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  1. Article ; Online: Silence, escape and survival drive the persistence of HIV.

    Chomont, Nicolas

    Nature

    2023  Volume 614, Issue 7947, Page(s) 236–237

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Mutation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type News ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 120714-3
    ISSN 1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
    ISSN (online) 1476-4687
    ISSN 0028-0836
    DOI 10.1038/d41586-022-04492-9
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  2. Article ; Online: HIV enters deep sleep in people who naturally control the virus.

    Chomont, Nicolas

    Nature

    2020  Volume 585, Issue 7824, Page(s) 190–191

    MeSH term(s) HIV Infections ; HIV-1 ; Humans ; Sleep, Slow-Wave
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type News ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 120714-3
    ISSN 1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
    ISSN (online) 1476-4687
    ISSN 0028-0836
    DOI 10.1038/d41586-020-02438-7
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  3. Article ; Online: Measuring Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reservoirs: Do We Need to Choose Between Quantity and Quality?

    Roux, Hélène / Chomont, Nicolas

    The Journal of infectious diseases

    2023  Volume 229, Issue 3, Page(s) 635–643

    Abstract: The persistence of latent viral genomes in people receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the main obstacle to a cure for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Viral reservoirs can be defined as cells harboring HIV genomes that have the ability ...

    Abstract The persistence of latent viral genomes in people receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the main obstacle to a cure for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Viral reservoirs can be defined as cells harboring HIV genomes that have the ability to produce infectious virions. Precise quantification of the cellular reservoirs of HIV is challenging because these cells are rare, heterogeneous, and outnumbered by a larger number of cells carrying defective genomes. In addition, measuring the inducibility of these proviruses requires functional assays and remains technically difficult. The recent development of single-cell and single-viral genome approaches revealed additional layers of complexity: the cell subsets that harbor proviruses are heterogeneous and their ability to be induced is variable. A substantial fraction of intact HIV genomes may be permanently silenced after years of ART, revealing the underappreciated importance of induction assays. As such, a simple approach that would assess simultaneously the genetic intactness and the inducibility of the reservoir is still lacking. In this study, we review recent advances in the development of methods to quantify and characterize persistently infected cells, and we discuss how these findings can inform the design of future assays aimed at measuring the size of the intact and inducible HIV reservoir.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; HIV/genetics ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use ; HIV Infections ; Proviruses/genetics ; Virus Latency ; Viral Load
    Chemical Substances Anti-Retroviral Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3019-3
    ISSN 1537-6613 ; 0022-1899
    ISSN (online) 1537-6613
    ISSN 0022-1899
    DOI 10.1093/infdis/jiad381
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  4. Article ; Online: HIV persistence in subsets of CD4+ T cells: 50 shades of reservoirs.

    Fromentin, Rémi / Chomont, Nicolas

    Seminars in immunology

    2020  Volume 51, Page(s) 101438

    Abstract: Antiretroviral therapy controls HIV replication but does not eliminate the virus from the infected host. The persistence of a small pool of cells harboring integrated and replication-competent HIV genomes impedes viral eradication efforts. The HIV ... ...

    Abstract Antiretroviral therapy controls HIV replication but does not eliminate the virus from the infected host. The persistence of a small pool of cells harboring integrated and replication-competent HIV genomes impedes viral eradication efforts. The HIV reservoir was originally described as a relatively homogeneous pool of resting memory CD4+ T cells. Over the past 20 years, the identification of multiple cellular subsets of CD4+ T cells endowed with distinct biological properties shed new lights on the heterogeneity of HIV reservoirs. It is now clear that HIV persists in a large variety of CD4+ T cells, which contribute to HIV persistence through different mechanisms. In this review, we summarize recent findings indicating that specific biological features of well-characterized subsets of CD4+ T cells individually contribute to the persistence of HIV. These include an increased sensitivity to HIV infection, specific tissue locations, enhanced survival and heightened capacity to proliferate. We also discuss the relative abilities of these cellular reservoirs to contribute to viral rebound upon ART interruption. Together, these findings reveal that the HIV reservoir is not homogeneous and should be viewed as a mosaic of multiple cell types that all contribute to HIV persistence through different mechanisms.
    MeSH term(s) CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; HIV Infections ; Humans ; Virus Latency ; Virus Replication
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1018141-6
    ISSN 1096-3618 ; 1044-5323
    ISSN (online) 1096-3618
    ISSN 1044-5323
    DOI 10.1016/j.smim.2020.101438
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  5. Article ; Online: The multifaceted nature of HIV latency.

    Dufour, Caroline / Gantner, Pierre / Fromentin, Rémi / Chomont, Nicolas

    The Journal of clinical investigation

    2021  Volume 131, Issue 11

    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 3067-3
    ISSN 1558-8238 ; 0021-9738
    ISSN (online) 1558-8238
    ISSN 0021-9738
    DOI 10.1172/JCI151380
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  6. Article: Metformin Enhances Antibody-Mediated Recognition of HIV-Infected CD4

    Fert, Augustine / Richard, Jonathan / Marchand, Laurence Raymond / Planas, Delphine / Routy, Jean-Pierre / Chomont, Nicolas / Finzi, Andrés / Ancuta, Petronela

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2024  

    Abstract: The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) positively regulates multiple steps of the HIV-1 replication cycle. We previously reported that a 12-weeks supplementation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) with metformin, an indirect mTOR inhibitor used in type- ... ...

    Abstract The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) positively regulates multiple steps of the HIV-1 replication cycle. We previously reported that a 12-weeks supplementation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) with metformin, an indirect mTOR inhibitor used in type-2 diabetes treatment, reduced mTOR activation and HIV transcription in colon-infiltrating CD4
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2024.02.15.580166
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  7. Article ; Online: Is the Central Nervous System Reservoir a Hurdle for an HIV Cure?

    Mohammadzadeh, Nazanin / Chomont, Nicolas / Estaquier, Jerome / Cohen, Eric A / Power, Christopher

    Viruses

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 12

    Abstract: There is currently no cure for HIV infection although adherence to effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses replication of the virus in blood, increases ... ...

    Abstract There is currently no cure for HIV infection although adherence to effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses replication of the virus in blood, increases CD4
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; Central Nervous System ; Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Anti-Retroviral Agents/pharmacology ; Macrophages ; Virus Replication ; Viral Load ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
    Chemical Substances Anti-Retroviral Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-05
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2516098-9
    ISSN 1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
    ISSN (online) 1999-4915
    ISSN 1999-4915
    DOI 10.3390/v15122385
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  8. Article: [No title information]

    Espinosa Ortiz, Armando / Modica, Alessandro / Fromentin, Rémi / Chomont, Nicolas

    Virologie (Montrouge, France)

    2022  Volume 26, Issue 1, Page(s) 9–22

    Abstract: Résumé Les thérapies antirétrovirales (TAR) permettent de contrôler la réplication virale et ont considérablement amélioré la qualité et l'espérance de vie des personnes vivant avec le VIH (PVVIH). Toutefois, près de 40 ans après la découverte du virus, ... ...

    Title translation Mécanismes immunologiques impliqués dans la persistance des réservoirs du VIH.
    Abstract Résumé Les thérapies antirétrovirales (TAR) permettent de contrôler la réplication virale et ont considérablement amélioré la qualité et l'espérance de vie des personnes vivant avec le VIH (PVVIH). Toutefois, près de 40 ans après la découverte du virus, il n'existe toujours pas de traitement curatif permettant d'éliminer le VIH de l'organisme : Même après des années de TAR efficace, le virus persiste dans des cellules, principalement des lymphocytes T CD4 mémoires, qui constituent une source pérenne de virus infectieux et qui nécessitent de poursuivre les traitements à vie. Les recherches sur les réservoirs du VIH menées au cours des 25 dernières années ont permis de mieux comprendre comment certaines cellules infectées persistent pendant des décennies sans être éliminées, ni par les TAR, ni par les réponses immunitaires. Le VIH « se cache » dans des cellules à durée de vie très longue, qui ont la capacité de proliférer par différents mécanismes et qui expriment préférentiellement certains récepteurs leur permettant de demeurer invisibles au système immunitaire. Une meilleure compréhension de ces mécanismes de persistance est un prérequis nécessaire à la mise au point de stratégies thérapeutiques visant à éradiquer le VIH.
    MeSH term(s) HIV Infections ; Humans
    Language French
    Publishing date 2022-07-13
    Publishing country France
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2118387-9
    ISSN 1950-6961 ; 1267-8694
    ISSN (online) 1950-6961
    ISSN 1267-8694
    DOI 10.1684/vir.2022.0929
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  9. Article: Immunological mechanisms involved in the persistence of HIV reservoirs.

    Espinosa Ortiz, Armando / Modica, Alessandro / Fromentin, Rémi / Chomont, Nicolas

    Virologie (Montrouge, France)

    2022  Volume 26, Issue 1, Page(s) 4–16

    Abstract: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) controls viral replication and has dramatically improved the quality and life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLHIV). However, almost 40 years after the discovery of HIV, there is still no cure; even after years of ... ...

    Title translation Immunological mechanisms involved in the persistence of HIV reservoirs.
    Abstract Antiretroviral therapy (ART) controls viral replication and has dramatically improved the quality and life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLHIV). However, almost 40 years after the discovery of HIV, there is still no cure; even after years of effective ART, the virus persists in cells, primarily memory CD4 T cells. These cells are a perennial source of infectious viruses, which necessitate that people living with HIV continue ART for life. Research on HIV reservoirs over the past 25 years has provided insight into how some infected cells persist for decades without being cleared by ART nor by immune responses. HIV "hides" in cells with extended lifespans, which have the capacity to proliferate through diverse mechanisms and which preferentially express several receptors that allow them to remain invisible to the immune system. A better understanding of these mechanisms of persistence is a necessary prerequisite for the development of therapeutic strategies aimed at eradicating HIV.
    MeSH term(s) HIV Infections ; Humans ; Virus Latency ; Virus Replication
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-13
    Publishing country France
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2118387-9
    ISSN 1950-6961 ; 1267-8694
    ISSN (online) 1950-6961
    ISSN 1267-8694
    DOI 10.1684/vir.2022.0930
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  10. Article ; Online: The Biology of the HIV-1 Latent Reservoir and Implications for Cure Strategies.

    Cohn, Lillian B / Chomont, Nicolas / Deeks, Steven G

    Cell host & microbe

    2020  Volume 27, Issue 4, Page(s) 519–530

    Abstract: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) inhibits HIV replication but is not curative. During ART, the integrated HIV genome persists indefinitely within ... ...

    Abstract Antiretroviral therapy (ART) inhibits HIV replication but is not curative. During ART, the integrated HIV genome persists indefinitely within CD4
    MeSH term(s) Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy ; Age Factors ; Animals ; Anti-Retroviral Agents/pharmacology ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/trends ; B-Lymphocytes/virology ; Biomarkers ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology ; Coinfection ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/virology ; HIV-1/drug effects ; HIV-1/growth & development ; HIV-1/metabolism ; Host Microbial Interactions ; Humans ; Sex Factors ; Viral Load ; Virus Latency/drug effects ; Virus Latency/physiology ; Virus Replication
    Chemical Substances Anti-Retroviral Agents ; Biomarkers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2278004-X
    ISSN 1934-6069 ; 1931-3128
    ISSN (online) 1934-6069
    ISSN 1931-3128
    DOI 10.1016/j.chom.2020.03.014
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