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Article: HCMR interviews physician administrator leaders. Interview by Michael J. Enright.

Edwards, C / Henry, R A / Kiser, W S / Mayberry, W E / Kaufman, R P

1984 Volume 9, Issue 4, Page(s) 81–91

Abstract: ... Edwards, President and Chief Executive Officer of Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation; Robert A. Henry ...

Abstract	This interview departs from HCMR's usual format, interviewing several leaders in health care administration for their ideas on current economic pressures, the impact of competition and joint ventures, attitudes toward equity and capital formation, and competition between the interest of clinical medicine and the cost of care. The physician administrators interviewed hold senior administrative positions: Charles Edwards, President and Chief Executive Officer of Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation; Robert A. Henry, President and Chief Executive Officer of Swedish-American Corporation; William S. Kiser, Chairman of the Board of Governors at Cleveland Clinic Foundation; W. Eugene Mayberry, Chairman of the Board of Governors at Mayo Clinic; and Ronald P. Kaufman, Vice-President for Medical Affairs of George Washington University Hospital. All are members of the Board of Regents or Fellows of the American College of Physician Executives.
MeSH term(s)	Economic Competition ; Financial Management, Hospital ; Health Facility Administrators ; Health Facility Merger ; Hospital Administration ; Hospital Planning ; Hospital Restructuring ; Humans ; Physicians ; United States
Language	English
Publishing date	1984
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Interview
ZDB-ID	430366-0
ISSN	1550-5030 ; 0361-6274
ISSN (online)	1550-5030
ISSN	0361-6274
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Article ; Online: Prophages: an integral but understudied component of the human microbiome.

Inglis, Laura K / Roach, Michael J / Edwards, Robert A

Microbial genomics

2024 Volume 10, Issue 1

Abstract: Phages integrated into a bacterial genome - called prophages - continuously monitor the vigour of the host bacteria to determine when to escape the genome and to protect their host from other phage infections, and they may provide genes that promote ... ...

Abstract	Phages integrated into a bacterial genome - called prophages - continuously monitor the vigour of the host bacteria to determine when to escape the genome and to protect their host from other phage infections, and they may provide genes that promote bacterial growth. Prophages are essential to almost all microbiomes, including the human microbiome. However, most human microbiome studies have focused on bacteria, ignoring free and integrated phages, so we know little about how these prophages affect the human microbiome. To address this gap in our knowledge, we compared the prophages identified in 14 987 bacterial genomes isolated from human body sites to characterize prophage DNA in the human microbiome. Here, we show that prophage DNA is ubiquitous, comprising on average 1-5 % of each bacterial genome. The prophage content per genome varies with the isolation site on the human body, the health of the human and whether the disease was symptomatic. The presence of prophages promotes bacterial growth and sculpts the microbiome. However, the disparities caused by prophages vary throughout the body.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Prophages ; Bacteriophages ; Genome, Bacterial ; Microbiota ; DNA
Chemical Substances	DNA (9007-49-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835258-0
ISSN	2057-5858 ; 2057-5858
ISSN (online)	2057-5858
ISSN	2057-5858
DOI	10.1099/mgen.0.001166
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Article ; Online: Measurement Invariance in Intellectual and Developmental Disability Research.

Farmer, Cristan / Kaat, Aaron J / Edwards, Michael C / Lecavalier, Luc

American journal on intellectual and developmental disabilities

2024 Volume 129, Issue 3, Page(s) 191–198

Abstract: Measurement invariance (MI) is a psychometric property of an instrument indicating the degree to which scores from an instrument are comparable across groups. In recent years, there has been a marked uptick in publications using MI in intellectual and ... ...

Abstract	Measurement invariance (MI) is a psychometric property of an instrument indicating the degree to which scores from an instrument are comparable across groups. In recent years, there has been a marked uptick in publications using MI in intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) samples. Our goal here is to provide an overview of why MI is important to IDD researchers and to describe some challenges to evaluating it, with an eye towards nudging our subfield into a more thoughtful and measured interpretation of studies using MI.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Intellectual Disability/psychology ; Developmental Disabilities ; Psychometrics/standards ; Psychometrics/instrumentation ; Biomedical Research/standards
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2477909-X
ISSN	1944-7558 ; 1944-7515
ISSN (online)	1944-7558
ISSN	1944-7515
DOI	10.1352/1944-7558-129.3.191
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Article ; Online: Urine color expressed in CIE Lab* colorspace during rapid changes in hydration status.

Edwards, Tory / Buono, Michael J

Current research in physiology

2022 Volume 5, Page(s) 251–255

Abstract: Background: To investigate how rapid changes in hydration affect urine color expressed in CIE L*a*b* colorspace.: Methods: This study was a two-day crossover design where subjects (N = 30) came in one visit dehydrated, after a 15 h overnight fluid ... ...

Abstract	Background: To investigate how rapid changes in hydration affect urine color expressed in CIE Lab* colorspace. Methods: This study was a two-day crossover design where subjects (N = 30) came in one visit dehydrated, after a 15 h overnight fluid deprivation, and rapidly rehydrated by drinking at least 1000 mL of water in 2 h. On the other visit subjects reported euhydrated and then rapidly dehydrated 2% by walking (3 mph) in a heat chamber (100°F, 50% humidity) for 2 h. Urine samples on both days were collected pre- and post-dehydration/rehydration. Urine osmolality, urine specific gravity, subjective urine color and objective urine color expressed in CIE Lab* colorspace were measured. Results: In the dehydration trial participants experienced a significant weight loss of approximately 2% of their starting, euhydrated body weight. The CIE urine color L-value significantly decreased (-2.3 units) while the b-value significantly increased (16 units). Subjective urine color significantly increased (1 unit). Urine osmolality increased (25 mmol/kg) and urine specific gravity increased (0.002 g/mL) between the pre- and post-dehydration conditions, however, neither of these changes were statistically significant. In the rehydration trial participants had a significant 1.5% increase in body weight after the ingestion of water. Significant increases were observed in the CIE urine color L-value (7 units) and a-value (1.1 units), while the b-value significantly decreased (-24 units). Subjective urine color significantly decreased (-3 units). Urine osmolality (-600 mmol/kg) and urine specific gravity (-0.018 g/mL) significantly decreased between the pre- and post-rehydration conditions. Conclusions:* Traditional markers of hydration, including urine osmolality and urine specific gravity, did not significantly change in the acute dehydration trial, suggesting that these values may not be responsive to rapid changes in hydration status. However, the CIE L- and b-values of urine color significantly decreased in the rapid dehydration trial and significantly increased in the rapid rehydration trial. Thus, the results of the current study suggest that urine color L- and b-values expressed in the CIE Lab* colorspace were more responsive to changes in hydration status during rapid dehydration than traditional indices of urine concentration and thus may be better markers under such conditions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-24
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2665-9441
ISSN (online)	2665-9441
DOI	10.1016/j.crphys.2022.06.007
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Prophage rates in the human microbiome vary by body site and host health.

Inglis, Laura K / Roach, Michael J / Edwards, Robert A

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2023

Abstract: Phages integrated into a bacterial genome-called prophages-continuously monitor the health of the host bacteria to determine when to escape the genome, protect their host from other phage infections, and may provide genes that promote bacterial growth. ... ...

Abstract	Phages integrated into a bacterial genome-called prophages-continuously monitor the health of the host bacteria to determine when to escape the genome, protect their host from other phage infections, and may provide genes that promote bacterial growth. Prophages are essential to almost all microbiomes, including the human microbiome. However, most human microbiome studies focus on bacteria, ignoring free and integrated phages, so we know little about how these prophages affect the human microbiome. We compared the prophages identified in 11,513 bacterial genomes isolated from human body sites to characterise prophage DNA in the human microbiome. Here, we show that prophage DNA comprised an average of 1-5% of each bacterial genome. The prophage content per genome varies with the isolation site on the human body, the health of the human, and whether the disease was symptomatic. The presence of prophages promotes bacterial growth and sculpts the microbiome. However, the disparities caused by prophages vary throughout the body.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.05.04.539508
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Article: A Comparison of Hemostatic Activities of Zeolite-Based Formulary Finishes on Cotton Dressings.

Edwards, J Vincent / Prevost, Nicolette T / Cintron, Michael Santiago

Journal of functional biomaterials

2023 Volume 14, Issue 5

Abstract: The need for affordable effective prehospital hemostatic dressings to control hemorrhage has led to an increased interest in new dressing design approaches. Here we consider the separate components of fabric, fiber, and procoagulant nonexothermic zeolite- ...

Abstract	The need for affordable effective prehospital hemostatic dressings to control hemorrhage has led to an increased interest in new dressing design approaches. Here we consider the separate components of fabric, fiber, and procoagulant nonexothermic zeolite-based formulations on design approaches to accelerated hemostasis. The design of the fabric formulations was based on incorporation of zeolite Y as the principal procoagulant, with calcium and pectin to adhere and enhance the activity. Unbleached nonwoven cotton when combined with bleached cotton displays enhanced properties related to hemostasis. Here, we compare sodium zeolite with ammonium zeolite formulated on fabrics utilizing pectin with pad versus spray-dry-cure and varied fiber compositions. Notably, ammonium as a counterion resulted in shorter times to fibrin and clot formation comparable to the procoagulant standard. The time to fibrin formation as measured by thromboelastography was found to be within a range consistent with modulating severe hemorrhage control. The results indicate a correlation between fabric add-on and accelerated clotting as measured by both time to fibrin and clot formation. A comparison between the time to fibrin formation in calcium/pectin formulations and pectin alone revealed an enhanced clotting effect with calcium decreasing by one minute the time to fibrin formation. Infra-red spectra were employed to characterize and quantify the zeolite formulations on the dressings.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2648525-4
ISSN	2079-4983
ISSN	2079-4983
DOI	10.3390/jfb14050255
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Article: Quantifying phenological landmarks of migration shows nonuniform use of the Caribbean by shorebirds.

Cañizares, Jessica Rozek / Edwards, Collin B / Reed, J Michael

Ecology and evolution

2023 Volume 13, Issue 4, Page(s) e9954

Abstract: Of the boreal- and Arctic-breeding North American shorebirds that migrate south through the Caribbean, most individuals continue farther south. However, for many species, some individuals remain beyond the southbound migration period (i.e., throughout ... ...

Abstract	Of the boreal- and Arctic-breeding North American shorebirds that migrate south through the Caribbean, most individuals continue farther south. However, for many species, some individuals remain beyond the southbound migration period (i.e., throughout the temperate winter and/or summer). This variation among individuals adds complexity to observation data, obscures migration patterns, and could prevent the examination of the use of different Caribbean regions by various shorebird species during migration and in the nonmigratory seasons. Here, we present a novel method that leverages a well-established statistical approach (generalized additive models) to systematically identify migration phenology even for complex passage migrant species with individuals that remain beyond migration. Our method identifies the active migration period using derivatives of a fitted GAM and then calculates phenology metrics based on quantiles of that migration period. We also developed indices to quantify oversummering and overwintering patterns with respect to migration. We analyzed eBird data for 16 North American shorebird species as they traveled South through the insular Caribbean, identifying separate migratory patterns for Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guadeloupe, Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, and Trinidad and Tobago. Our results confirm past reports and provide additional detail on shorebird migration in the Caribbean, and identify several previously unpublished regional patterns. Despite Puerto Rico being farther north and closer to continental North America, most species reached Puerto Rico later than other regions, supporting a long-standing hypothesis that migration strategy (transcontinental vs. transoceanic) leads to geographic differences in migration timing. We also found distinct patterns of migration curves, with some regions and species consistently having either symmetrical or skewed curves; these differences in migration curve shape reflect different migration processes. Our novel method proved reliable and adaptable for most species and serves as a valuable tool for identifying phenological patterns in complex migration data, potentially unlocking previously intractable data.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2635675-2
ISSN	2045-7758
ISSN	2045-7758
DOI	10.1002/ece3.9954
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Book ; Conference proceedings ; Online: (Table 1) Age determination of ODP Hole 134-831B, supplementary data to: Taylor, Frederick W; Quinn, Terrence Michael; Gallup, Christina D; Edwards, R Lawrence (1994): Quaternary plate convergence rates at the New Hebrides Island Arc from the chronostratigraphy of Bougainville Guyot (Site 831). In: Green, HG; Collot, J-Y; Stokking, LB; et al. (eds.), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 134, 47-57

Taylor, Frederick W / Edwards, R Lawrence / Gallup, Christina D / Quinn, Terrence Michael

1994

Abstract: We have determined convergence rates of the Australia plate with the New Hebrides Island Arc using the chronostratigraphy of Bougainville Guyot, drilled at Site 831, Ocean Drilling Program Leg 134. The convergence rate at the New Hebrides Island Arc is ... ...

Abstract	We have determined convergence rates of the Australia plate with the New Hebrides Island Arc using the chronostratigraphy of Bougainville Guyot, drilled at Site 831, Ocean Drilling Program Leg 134. The convergence rate at the New Hebrides Island Arc is the vectorial sum of convergence rates between the Australia and Pacific plates (8.8 cm/yr at Espiritu Santo Island) and the opening rate of the North Fiji Basin. We assume that the relative motion of the Australia and Pacific plates is unchanging on the 1.5 m.y. time scale and that any changes of rate occurred in the North Fiji Basin. Convergence rates can be calculated because we know the distances at which carbonate sedimentation would cease and resume as the Bougainville Guyot emerged and submerged during its crossing of the outer rise flexure west of the New Hebrides Island Arc. From 1.42 to 0.393 Ma, Bougainville Guyot was subaerially exposed as it moved approximately 177 km across the outer rise and no sediment was deposited. The mean convergence rate during this time interval was 17.2 +/- 7 cm/yr, as determined from strontium-isotope and uranium-series ages of the last carbonates before emergence and the first carbonates deposited after submergence. The Australia plate has converged approximately 52 km with the New Hebrides Island Arc at a mean rate of 13.2 +/- 1 cm/yr since 0.393 +/- .011 Ma when Bougainville Guyot re-submerged and carbonate sedimentation resumed. This age is based on a precise mass-spectrometric 230Th age measurement and is reliable because the uranium isotopic composition of the sample indicates no diagenetic alteration. The change in convergence rates from 17.2 to 13.2 cm/yr indicates a significant change in the opening rate of the North Fiji Basin. However, this conclusion depends on the age of initial opening of the North Fiji Basin. If the North Fiji Basin began to open at 10 Ma, then the average opening rate at Espiritu Santo Island has been 6 cm/yr. If opening began at 12 Ma, then the average rate had to be 5 cm/yr. Because the relative motion between the Australia and Pacific plates is 8.8 cm/yr, the net convergence rate at the central New Hebrides Island Arc must have averaged 13.8 to 14.8 cm/yr. Younger dates of initial opening would require higher average convergence rates. If the convergence rate of 13.2 cm/yr at Espiritu Santo Island had prevailed for the entire opening of the North Fiji Basin, then the basin would have taken 13-14 m.y. to open at a mean rate of 4.4 cm/yr. This is contrary to hypotheses for the time of origin of the North Fiji Basin.
Language	English
Dates of publication	1994-9999
Size	Online-Ressource
Publisher	PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science
Publishing place	Bremen/Bremerhaven
Document type	Book ; Conference proceedings ; Online
Note	This dataset is supplement to doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.134.003.1994
DOI	10.1594/PANGAEA.787342
Database	Library catalogue of the German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB), Hannover

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Book ; Online: Operator Guidance Informed by AI-Augmented Simulations

Edwards, Samuel J. / Levine, Michael

2023

Abstract: This paper will present a multi-fidelity, data-adaptive approach with a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network to estimate ship response statistics in bimodal, bidirectional seas. The study will employ a fast low-fidelity, volume-based tool ... ...

Abstract	This paper will present a multi-fidelity, data-adaptive approach with a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network to estimate ship response statistics in bimodal, bidirectional seas. The study will employ a fast low-fidelity, volume-based tool SimpleCode and a higher-fidelity tool known as the Large Amplitude Motion Program (LAMP). SimpleCode and LAMP data were generated by common bi-modal, bi-directional sea conditions in the North Atlantic as training data. After training an LSTM network with LAMP ship motion response data, a sample route was traversed and randomly sampled historical weather was input into SimpleCode and the LSTM network, and compared against the higher fidelity results. Comment: Presented at the 22nd Conference on Computer Applications and Information Technology in the Maritime Industries (COMPIT) in Drubeck, Germany on May 25th, 2023
Keywords	Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ; Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics ; Statistics - Applications ; 68T07 ; J.2
Publishing date	2023-07-17
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Depression Moderates the Relationship between Trait Anxiety, Worry and Attentional Control in Melanoma Survivors.

Edwards, Elizabeth J / Chu, Khanh Linh / John, Nikeith / Edwards, Mark S / Lyvers, Michael

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 11, Issue 23

Abstract: Cancer survivors commonly contend with concurrent cognitive difficulties such as problems with attention and concentration, and psychological distress, including anxiety and depression. However, the associations between attentional and emotional ... ...

Abstract	Cancer survivors commonly contend with concurrent cognitive difficulties such as problems with attention and concentration, and psychological distress, including anxiety and depression. However, the associations between attentional and emotional difficulties within the specific context of melanoma survivors remain relatively unexplored. Premised on attentional control theory, the current study employed a cross-sectional design to explore the interplay among trait anxiety (dispositional) and situational anxiety (cancer-related worry), depression and attentional control (ability to inhibit distractors and flexibly shift within and between tasks) in a sample of 187 melanoma survivors aged 18 to 58 years (
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2721009-1
ISSN	2227-9032
ISSN	2227-9032
DOI	10.3390/healthcare11233097
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