

Abstract	Background: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are the most common bovine mastitis causing bacteria in many countries. It is known that resistance for antimicrobials is in general more common in CoNS than in Staphylococcus aureus but little is known about the antimicrobial resistance of specific CoNS species. In this study, 400 CoNS isolates from bovine mastitic milk samples were identified to species level using ribotyping and MALDI-TOF MS, and their antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using a commercially available microdilution system. The results were interpreted according to the epidemiological cut-off values by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility testing. Results: The most common CoNS species were S. simulans, S. epidermidis, S. chromogenes and S. haemolyticus. Penicillin resistance was the most common type of antimicrobial resistance. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most resistant among the four major species. Almost one-third of our S. epidermidis isolates were resistant to >2 antimicrobials and close to 7 % were multidrug resistant. The majority of S. epidermidis isolates were resistant to benzylpenicillin. On the contrary, only few S. simulans isolates were penicillin-resistant. Phenotypic oxacillin resistance was found in all four main species, and 34 % of the isolates were oxacillin resistant. However, only 21 isolates (5 %) were positive for the mecA gene. Of these, 20 were S. epidermidis and one S. sciuri. mecC positive isolates were not found. Conclusion: Staphylococcus epidermidis differed from the three other major CoNS species as resistance to the tested antimicrobials was common, several isolates were multidrug resistant, and 19 % of the isolates carried the mecA gene encoding methicillin resistance.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Cattle ; Coagulase/analysis ; Female ; Finland/epidemiology ; Mastitis, Bovine/epidemiology ; Mastitis, Bovine/microbiology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests/veterinary ; Milk/microbiology ; Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology ; Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology ; Staphylococcal Infections/veterinary ; Staphylococcus/classification ; Staphylococcus/drug effects ; Staphylococcus/genetics ; Staphylococcus/physiology
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Coagulase
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-02-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	40137-7
ISSN	1751-0147 ; 0044-605X
ISSN (online)	1751-0147
ISSN	0044-605X
DOI	10.1186/s13028-016-0193-8
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Article: Bovine milk microbiome: a more complex issue than expected

Taponen, Suvi / McGuinness, David / Hiitiö, Heidi / Simojoki, Heli / Zadoks, Ruth / Pyörälä, Satu

Veterinary research. 2019 Dec., v. 50, no. 1

2019

Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze bacterial profiles of bovine mastitic milk samples and samples from healthy quarters using Next Generation Sequencing of amplicons from 16S rRNA genes and to compare results with microbiological results by PCR assays ... ...

Abstract	The aim of this study was to analyze bacterial profiles of bovine mastitic milk samples and samples from healthy quarters using Next Generation Sequencing of amplicons from 16S rRNA genes and to compare results with microbiological results by PCR assays of the same samples. A total of 49 samples were collected from one single dairy herd during the same day. The samples were divided in two sample sets, which were used in this study. The DNA extraction as well as the library preparation and sequencing of these two sets were performed separately, and results of the two datasets were then compared. The vast majority of genera detected appeared with low read numbers and/or in only a few samples. Results of PCR and microbiome analyses of samples infected with major pathogens Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus uberis were consistent as these genera also covered the majority of reads detected in the microbiome analysis. Analysis of alpha diversity revealed a much higher species richness in set 1 than in set 2. The dominating bacterial genera with the highest read numbers clearly differed between datasets, especially in PCR negative samples and samples positive for minor pathogens. In addition to this, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was conducted between the two sets to identify significantly different genera/family level microbes. The genus Methylobacterium was much more common in set 2 compared to set 1, and genus Streptococcus more common in set 1. Our results indicate amplification of contaminating bacteria in excess in samples with no or minor amounts of pathogen DNA in dataset 2. There is a need for critical assessment of results of milk microbiome analyses.
Keywords	DNA ; Methylobacterium ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Streptococcus uberis ; bacteria ; cattle ; dairy herds ; data collection ; discriminant analysis ; genes ; high-throughput nucleotide sequencing ; microbiome ; milk ; pathogens ; polymerase chain reaction ; ribosomal RNA ; species richness ; veterinary medicine
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-12
Size	p. 44.
Publishing place	BioMed Central
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1146298-x
ISSN	1297-9716 ; 0928-4249
ISSN (online)	1297-9716
ISSN	0928-4249
DOI	10.1186/s13567-019-0662-y
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