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Article ; Online: Genomic deletion of Bcl6 differentially affects conventional dendritic cell subsets and compromises Tfh/Tfr/Th17 cell responses.

Xiao, Hongkui / Ulmert, Isabel / Bach, Luisa / Huber, Johanna / Narasimhan, Hamsa / Kurochkin, Ilia / Chang, Yinshui / Holst, Signe / Mörbe, Urs / Zhang, Lili / Schlitzer, Andreas / Pereira, Carlos-Filipe / Schraml, Barbara U / Baumjohann, Dirk / Lahl, Katharina

Nature communications

2024 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 3554

Abstract: Conventional dendritic cells (cDC) play key roles in immune induction, but what drives their heterogeneity and functional specialization is still ill-defined. Here we show that cDC-specific deletion of the transcriptional repressor Bcl6 in mice alters ... ...

Abstract	Conventional dendritic cells (cDC) play key roles in immune induction, but what drives their heterogeneity and functional specialization is still ill-defined. Here we show that cDC-specific deletion of the transcriptional repressor Bcl6 in mice alters the phenotype and transcriptome of cDC1 and cDC2, while their lineage identity is preserved. Bcl6-deficient cDC1 are diminished in the periphery but maintain their ability to cross-present antigen to CD8
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6/metabolism ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Dendritic Cells/metabolism ; Th17 Cells/immunology ; Th17 Cells/metabolism ; Mice ; Citrobacter rodentium/immunology ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; T Follicular Helper Cells/immunology ; T Follicular Helper Cells/metabolism ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Gene Deletion ; Spleen/immunology ; Spleen/cytology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6 ; Bcl6 protein, mouse
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-024-46966-6
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The porcine large intestine contains developmentally distinct submucosal lymphoid clusters and mucosal isolated lymphoid follicles.

Jørgensen, Peter B / Eriksen, Lise L / Fenton, Thomas M / Bailey, Michael / Agace, William W / Mörbe, Urs M

Developmental and comparative immunology

2022 Volume 131, Page(s) 104375

Abstract: Gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) serve as key priming sites for intestinal adaptive immune responses. Most of our understanding of GALT function and development arises from studies in mice. However, the diversity, structure and cellular composition ...

Abstract	Gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) serve as key priming sites for intestinal adaptive immune responses. Most of our understanding of GALT function and development arises from studies in mice. However, the diversity, structure and cellular composition of GALT differs markedly between mammalian species and the developmental window in which distinct GALT structures develop in large mammals remains poorly understood. Given the importance of pigs as models of human disease, as well as their role in livestock production, we adapted a recently developed protocol for the isolation of human GALT to assess the diversity, development and immune composition of large intestinal GALT in neonatal and adult pigs. We demonstrate that the large intestine of adult pigs contains two major GALT types; multifollicular submucosal GALT that we term submucosal lymphoid clusters (SLC) which develop prenatally, and as yet undescribed mucosal isolated lymphoid follicles (M-ILF), which arise after birth. Using confocal laser microscopy and flow cytometry, we additionally assess the microanatomy and lymphocyte composition of SLC and M-ILF, compare them to jejunal Peyer's patches (PP), and describe the maturation of these structures. Collectively, our results provide a deeper understanding of the diversity and development of GALT within the porcine large intestine.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Intestinal Mucosa ; Intestine, Large ; Intestines ; Lymphoid Tissue ; Mammals ; Mice ; Peyer's Patches ; Swine
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	752411-0
ISSN	1879-0089 ; 0145-305X
ISSN (online)	1879-0089
ISSN	0145-305X
DOI	10.1016/j.dci.2022.104375
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Article ; Online: Identification, isolation and analysis of human gut-associated lymphoid tissues.

Jørgensen, Peter B / Fenton, Thomas M / Mörbe, Urs M / Riis, Lene B / Jakobsen, Henrik L / Nielsen, Ole H / Agace, William W

Nature protocols

2021 Volume 16, Issue 4, Page(s) 2051–2067

Abstract: Gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALTs) comprise key intestinal immune inductive sites, including the Peyer's patches of the small intestine and different types of isolated lymphoid follicle (ILF) found along the length of the gut. Our understanding of ... ...

Abstract	Gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALTs) comprise key intestinal immune inductive sites, including the Peyer's patches of the small intestine and different types of isolated lymphoid follicle (ILF) found along the length of the gut. Our understanding of human GALT is limited due to a lack of protocols for their isolation. Here we describe a technique that, uniquely among intestinal cell isolation protocols, allows identification and isolation of all human GALT, as well as GALT-free intestinal lamina propria (LP). The technique involves the mechanical separation of intestinal mucosa from the submucosa, allowing the identification and isolation of submucosal ILF (SM-ILF), LP-embedded mucosal ILF (M-ILF) and LP free of contaminating lymphoid tissue. Individual SM-ILF, M-ILF and Peyer's patch follicles can be subsequently digested for downstream cellular and molecular characterization. The technique, which takes 4-10 h, will be useful for researchers interested in intestinal immune development and function in health and disease.
MeSH term(s)	Cell Count ; Cell Survival ; Colon/physiology ; Crohn Disease/pathology ; Gastrointestinal Tract/physiology ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Intestinal Mucosa/cytology ; Leukocyte Common Antigens/metabolism ; Lymphoid Tissue/physiology ; Tissue Culture Techniques/methods
Chemical Substances	Leukocyte Common Antigens (EC 3.1.3.48)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2244966-8
ISSN	1750-2799 ; 1754-2189
ISSN (online)	1750-2799
ISSN	1754-2189
DOI	10.1038/s41596-020-00482-1
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Article: The porcine large intestine contains developmentally distinct submucosal lymphoid clusters and mucosal isolated lymphoid follicles

Jørgensen, Peter B. / Eriksen, Lise L. / Fenton, Thomas M. / Bailey, Michael / Agace, William W. / Mörbe, Urs M.

Developmental and comparative immunology. 2022 June, v. 131

2022

Abstract	Gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) serve as key priming sites for intestinal adaptive immune responses. Most of our understanding of GALT function and development arises from studies in mice. However, the diversity, structure and cellular composition of GALT differs markedly between mammalian species and the developmental window in which distinct GALT structures develop in large mammals remains poorly understood. Given the importance of pigs as models of human disease, as well as their role in livestock production, we adapted a recently developed protocol for the isolation of human GALT to assess the diversity, development and immune composition of large intestinal GALT in neonatal and adult pigs. We demonstrate that the large intestine of adult pigs contains two major GALT types; multifollicular submucosal GALT that we term submucosal lymphoid clusters (SLC) which develop prenatally, and as yet undescribed mucosal isolated lymphoid follicles (M-ILF), which arise after birth. Using confocal laser microscopy and flow cytometry, we additionally assess the microanatomy and lymphocyte composition of SLC and M-ILF, compare them to jejunal Peyer's patches (PP), and describe the maturation of these structures. Collectively, our results provide a deeper understanding of the diversity and development of GALT within the porcine large intestine.
Keywords	adults ; confocal laser scanning microscopy ; flow cytometry ; human diseases ; humans ; jejunum ; large intestine ; livestock production ; swine
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-06
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	752411-0
ISSN	1879-0089 ; 0145-305X
ISSN (online)	1879-0089
ISSN	0145-305X
DOI	10.1016/j.dci.2022.104375
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Zs.A 1327: Show issues

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ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Article ; Online: The small and large intestine contain related mesenchymal subsets that derive from embryonic Gli1

Pærregaard, Simone Isling / Wulff, Line / Schussek, Sophie / Niss, Kristoffer / Mörbe, Urs / Jendholm, Johan / Wendland, Kerstin / Andrusaite, Anna T / Brulois, Kevin F / Nibbs, Robert J B / Sitnik, Katarzyna / Mowat, Allan McI / Butcher, Eugene C / Brunak, Søren / Agace, William W

Nature communications

2023 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 2307

Abstract: The intestinal lamina propria contains a diverse network of fibroblasts that provide key support functions to cells within their local environment. Despite this, our understanding of the diversity, location and ontogeny of fibroblasts within and along ... ...

Abstract	The intestinal lamina propria contains a diverse network of fibroblasts that provide key support functions to cells within their local environment. Despite this, our understanding of the diversity, location and ontogeny of fibroblasts within and along the length of the intestine remains incomplete. Here we show that the small and large intestinal lamina propria contain similar fibroblast subsets that locate in specific anatomical niches. Nevertheless, we find that the transcriptional profile of similar fibroblast subsets differs markedly between the small intestine and colon suggesting region specific functions. We perform in vivo transplantation and lineage-tracing experiments to demonstrate that adult intestinal fibroblast subsets, smooth muscle cells and pericytes derive from Gli1-expressing precursors present in embryonic day 12.5 intestine. Trajectory analysis of single cell RNA-seq datasets of E12.5 and adult mesenchymal cells suggest that adult smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts derive from distinct embryonic intermediates and that adult fibroblast subsets develop in a linear trajectory from CD81
MeSH term(s)	Colon ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Intestine, Large/anatomy & histology ; Intestine, Large/cytology ; Intestine, Small ; Intestines/anatomy & histology ; Intestines/cytology ; Zinc Finger Protein GLI1/genetics ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Zinc Finger Protein GLI1
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-023-37952-5
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Article ; Online: Intestinal fibroblastic reticular cell niches control innate lymphoid cell homeostasis and function.

Cheng, Hung-Wei / Mörbe, Urs / Lütge, Mechthild / Engetschwiler, Céline / Onder, Lucas / Novkovic, Mario / Gil-Cruz, Cristina / Perez-Shibayama, Christian / Hehlgans, Thomas / Scandella, Elke / Ludewig, Burkhard

Nature communications

2022 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 2027

Abstract: Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) govern immune cell homeostasis in the intestine and protect the host against microbial pathogens. Various cell-intrinsic pathways have been identified that determine ILC development and differentiation. However, the cellular ... ...

Abstract	Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) govern immune cell homeostasis in the intestine and protect the host against microbial pathogens. Various cell-intrinsic pathways have been identified that determine ILC development and differentiation. However, the cellular components that regulate ILC sustenance and function in the intestinal lamina propria are less known. Using single-cell transcriptomic analysis of lamina propria fibroblasts, we identify fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) that underpin cryptopatches (CPs) and isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs). Genetic ablation of lymphotoxin-β receptor expression in Ccl19-expressing FRCs blocks the maturation of CPs into mature ILFs. Interactome analysis shows the major niche factors and processes underlying FRC-ILC crosstalk. In vivo validation confirms that a sustained lymphotoxin-driven feedforward loop of FRC activation including IL-7 generation is critical for the maintenance of functional ILC populations. In sum, our study indicates critical fibroblastic niches within the intestinal lamina propria that control ILC homeostasis and functionality and thereby secure protective gut immunity.
MeSH term(s)	Fibroblasts ; Homeostasis ; Immunity, Innate ; Intestines ; Lymphocytes
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-022-29734-2
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Article ; Online: Fibroblastic reticular cell lineage convergence in Peyer's patches governs intestinal immunity.

Prados, Alejandro / Onder, Lucas / Cheng, Hung-Wei / Mörbe, Urs / Lütge, Mechthild / Gil-Cruz, Cristina / Perez-Shibayama, Christian / Koliaraki, Vasiliki / Ludewig, Burkhard / Kollias, George

Nature immunology

2021 Volume 22, Issue 4, Page(s) 510–519

Abstract: Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) determine the organization of lymphoid organs and control immune cell interactions. While the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying FRC differentiation in lymph nodes and the splenic white pulp have been ... ...

Abstract	Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) determine the organization of lymphoid organs and control immune cell interactions. While the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying FRC differentiation in lymph nodes and the splenic white pulp have been elaborated to some extent, in Peyer's patches (PPs) they remain elusive. Using a combination of single-cell transcriptomics and cell fate mapping in advanced mouse models, we found that PP formation in the mouse embryo is initiated by an expansion of perivascular FRC precursors, followed by FRC differentiation from subepithelial progenitors. Single-cell transcriptomics and cell fate mapping confirmed the convergence of perivascular and subepithelial FRC lineages. Furthermore, lineage-specific loss- and gain-of-function approaches revealed that the two FRC lineages synergistically direct PP organization, maintain intestinal microbiome homeostasis and control anticoronavirus immune responses in the gut. Collectively, this study reveals a distinct mosaic patterning program that generates key stromal cell infrastructures for the control of intestinal immunity.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cell Communication ; Cell Lineage ; Cells, Cultured ; Coronavirus Infections/immunology ; Coronavirus Infections/metabolism ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fibroblasts/immunology ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Intestinal Mucosa/immunology ; Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism ; Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology ; Intestinal Mucosa/virology ; Intestine, Small/immunology ; Intestine, Small/metabolism ; Intestine, Small/microbiology ; Intestine, Small/virology ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Murine hepatitis virus/immunology ; Murine hepatitis virus/pathogenicity ; Peyer's Patches/immunology ; Peyer's Patches/metabolism ; Peyer's Patches/microbiology ; Peyer's Patches/virology ; Phenotype ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Transcriptome ; Mice
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2016987-5
ISSN	1529-2916 ; 1529-2908
ISSN (online)	1529-2916
ISSN	1529-2908
DOI	10.1038/s41590-021-00894-5
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Zs.A 5294: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MG 42: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Remodeling of light and dark zone follicular dendritic cells governs germinal center responses.

Pikor, Natalia B / Mörbe, Urs / Lütge, Mechthild / Gil-Cruz, Cristina / Perez-Shibayama, Christian / Novkovic, Mario / Cheng, Hung-Wei / Nombela-Arrieta, César / Nagasawa, Takashi / Linterman, Michelle A / Onder, Lucas / Ludewig, Burkhard

Nature immunology

2020 Volume 21, Issue 6, Page(s) 649–659

Abstract: Efficient generation of germinal center (GC) responses requires directed movement of B cells between distinct microenvironments underpinned by specialized B cell-interacting reticular cells (BRCs). How BRCs are reprogrammed to cater to the developing GC ... ...

Abstract	Efficient generation of germinal center (GC) responses requires directed movement of B cells between distinct microenvironments underpinned by specialized B cell-interacting reticular cells (BRCs). How BRCs are reprogrammed to cater to the developing GC remains unclear, and studying this process is largely hindered by incomplete resolution of the cellular composition of the B cell follicle. Here we used genetic targeting of Cxcl13-expressing cells to define the molecular identity of the BRC landscape. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis revealed that BRC subset specification was predetermined in the primary B cell follicle. Further topological remodeling of light and dark zone follicular dendritic cells required CXCL12-dependent crosstalk with B cells and dictated GC output by retaining B cells in the follicle and steering their interaction with follicular helper T cells. Together, our results reveal that poised BRC-defined microenvironments establish a feed-forward system that determines the efficacy of the GC reaction.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Biomarkers ; Cell Communication ; Chemokine CXCL12/metabolism ; Darkness ; Dendritic Cells, Follicular/immunology ; Dendritic Cells, Follicular/metabolism ; Germinal Center/immunology ; Germinal Center/metabolism ; Immunomodulation/radiation effects ; Light ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Phenotype ; Single-Cell Analysis ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Chemokine CXCL12
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2016987-5
ISSN	1529-2916 ; 1529-2908
ISSN (online)	1529-2916
ISSN	1529-2908
DOI	10.1038/s41590-020-0672-y
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Zs.A 5294: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MG 42: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Type I interferon induces CXCL13 to support ectopic germinal center formation.

Denton, Alice E / Innocentin, Silvia / Carr, Edward J / Bradford, Barry M / Lafouresse, Fanny / Mabbott, Neil A / Mörbe, Urs / Ludewig, Burkhard / Groom, Joanna R / Good-Jacobson, Kim L / Linterman, Michelle A

The Journal of experimental medicine

2019 Volume 216, Issue 3, Page(s) 621–637

Abstract: Ectopic lymphoid structures form in a wide range of inflammatory conditions, including infection, autoimmune disease, and cancer. In the context of infection, this response can be beneficial for the host: influenza A virus infection-induced pulmonary ... ...

Abstract	Ectopic lymphoid structures form in a wide range of inflammatory conditions, including infection, autoimmune disease, and cancer. In the context of infection, this response can be beneficial for the host: influenza A virus infection-induced pulmonary ectopic germinal centers give rise to more broadly cross-reactive antibody responses, thereby generating cross-strain protection. However, despite the ubiquity of ectopic lymphoid structures and their role in both health and disease, little is known about the mechanisms by which inflammation is able to convert a peripheral tissue into one that resembles a secondary lymphoid organ. Here, we show that type I IFN produced after viral infection can induce CXCL13 expression in a phenotypically distinct population of lung fibroblasts, driving CXCR5-dependent recruitment of B cells and initiating ectopic germinal center formation. This identifies type I IFN as a novel inducer of CXCL13, which, in combination with other stimuli, can promote lung remodeling, converting a nonlymphoid tissue into one permissive to functional tertiary lymphoid structure formation.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; B-Lymphocytes/pathology ; Chemokine CXCL13/genetics ; Chemokine CXCL13/metabolism ; Female ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Fibroblasts/pathology ; Fibroblasts/virology ; Germinal Center/drug effects ; Germinal Center/metabolism ; Germinal Center/pathology ; Interferon Type I/metabolism ; Interferon-beta/pharmacology ; Lung/metabolism ; Lung/pathology ; Lung/virology ; Male ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/metabolism ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/pathology ; Receptors, CXCR5/genetics ; Receptors, CXCR5/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/pathology
Chemical Substances	CXCR5 protein, mouse ; Chemokine CXCL13 ; Cxcl13 protein, mouse ; Interferon Type I ; Receptors, CXCR5 ; Interferon-beta (77238-31-4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	218343-2
ISSN	1540-9538 ; 0022-1007
ISSN (online)	1540-9538
ISSN	0022-1007
DOI	10.1084/jem.20181216
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Ua VI Zs.107: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MG 45: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Immune Profiling of Human Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Identifies a Role for Isolated Lymphoid Follicles in Priming of Region-Specific Immunity.

Fenton, Thomas M / Jørgensen, Peter B / Niss, Kristoffer / Rubin, Samuel J S / Mörbe, Urs M / Riis, Lene B / Da Silva, Clément / Plumb, Adam / Vandamme, Julien / Jakobsen, Henrik L / Brunak, Søren / Habtezion, Aida / Nielsen, Ole H / Johansson-Lindbom, Bengt / Agace, William W

Immunity

2020 Volume 52, Issue 3, Page(s) 557–570.e6

Abstract: The intestine contains some of the most diverse and complex immune compartments in the body. Here we describe a method for isolating human gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALTs) that allows unprecedented profiling of the adaptive immune system in ... ...

Abstract	The intestine contains some of the most diverse and complex immune compartments in the body. Here we describe a method for isolating human gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALTs) that allows unprecedented profiling of the adaptive immune system in submucosal and mucosal isolated lymphoid follicles (SM-ILFs and M-ILFs, respectively) as well as in GALT-free intestinal lamina propria (LP). SM-ILF and M-ILF showed distinct patterns of distribution along the length of the intestine, were linked to the systemic circulation through MAdCAM-1
MeSH term(s)	Adaptive Immunity/genetics ; Adaptive Immunity/immunology ; Animals ; Flow Cytometry ; Gastric Mucosa/immunology ; Gastric Mucosa/metabolism ; Gastric Mucosa/ultrastructure ; Humans ; Immunity, Mucosal/genetics ; Immunity, Mucosal/immunology ; Immunoglobulin A/genetics ; Immunoglobulin A/immunology ; Immunoglobulin M/genetics ; Immunoglobulin M/immunology ; Intestinal Mucosa/immunology ; Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism ; Intestinal Mucosa/ultrastructure ; Intestines/immunology ; Intestines/ultrastructure ; Lymphocytes/immunology ; Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Lymphoid Tissue/immunology ; Lymphoid Tissue/metabolism ; Lymphoid Tissue/ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Peyer's Patches/immunology ; Peyer's Patches/metabolism ; Peyer's Patches/ultrastructure ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
Chemical Substances	Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulin M
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1217235-2
ISSN	1097-4180 ; 1074-7613
ISSN (online)	1097-4180
ISSN	1074-7613
DOI	10.1016/j.immuni.2020.02.001
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Zs.A 4227: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MG 69: Show issues

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