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  1. Article ; Online: L’évolution à petite échelle.

    Gibert, Jean-Michel

    Biologie aujourd'hui

    2022  Volume 216, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 41–47

    Abstract: Small-scale evolution or microevolution concerns evolution at the intra-specific level or between closely related species. At the intra-specific level, it allows the analysis of the evolutionary forces at work: mutation, genetic drift, migration and ... ...

    Title translation Small scale evolution.
    Abstract Small-scale evolution or microevolution concerns evolution at the intra-specific level or between closely related species. At the intra-specific level, it allows the analysis of the evolutionary forces at work: mutation, genetic drift, migration and selection. Moreover, because of the short evolutionary time, it is easier to identify the genetic basis of observed phenotypic differences. Most studies focus on current populations but more and more analyses are performed on ancient DNA. This provides important information for tracing the history of populations and also allows the reconstruction of phenotypes of individuals that disappeared several thousand years ago. In this short review, I present studies showing how pre-zygotic or post-zygotic barriers involved in species formation are set up using the example of the geographical barrier due to the formation of the Isthmus of Panama and that of the heterochromatin divergence in Drosophilidae. I also describe the different approaches that have been used to identify the genetic basis of well known phenotypic variations: candidate gene approach (about melanism in felines), QTL mapping (variation in the number of lateral bone plates in sticklebacks), association study (pigmentation in the Asian ladybird). Finally, I illustrate the key impact of natural selection with the iconic example of the evolution of the beak of Galapagos finches, and the role of certain developmental genes in its morphological diversification.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Beak/anatomy & histology ; Biological Evolution ; Cats ; Evolution, Molecular ; Finches/anatomy & histology ; Finches/genetics ; Genetic Variation ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Selection, Genetic
    Language French
    Publishing date 2022-07-25
    Publishing country France
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2105-0686
    ISSN (online) 2105-0686
    DOI 10.1051/jbio/2022008
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: The H3K79me3 methyl-transferase Grappa is involved in the establishment and thermal plasticity of abdominal pigmentation in Drosophila melanogaster females.

    Narbey, Raphaël / Mouchel-Vielh, Emmanuèle / Gibert, Jean-Michel

    Scientific reports

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 9547

    Abstract: Temperature sensitivity of abdominal pigmentation in Drosophila melanogaster females allows to investigate the mechanisms underlying phenotypic plasticity. Thermal plasticity of pigmentation is due to modulation of tan and yellow expression, encoding ... ...

    Abstract Temperature sensitivity of abdominal pigmentation in Drosophila melanogaster females allows to investigate the mechanisms underlying phenotypic plasticity. Thermal plasticity of pigmentation is due to modulation of tan and yellow expression, encoding pigmentation enzymes. Furthermore, modulation of tan expression by temperature is correlated to the variation of the active histone mark H3K4me3 on its promoter. Here, we test the role of the DotCom complex, which methylates H3K79, another active mark, in establishment and plasticity of pigmentation. We show that several components of the DotCom complex are involved in the establishment of abdominal pigmentation. In particular, Grappa, the catalytic unit of this complex, plays opposite roles on pigmentation at distinct developmental stages. Indeed, its down-regulation from larval L2 to L3 stages increases female adult pigmentation, whereas its down-regulation during the second half of the pupal stage decreases adult pigmentation. These opposite effects are correlated to the regulation of distinct pigmentation genes by Grappa: yellow repression for the early role and tan activation for the late one. Lastly, reaction norms measuring pigmentation along temperature in mutants for subunits of the DotCom complex reveal that this complex is not only involved in the establishment of female abdominal pigmentation but also in its plasticity.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; Drosophila melanogaster/growth & development ; Female ; Pigmentation/genetics ; Drosophila Proteins/metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics ; Histones/metabolism ; Temperature ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Abdomen
    Chemical Substances Drosophila Proteins ; Histones
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-024-60184-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: La plasticité phénotypique : une brève introduction.

    Gibert, Jean-Michel

    Biologie aujourd'hui

    2020  Volume 214, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 25–31

    Abstract: Phenotypic plasticity describes the ability of a given genotype to produce different phenotypes in response to distinct environmental conditions. It has major implications in agronomy, animal husbandry and medicine and is also thought to facilitate ... ...

    Title translation Phenotypic plasticity: a brief introduction.
    Abstract Phenotypic plasticity describes the ability of a given genotype to produce different phenotypes in response to distinct environmental conditions. It has major implications in agronomy, animal husbandry and medicine and is also thought to facilitate evolution. Phenotypic plasticity is widely observed in the wild. It is only relatively recently that the mechanisms involved in phenotypic plasticity have been analysed. Thanks to laboratory experiments we understand better how environmental conditions are involved in phenotypic variations. This article introduces major concepts from the phenotypic plasticity field, presents briefly mechanisms involved in phenotypic plasticity and discusses the links between phenotypic plasticity and evolution.
    MeSH term(s) Adaptation, Physiological/physiology ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Gene-Environment Interaction ; Genetic Variation/physiology ; Humans ; Phenotype ; Temperature
    Language French
    Publishing date 2020-08-10
    Publishing country France
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2105-0686
    ISSN (online) 2105-0686
    DOI 10.1051/jbio/2020004
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: La plasticité phénotypique chez les insectes.

    Gibert, Jean-Michel

    Biologie aujourd'hui

    2020  Volume 214, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 33–44

    Abstract: Insects represent 85% of the animals. They have adapted to many environments and play a major role in ecosystems. Many insect species exhibit phenotypic plasticity. We here report on the mechanisms involved in phenotypic plasticity of different insects ( ... ...

    Title translation Phenotypic plasticity in insects.
    Abstract Insects represent 85% of the animals. They have adapted to many environments and play a major role in ecosystems. Many insect species exhibit phenotypic plasticity. We here report on the mechanisms involved in phenotypic plasticity of different insects (aphids, migratory locust, map butterfly, honeybee) and also on the nutritional size plasticity in Drosophila and the plasticity of the wing eye-spots of the butterfly Bicyclus anynana. We also describe in more detail our work concerning the thermal plasticity of pigmentation in Drosophila. We have shown that the expression of the tan, yellow and Ddc genes, encoding enzymes of the melanin synthesis pathway, is modulated by temperature and that it is a consequence, at least in part, of the temperature-sensitive expression of the bab locus genes that repress them.
    MeSH term(s) Adaptation, Physiological/physiology ; Animals ; Aphids/physiology ; Bees/physiology ; Butterflies/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/physiology ; Ecosystem ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene-Environment Interaction ; Grasshoppers/physiology ; Insecta/physiology ; Melanins/biosynthesis ; Melanins/genetics ; Phenotype ; Pigmentation/genetics ; Pigmentation/physiology ; Temperature
    Chemical Substances Melanins
    Language French
    Publishing date 2020-08-10
    Publishing country France
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2105-0686
    ISSN (online) 2105-0686
    DOI 10.1051/jbio/2020005
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: The Paramount Role of

    Gibert, Jean-Michel / Peronnet, Frédérique

    Insects

    2021  Volume 12, Issue 10

    Abstract: Drosophila ... ...

    Abstract Drosophila melanogaster
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-29
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2075-4450
    ISSN 2075-4450
    DOI 10.3390/insects12100884
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: The Paramount Role of Drosophila melanogaster in the Study of Epigenetics

    Jean-Michel Gibert / Frédérique Peronnet

    Insects, Vol 12, Iss 884, p

    From Simple Phenotypes to Molecular Dissection and Higher-Order Genome Organization

    2021  Volume 884

    Abstract: Drosophila melanogaster has played a paramount role in epigenetics, the study of changes in gene function inherited through mitosis or meiosis that are not due to changes in the DNA sequence. By analyzing simple phenotypes, such as the bristle position ... ...

    Abstract Drosophila melanogaster has played a paramount role in epigenetics, the study of changes in gene function inherited through mitosis or meiosis that are not due to changes in the DNA sequence. By analyzing simple phenotypes, such as the bristle position or cuticle pigmentation, as read-outs of regulatory processes, the identification of mutated genes led to the discovery of major chromatin regulators. These are often conserved in distantly related organisms such as vertebrates or even plants. Many of them deposit, recognize, or erase post-translational modifications on histones (histone marks). Others are members of chromatin remodeling complexes that move, eject, or exchange nucleosomes. We review the role of D . melanogaster research in three epigenetic fields: Heterochromatin formation and maintenance, the repression of transposable elements by piRNAs, and the regulation of gene expression by the antagonistic Polycomb and Trithorax complexes. We then describe how genetic tools available in D. melanogaster allowed to examine the role of histone marks and show that some histone marks are dispensable for gene regulation, whereas others play essential roles. Next, we describe how D. melanogaster has been particularly important in defining chromatin types, higher-order chromatin structures, and their dynamic changes during development. Lastly, we discuss the role of epigenetics in a changing environment.
    Keywords Drosophila ; epigenetics ; chromatin ; heterochromatin ; piRNAs ; polycomb ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article: The Paramount Role of Drosophila melanogaster in the Study of Epigenetics: From Simple Phenotypes to Molecular Dissection and Higher-Order Genome Organization

    Gibert, Jean-Michel / Peronnet, Frédérique

    Insects. 2021 Sept. 29, v. 12, no. 10

    2021  

    Abstract: Drosophila melanogaster has played a paramount role in epigenetics, the study of changes in gene function inherited through mitosis or meiosis that are not due to changes in the DNA sequence. By analyzing simple phenotypes, such as the bristle position ... ...

    Abstract Drosophila melanogaster has played a paramount role in epigenetics, the study of changes in gene function inherited through mitosis or meiosis that are not due to changes in the DNA sequence. By analyzing simple phenotypes, such as the bristle position or cuticle pigmentation, as read-outs of regulatory processes, the identification of mutated genes led to the discovery of major chromatin regulators. These are often conserved in distantly related organisms such as vertebrates or even plants. Many of them deposit, recognize, or erase post-translational modifications on histones (histone marks). Others are members of chromatin remodeling complexes that move, eject, or exchange nucleosomes. We review the role of D. melanogaster research in three epigenetic fields: Heterochromatin formation and maintenance, the repression of transposable elements by piRNAs, and the regulation of gene expression by the antagonistic Polycomb and Trithorax complexes. We then describe how genetic tools available in D. melanogaster allowed to examine the role of histone marks and show that some histone marks are dispensable for gene regulation, whereas others play essential roles. Next, we describe how D. melanogaster has been particularly important in defining chromatin types, higher-order chromatin structures, and their dynamic changes during development. Lastly, we discuss the role of epigenetics in a changing environment.
    Keywords Drosophila melanogaster ; dissection ; epigenetics ; gene expression regulation ; genes ; heterochromatin ; histones ; meiosis ; mitosis ; nucleosomes ; pigmentation
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0929
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2662247-6
    ISSN 2075-4450
    ISSN 2075-4450
    DOI 10.3390/insects12100884
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article ; Online: The flexible stem hypothesis: evidence from genetic data.

    Gibert, Jean-Michel

    Development genes and evolution

    2017  Volume 227, Issue 5, Page(s) 297–307

    Abstract: Phenotypic plasticity, the ability of a given genotype to produce different phenotypes in response to distinct environmental conditions, is widely observed in the wild. It is believed to facilitate evolution and, under the "flexible stem hypothesis", it ... ...

    Abstract Phenotypic plasticity, the ability of a given genotype to produce different phenotypes in response to distinct environmental conditions, is widely observed in the wild. It is believed to facilitate evolution and, under the "flexible stem hypothesis", it is thought that an ancestral plastic species can be at the origin of sister lineages with divergent phenotypes fixed by genetic assimilation of alternative morphs. We review here the genetic mechanisms underlying such phenomenon. We show several examples in which the same gene shows transcriptional plasticity in response to environmental factors and divergence of expression within or between species. Thus, the same gene is involved both in the plasticity of a trait and in the evolution of that trait. In a few cases, it can be traced down to cis-regulatory variation in this gene and, in one case, in the very same regulatory sequence whose activity is modulated by the environment. These data are compatible with the "flexible stem hypothesis" and also suggest that the evolution of the plasticity of a trait and the evolution of the trait are not completely uncoupled as they often involve the same locus. Furthermore, the "flexible stem hypothesis" implies that it is possible to canalize initially plastic phenotypes. Several studies have shown that it was possible through modification of chromatin regulation or hormonal signalling/response. Further studies of phenotypic plasticity in an evolutionary framework are needed to see how much the findings described in this review can be generalized.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-09
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1327962-2
    ISSN 1432-041X ; 0949-944X
    ISSN (online) 1432-041X
    ISSN 0949-944X
    DOI 10.1007/s00427-017-0589-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Ub I Zs.58: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  9. Article ; Online: Publisher Correction: Drosophilids with darker cuticle have higher body temperature under light.

    Freoa, Laurent / Chevin, Luis-Miguel / Christol, Philippe / Méléard, Sylvie / Rera, Michael / Véber, Amandine / Gibert, Jean-Michel

    Scientific reports

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 4645

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-023-31605-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: The flexible stem hypothesis: evidence from genetic data

    Gibert, Jean-Michel

    Development genes and evolution. 2017 Sept., v. 227, no. 5

    2017  

    Abstract: Phenotypic plasticity, the ability of a given genotype to produce different phenotypes in response to distinct environmental conditions, is widely observed in the wild. It is believed to facilitate evolution and, under the “flexible stem hypothesis”, ...

    Abstract Phenotypic plasticity, the ability of a given genotype to produce different phenotypes in response to distinct environmental conditions, is widely observed in the wild. It is believed to facilitate evolution and, under the “flexible stem hypothesis”, it is thought that an ancestral plastic species can be at the origin of sister lineages with divergent phenotypes fixed by genetic assimilation of alternative morphs. We review here the genetic mechanisms underlying such phenomenon. We show several examples in which the same gene shows transcriptional plasticity in response to environmental factors and divergence of expression within or between species. Thus, the same gene is involved both in the plasticity of a trait and in the evolution of that trait. In a few cases, it can be traced down to cis-regulatory variation in this gene and, in one case, in the very same regulatory sequence whose activity is modulated by the environment. These data are compatible with the “flexible stem hypothesis” and also suggest that the evolution of the plasticity of a trait and the evolution of the trait are not completely uncoupled as they often involve the same locus. Furthermore, the “flexible stem hypothesis” implies that it is possible to canalize initially plastic phenotypes. Several studies have shown that it was possible through modification of chromatin regulation or hormonal signalling/response. Further studies of phenotypic plasticity in an evolutionary framework are needed to see how much the findings described in this review can be generalized.
    Keywords chromatin ; environmental factors ; evolution ; genes ; genotype ; loci ; morphs ; phenotype ; phenotypic plasticity ; transcription (genetics)
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2017-09
    Size p. 297-307.
    Publishing place Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Document type Article
    Note Review
    ZDB-ID 1327962-2
    ISSN 1432-041X ; 0949-944X
    ISSN (online) 1432-041X
    ISSN 0949-944X
    DOI 10.1007/s00427-017-0589-0
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

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