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Article ; Online: Long-Term Outcomes and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms.

de la Fuente, Jaime / Chatterjee, Arjun / Lui, Jacob / Nehra, Avinash K / Bell, Matthew G / Lennon, Ryan J / Kassmeyer, Blake A / Graham, Rondell P / Nagayama, Hiroki / Schulte, Phillip J / Doering, Karen A / Delgado, Adriana M / Vege, Santhi Swaroop / Chari, Suresh T / Takahashi, Naoki / Majumder, Shounak

JAMA network open

2023 Volume 6, Issue 10, Page(s) e2337799

Abstract: Importance: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are pancreatic cysts that can give rise to pancreatic cancer (PC). Limited population data exist on their prevalence, natural history, or risk of malignant transformation (IPMN-PC).: ... ...

Abstract	Importance: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are pancreatic cysts that can give rise to pancreatic cancer (PC). Limited population data exist on their prevalence, natural history, or risk of malignant transformation (IPMN-PC). Objective: To fill knowledge gaps in epidemiology of IPMNs and associated PC risk by estimating population prevalence of IPMNs, associated PC risk, and proportion of IPMN-PC. Design, setting, and participants: : This retrospective cohort study was conducted in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Using the Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP), patients aged 50 years and older with abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans between 2000 and 2015 were randomly selected (CT cohort). All patients from the REP with PC between 2000 and 2019 were also selected (PC cohort). Data were analyzed from November 2021 through August 2023. Main outcomes and measures: CIs for PC incidence estimates were calculated using exact methods with the Poisson distribution. Cox models were used to estimate age, sex, and stage-adjusted hazard ratios for time-to-event end points. Results: The CT cohort included 2114 patients (1140 females [53.9%]; mean [SD] age, 68.6 [12.1] years). IPMNs were identified in 231 patients (10.9%; 95% CI, 9.7%-12.3%), most of which were branch duct (210 branch-duct [90.9%], 16 main-duct [6.9%], and 5 mixed [2.2%] IPMNs). There were 5 Fukuoka high-risk (F-HR) IPMNs (2.2%), 39 worrisome (F-W) IPMNs (16.9%), and 187 negative (F-N) IPMNs (81.0%). After a median (IQR) follow-up of 12.0 (8.1-15.3) years, 4 patients developed PC (2 patients in F-HR and 2 patients in F-N groups). The PC incidence rate per 100 person years for F-HR IPMNs was 34.06 incidents (95% CI, 4.12-123.02 incidents) and not significantly different for patients with F-N IPMNs compared with patients without IPMNs (0.16 patients; 95% CI, 0.02-0.57 patients vs 0.11 patients; 95% CI, 0.06-0.17 patients; P = .62). The PC cohort included 320 patients (155 females [48.4%]; mean [SD] age, 72.0 [12.3] years), and 9.8% (95% CI, 7.0%-13.7%) had IPMN-PC. Compared with 284 patients with non-IPMN PC, 31 patients with IPMN-PC were older (mean [SD] age, 76.9 [9.2] vs 71.3 [12.5] years; P = .02) and more likely to undergo surgical resection (14 patients [45.2%] vs 60 patients [21.1%]; P = .003) and more-frequently had nonmetastatic PC at diagnosis (20 patients [64.5%] vs 130 patients [46.8%]; P = .047). Patients with IPMN-PC had better survival (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40-0.94; P = .03) than patients with non-IPMN PC. Conclusions and relevance: In this study, CTs identified IPMNs in approximately 10% of patients aged 50 years or older. PC risk in patients with F-N IPMNs was low and not different compared with patients without IPMNs; approximately 10% of patients with PC had IPMN-PC, and they had better survival compared with patients with non-IPMN PC.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Pancreatic Intraductal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Pancreatic Intraductal Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Pancreatic Intraductal Neoplasms/pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology ; Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous ; Pancreatic Neoplasms
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2574-3805
ISSN (online)	2574-3805
DOI	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.37799
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Article ; Online: Longitudinal Lung Function Assessment of Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 Using

Saunders, Laura C / Collier, Guilhem J / Chan, Ho-Fung / Hughes, Paul J C / Smith, Laurie J / Watson, J G R / Meiring, James E / Gabriel, Zoë / Newman, Thomas / Plowright, Megan / Wade, Phillip / Eaden, James A / Thomas, Siby / Strickland, Scarlett / Gustafsson, Lotta / Bray, Jody / Marshall, Helen / Capener, David A / Armstrong, Leanne /

Chest

2023 Volume 164, Issue 3, Page(s) 700–716

Abstract: Background: Microvascular abnormalities and impaired gas transfer have been observed in patients with COVID-19. The progression of pulmonary changes in these patients remains unclear.: Research question: Do patients hospitalized with COVID-19 without ...

Abstract	Background: Microvascular abnormalities and impaired gas transfer have been observed in patients with COVID-19. The progression of pulmonary changes in these patients remains unclear. Research question: Do patients hospitalized with COVID-19 without evidence of architectural distortion on structural imaging exhibit longitudinal improvements in lung function measured by using Study design and methods: Patients who were hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia underwent a pulmonary Results: Nine patients were recruited (age 57 ± 14 [median ± interquartile range] years; six of nine patients were male). Patients underwent MRI at 6 (n = 9), 12 (n = 9), 25 (n = 6), and 51 (n = 8) weeks following hospital admission. Patients with signs of interstitial lung damage were excluded. At 6 weeks, patients exhibited impaired Interpretation: 129
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Female ; Xenon Isotopes ; Prospective Studies ; COVID-19 ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Lung/diagnostic imaging
Chemical Substances	Xenon Isotopes
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1032552-9
ISSN	1931-3543 ; 0012-3692
ISSN (online)	1931-3543
ISSN	0012-3692
DOI	10.1016/j.chest.2023.03.024
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Article ; Online: Prospect theory reflects selective allocation of attention.

Pachur, Thorsten / Schulte-Mecklenbeck, Michael / Murphy, Ryan O / Hertwig, Ralph

Journal of experimental psychology. General

2018 Volume 147, Issue 2, Page(s) 147–169

Abstract: There is a disconnect in the literature between analyses of risky choice based on cumulative prospect theory (CPT) and work on predecisional information processing. One likely reason is that for expectation models (e.g., CPT), it is often assumed that ... ...

Abstract	There is a disconnect in the literature between analyses of risky choice based on cumulative prospect theory (CPT) and work on predecisional information processing. One likely reason is that for expectation models (e.g., CPT), it is often assumed that people behaved only as if they conducted the computations leading to the predicted choice and that the models are thus mute regarding information processing. We suggest that key psychological constructs in CPT, such as loss aversion and outcome and probability sensitivity, can be interpreted in terms of attention allocation. In two experiments, we tested hypotheses about specific links between CPT parameters and attentional regularities. Experiment 1 used process tracing to monitor participants' predecisional attention allocation to outcome and probability information. As hypothesized, individual differences in CPT's loss-aversion, outcome-sensitivity, and probability-sensitivity parameters (estimated from participants' choices) were systematically associated with individual differences in attention allocation to outcome and probability information. For instance, loss aversion was associated with the relative attention allocated to loss and gain outcomes, and a more strongly curved weighting function was associated with less attention allocated to probabilities. Experiment 2 manipulated participants' attention to losses or gains, causing systematic differences in CPT's loss-aversion parameter. This result indicates that attention allocation can to some extent cause choice regularities that are captured by CPT. Our findings demonstrate an as-if model's capacity to reflect characteristics of information processing. We suggest that the observed CPT-attention links can be harnessed to inform the development of process models of risky choice. (PsycINFO Database Record
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Affect ; Attention/physiology ; Cognition/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Psychological Theory ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	189732-9
ISSN	1939-2222 ; 0096-3445
ISSN (online)	1939-2222
ISSN	0096-3445
DOI	10.1037/xge0000406
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Article ; Online: Performance on the Operant Test Battery in young children exposed to procedures requiring general anaesthesia: the MASK study.

Warner, David O / Chelonis, John J / Paule, Merle G / Frank, Ryan D / Lee, Minji / Zaccariello, Michael J / Katusic, Slavica K / Schroeder, Darrell R / Hanson, Andrew C / Schulte, Phillip J / Wilder, Robert T / Sprung, Juraj / Flick, Randall P

British journal of anaesthesia

2019 Volume 122, Issue 4, Page(s) 470–479

Abstract: Background: It is not known whether the neurotoxicity produced by anaesthetics administered to young animals can also occur in children. Exposure of infant macaques to ketamine impairs performance in selected domains of the Operant Test Battery (OTB), ... ...

Abstract	Background: It is not known whether the neurotoxicity produced by anaesthetics administered to young animals can also occur in children. Exposure of infant macaques to ketamine impairs performance in selected domains of the Operant Test Battery (OTB), which can also be administered to children. This study determined whether a similar pattern of results on the OTB is found in children exposed to procedures requiring general anaesthesia before age 3 yr. Methods: We analysed data from the Mayo Anesthesia Safety in Kids (MASK) study, in which unexposed, singly-exposed, and multiply-exposed children born in Olmsted County, MN, USA, from 1994 to 2007 were sampled using a propensity-guided approach and prospectively underwent OTB testing at ages 8-12 or 15-20 yr, using five tasks that generated 15 OTB test scores. Results: In primary analysis, none of the OTB test scores depended upon anaesthesia exposure status when corrected for multiple comparisons. Cluster analysis identified four clusters of subjects, with cluster membership determined by relative performance on the OTB tasks. There was no evidence of association between exposure status and cluster membership. Exploratory factor analysis showed that the OTB scores loaded onto four factors. The score for one factor was significantly less in multiply-exposed children (mean standardised difference -0.28 [95% confidence interval, -0.55 to -0.01; P=0.04]), but significance did not survive a sensitivity analysis accounting for outlying values. Conclusions: These findings provide little evidence to support the hypothesis that children exposed to procedures requiring anaesthesia show deficits on OTB tasks that are similar to those observed in non-human primates.
MeSH term(s)	Anesthesia, General/adverse effects ; Anesthetics, General/adverse effects ; Child ; Child Development/drug effects ; Child, Preschool ; Cluster Analysis ; Cognition Disorders/chemically induced ; Cognition Disorders/diagnosis ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Neuropsychological Tests
Chemical Substances	Anesthetics, General
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Multicenter Study
ZDB-ID	80074-0
ISSN	1471-6771 ; 0007-0912
ISSN (online)	1471-6771
ISSN	0007-0912
DOI	10.1016/j.bja.2018.12.020
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Article ; Online: Patterns of neuropsychological changes after general anaesthesia in young children: secondary analysis of the Mayo Anesthesia Safety in Kids study.

Zaccariello, Michael J / Frank, Ryan D / Lee, Minji / Kirsch, Alexandra C / Schroeder, Darrell R / Hanson, Andrew C / Schulte, Phillip J / Wilder, Robert T / Sprung, Juraj / Katusic, Slavica K / Flick, Randall P / Warner, David O

British journal of anaesthesia

2019 Volume 122, Issue 5, Page(s) 671–681

Abstract: Background: We hypothesised that exposure to multiple, but not single, procedures requiring general anaesthesia before age 3 yr is associated with a specific pattern of deficits in processing speed and fine motor skills.: Methods: A secondary ... ...

Abstract	Background: We hypothesised that exposure to multiple, but not single, procedures requiring general anaesthesia before age 3 yr is associated with a specific pattern of deficits in processing speed and fine motor skills. Methods: A secondary analysis (using factor and cluster analyses) of data from the Mayo Anesthesia Safety in Kids study was conducted, in which unexposed, singly exposed, and multiply exposed children born in Olmsted County, MN, USA from 1994 to 2007 were sampled using a propensity-guided approach and underwent neuropsychological testing at ages 8-12 or 15-20 yr. Results: In the factor analysis, the data were well fit to a five factor model. For subjects multiply (but not singly) exposed to anaesthesia, a factor reflecting motor skills, visual-motor integration, and processing speed was significantly lower [standardised difference of -0.35 (95% confidence interval {CI} -0.57 to -0.13)] compared with unexposed subjects. No other factor was associated with exposure. Three groups were identified in the cluster analysis, with 106 subjects (10.6%) in Cluster A (lowest performance in most tests), 557 (55.9%) in Cluster B, and 334 (33.5%) in Cluster C (highest performance in most tests). The odds of multiply exposed children belonging to Cluster A was 2.83 (95% CI: 1.49-5.35; P=0.001) compared with belonging to Cluster B; there was no other significant association between exposure status and cluster membership. Conclusions: Multiple, but not single, exposures to procedures requiring general anaesthesia before age 3 yr are associated with a specific pattern of deficits in neuropsychological tests. Factors predicting which children develop the most pronounced deficits remain unknown.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Anesthesia, General/adverse effects ; Anesthetics, General/administration & dosage ; Anesthetics, General/adverse effects ; Anesthetics, General/pharmacology ; Child ; Cluster Analysis ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Skills/drug effects ; Neurodevelopmental Disorders/chemically induced ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Psychomotor Performance/drug effects ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Anesthetics, General
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80074-0
ISSN	1471-6771 ; 0007-0912
ISSN (online)	1471-6771
ISSN	0007-0912
DOI	10.1016/j.bja.2019.01.022
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Article: Quantitative Digitography Measures Fine Motor Disturbances in Chronically Treated HIV Similar to Parkinson's Disease.

Prabhakar, Varsha / Martin, Talora / Müller-Oehring, Eva M / Goodcase, Ryan / Schulte, Tilman / Poston, Kathleen L / Brontë-Stewart, Helen M

Frontiers in aging neuroscience

2020 Volume 12, Page(s) 539598

Abstract: ... ...

Abstract	Introduction
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2558898-9
ISSN	1663-4365
ISSN	1663-4365
DOI	10.3389/fnagi.2020.539598
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Article ; Online: Sperm DNA damage in male infertility: etiologies, assays, and outcomes.

Schulte, Ryan T / Ohl, Dana A / Sigman, Mark / Smith, Gary D

Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics

2009 Volume 27, Issue 1, Page(s) 3–12

Abstract: Male factor infertility is the sole cause of infertility in approximately 20% of infertile couples, with an additional 30% to 40% secondary to both male and female factors. Current means of evaluation of male factor infertility remains routine semen ... ...

Abstract	Male factor infertility is the sole cause of infertility in approximately 20% of infertile couples, with an additional 30% to 40% secondary to both male and female factors. Current means of evaluation of male factor infertility remains routine semen analysis including seminal volume, pH, sperm concentration, motility, and morphology. However, approximately 15% of patients with male factor infertility have a normal semen analysis and a definitive diagnosis of male infertility often cannot be made as a result of routine semen analysis. Attention has focused on the role of sperm nuclear DNA integrity in male factor infertility. Here we review the structure of human sperm chromatin, the etiology and mechanisms of sperm DNA damage, current tests available to assess sperm DNA integrity, and effect of sperm DNA integrity on reproductive outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Chromatin/metabolism ; DNA Damage/genetics ; Humans ; Infertility, Male/diagnosis ; Infertility, Male/genetics ; Infertility, Male/metabolism ; Male ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; Sperm Motility/genetics ; Spermatozoa/metabolism ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Chromatin
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-12-12
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1112577-9
ISSN	1573-7330 ; 1058-0468
ISSN (online)	1573-7330
ISSN	1058-0468
DOI	10.1007/s10815-009-9359-x
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Book ; Online: Sub-0.6 eV Inverted Metamorphic GaInAs Cells Grown on InP and GaAs Substrates for Thermophotovoltaics and Laser Power Conversion

Schulte, Kevin L. / Friedman, Daniel J. / Dada, Titilope / Guthrey, Harvey L. / da Costa, Edgard Winter / Tervo, Eric J. / France, Ryan M. / Geisz, John F. / Steiner, Myles A.

2023

Abstract: We present inverted metamorphic Ga0.3In0.7As photovoltaic converters with sub-0.60 eV bandgaps grown on InP and GaAs substrates. The compositionally graded buffers in these devices have threading dislocation densities of 1.3x10^6 cm^-2 and 8.9x10^6 cm^-2 ...

Abstract	We present inverted metamorphic Ga0.3In0.7As photovoltaic converters with sub-0.60 eV bandgaps grown on InP and GaAs substrates. The compositionally graded buffers in these devices have threading dislocation densities of 1.3x10^6 cm^-2 and 8.9x10^6 cm^-2 on InP and GaAs, respectively. The devices generate open-circuit voltages of 0.386 V and 0.383 V, respectively, at a current density of ~10 A/cm^2, yielding bandgap-voltage offsets of 0.20 and 0.21 V. We measured their broadband reflectance and used it to estimate thermophotovoltaic efficiency. The InP-based cell is estimated to yield 1.09 W/cm^2 at 1100 degrees C vs. 0.92 W/cm^2 for the GaAs-based cell, with efficiencies of 16.8 vs. 9.2%. The efficiencies of both devices are limited by sub-bandgap absorption, with power weighted sub-bandgap reflectances of 81% and 58%, respectively, which we assess largely occurs in the graded buffers. We estimate that the thermophotovoltaic efficiencies would peak at ~1100 degrees C at 24.0% and 20.7% in structures with the graded buffer removed, if previously demonstrated reflectance is achieved. These devices also have application to laser power conversion in the 2.0-2.3 micron atmospheric window. We estimate peak LPC efficiencies of 36.8% and 32.5% under 2.0 micron irradiances of 1.86 W/cm^2 and 2.81 W/cm^2, respectively. Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures
Keywords	Physics - Applied Physics ; Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Subject code	600
Publishing date	2023-10-12
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article ; Online: The Mars Organic Molecule Analyzer (MOMA) Instrument: Characterization of Organic Material in Martian Sediments.

Goesmann, Fred / Brinckerhoff, William B / Raulin, François / Goetz, Walter / Danell, Ryan M / Getty, Stephanie A / Siljeström, Sandra / Mißbach, Helge / Steininger, Harald / Arevalo, Ricardo D / Buch, Arnaud / Freissinet, Caroline / Grubisic, Andrej / Meierhenrich, Uwe J / Pinnick, Veronica T / Stalport, Fabien / Szopa, Cyril / Vago, Jorge L / Lindner, Robert /

Schulte, Mitchell D / Brucato, John Robert / Glavin, Daniel P / Grand, Noel / Li, Xiang / van Amerom, Friso H W

Astrobiology

2019 Volume 17, Issue 6-7, Page(s) 655–685

Abstract: The Mars Organic Molecule Analyzer (MOMA) instrument onboard the ESA/Roscosmos ExoMars rover (to launch in July, 2020) will analyze volatile and refractory organic compounds in martian surface and subsurface sediments. In this study, we describe the ... ...

Abstract	The Mars Organic Molecule Analyzer (MOMA) instrument onboard the ESA/Roscosmos ExoMars rover (to launch in July, 2020) will analyze volatile and refractory organic compounds in martian surface and subsurface sediments. In this study, we describe the design, current status of development, and analytical capabilities of the instrument. Data acquired on preliminary MOMA flight-like hardware and experimental setups are also presented, illustrating their contribution to the overall science return of the mission. Key Words: Mars-Mass spectrometry-Life detection-Planetary instrumentation. Astrobiology 17, 655-685.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2047736-3
ISSN	1557-8070 ; 1531-1074
ISSN (online)	1557-8070
ISSN	1531-1074
DOI	10.1089/ast.2016.1551
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Article ; Online: Cognitive and motor deficits in older adults with HIV infection: Comparison with normal ageing and Parkinson's disease.

Müller-Oehring, Eva M / Fama, Rosemary / Levine, Taylor F / Hardcastle, Cheshire / Goodcase, Ryan / Martin, Talora / Prabhakar, Varsha / Brontë-Stewart, Helen M / Poston, Kathleen L / Sullivan, Edith V / Schulte, Tilman

Journal of neuropsychology

2020 Volume 15, Issue 2, Page(s) 253–273

Abstract: Despite the life-extending success of antiretroviral pharmacotherapy in HIV infection (HIV), the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in HIV remains high. Near-normal life expectancy invokes an emerging role for age-infection interaction and a ... ...

Abstract	Despite the life-extending success of antiretroviral pharmacotherapy in HIV infection (HIV), the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in HIV remains high. Near-normal life expectancy invokes an emerging role for age-infection interaction and a potential synergy between immunosenescence and HIV-related health factors, increasing risk of cognitive and motor impairment associated with degradation in corticostriatal circuits. These neural systems are also compromised in Parkinson's disease (PD), which could help model the cognitive deficit pattern in HIV. This cross-sectional study examined three groups, age 45-79 years: 42 HIV, 41 PD, and 37 control (CTRL) participants, tested at Stanford University Medical School and SRI International. Neuropsychological tests assessed executive function (EF), information processing speed (IPS), episodic memory (MEM), visuospatial processing (VSP), and upper motor (MOT) speed and dexterity. The HIV and PD deficit profiles were similar for EF, MEM, and VSP. Although only the PD group was impaired on MOT compared with CTRL, MOT scores were related to cognitive scores in HIV but not PD. Performance was not related to depressive symptoms, socioeconomic status, or CD4
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aging ; Cognition ; Cognitive Dysfunction/complications ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Executive Function ; HIV Infections/complications ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Parkinson Disease/complications
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2380753-2
ISSN	1748-6653 ; 1748-6645
ISSN (online)	1748-6653
ISSN	1748-6645
DOI	10.1111/jnp.12227
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