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  1. Article: Genetic Therapy Approaches for Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency.

    Seker Yilmaz, Berna / Gissen, Paul

    Biomedicines

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 8

    Abstract: Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD) is the most common urea cycle disorder with high unmet needs, as current dietary and medical treatments may not be sufficient to prevent hyperammonemic episodes, which can cause death or neurological sequelae. ...

    Abstract Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD) is the most common urea cycle disorder with high unmet needs, as current dietary and medical treatments may not be sufficient to prevent hyperammonemic episodes, which can cause death or neurological sequelae. To date, liver transplantation is the only curative choice but is not widely available due to donor shortage, the need for life-long immunosuppression and technical challenges. A field of research that has shown a great deal of promise recently is gene therapy, and OTCD has been an essential candidate for different gene therapy modalities, including AAV gene addition, mRNA therapy and genome editing. This review will first summarise the main steps towards clinical translation, highlighting the benefits and challenges of each gene therapy approach, then focus on current clinical trials and finally outline future directions for the development of gene therapy for OTCD.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-08
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2720867-9
    ISSN 2227-9059
    ISSN 2227-9059
    DOI 10.3390/biomedicines11082227
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Targeting the liver to treat the eye.

    Seker Yilmaz, Berna / Gissen, Paul

    EMBO molecular medicine

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 4, Page(s) e17285

    Abstract: Over the last two decades, gene therapy has given hope of potential cure for many rare diseases. In the simplest form, gene therapy is the transfer or editing of a genetic material to cure a disease via nonviral or viral vehicles. Gene therapy can be ... ...

    Abstract Over the last two decades, gene therapy has given hope of potential cure for many rare diseases. In the simplest form, gene therapy is the transfer or editing of a genetic material to cure a disease via nonviral or viral vehicles. Gene therapy can be performed either in vivo by injecting a vector carrying the gene or tools for gene editing directly into a tissue or into the systemic circulation, or ex vivo when patient cells are genetically modified outside of the body and then introduced back into the patient (Yilmaz et al, 2022). Adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV) have been the vectors of choice for in vivo gene therapy. There has been a lot of promising research on the development of novel tissue and cell-specific serotypes in order to improve efficacy and safety for clinical applications (Kuzmin et al, 2021). In this issue of EMBO Molecular Medicine, Boffa and colleagues present a novel AAV-based liver-directed gene therapy for ornithine aminotransferase deficiency.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Genetic Vectors ; Liver ; Genetic Therapy ; Dependovirus/genetics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2467145-9
    ISSN 1757-4684 ; 1757-4676
    ISSN (online) 1757-4684
    ISSN 1757-4676
    DOI 10.15252/emmm.202217285
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Atidarsagene autotemcel for metachromatic leukodystrophy.

    Messina, Martina / Gissen, Paul

    Drugs of today (Barcelona, Spain : 1998)

    2023  Volume 59, Issue 2, Page(s) 63–70

    Abstract: Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of sphingolipid metabolism, due to a deficiency of the enzyme arylsulfatase A (ARSA). The main clinical signs of the disease are secondary to central and peripheral nervous system ... ...

    Abstract Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of sphingolipid metabolism, due to a deficiency of the enzyme arylsulfatase A (ARSA). The main clinical signs of the disease are secondary to central and peripheral nervous system demyelination. MLD is subdivided into early- and late-onset subtypes based upon the onset of neurological disease. The early-onset subtype is associated with a more rapid progression of the disease that leads to death within the first decade of life. Until recently, no effective treatment was available for MLD. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents systemically administered enzyme replacement therapy from reaching target cells in MLD. The evidence for the efficacy of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is limited to the late-onset MLD subtype. Here, we review the preclinical and clinical studies that facilitated the approval of the ex vivo gene therapy atidarsagene autotemcel for early-onset MLD by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in December 2020. This approach was studied in an animal model first and then in a clinical trial, eventually proving its efficacy in preventing disease manifestations in presymptomatic patients and stabilizing its progression in paucisymptomatic subjects. This new therapeutic consists of patients' CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) transduced with a lentiviral vector encoding functional ARSA cDNA. The gene-corrected cells get reinfused into the patients after a cycle of chemotherapy conditioning.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Leukodystrophy, Metachromatic/genetics ; Leukodystrophy, Metachromatic/therapy ; Cerebroside-Sulfatase/genetics ; Cerebroside-Sulfatase/metabolism ; Genetic Therapy ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Cerebroside-Sulfatase (EC 3.1.6.8)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-22
    Publishing country Spain
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ISSN 1699-3993
    ISSN 1699-3993
    DOI 10.1358/dot.2023.59.2.3461911
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Liver-directed gene therapy for inherited metabolic diseases.

    Baruteau, Julien / Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola / Gissen, Paul

    Journal of inherited metabolic disease

    2024  Volume 47, Issue 1, Page(s) 9–21

    Abstract: Gene therapy clinical trials are rapidly expanding for inherited metabolic liver diseases whilst two gene therapy products have now been approved for liver based monogenic disorders. Liver-directed gene therapy has recently become an option for treatment ...

    Abstract Gene therapy clinical trials are rapidly expanding for inherited metabolic liver diseases whilst two gene therapy products have now been approved for liver based monogenic disorders. Liver-directed gene therapy has recently become an option for treatment of haemophilias and is likely to become one of the favoured therapeutic strategies for inherited metabolic liver diseases in the near future. In this review, we present the different gene therapy vectors and strategies for liver-targeting, including gene editing. We highlight the current development of viral and nonviral gene therapy for a number of inherited metabolic liver diseases including urea cycle defects, organic acidaemias, Crigler-Najjar disease, Wilson disease, glycogen storage disease Type Ia, phenylketonuria and maple syrup urine disease. We describe the main limitations and open questions for further gene therapy development: immunogenicity, inflammatory response, genotoxicity, gene therapy administration in a fibrotic liver. The follow-up of a constantly growing number of gene therapy treated patients allows better understanding of its benefits and limitations and provides strategies to design safer and more efficacious treatments. Undoubtedly, liver-targeting gene therapy offers a promising avenue for innovative therapies with an unprecedented potential to address the unmet needs of patients suffering from inherited metabolic diseases.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Liver Diseases/genetics ; Liver Diseases/therapy ; Liver Diseases/metabolism ; Genetic Therapy ; Metabolic Diseases/genetics ; Metabolic Diseases/therapy ; Metabolic Diseases/metabolism ; Hemophilia A/genetics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 438341-2
    ISSN 1573-2665 ; 0141-8955
    ISSN (online) 1573-2665
    ISSN 0141-8955
    DOI 10.1002/jimd.12709
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: A retrograde approach for liver gene transfer.

    Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola / Gissen, Paul

    Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development

    2022  Volume 27, Page(s) 488–490

    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type News
    ZDB-ID 2872938-9
    ISSN 2329-0501 ; 2329-0501
    ISSN (online) 2329-0501
    ISSN 2329-0501
    DOI 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.11.002
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Targeting the liver to treat the eye

    Berna Seker Yilmaz / Paul Gissen

    EMBO Molecular Medicine, Vol 15, Iss 4, Pp n/a-n/a (2023)

    2023  

    Abstract: Over the last two decades, gene therapy has given hope of potential cure for many rare diseases. In the simplest form, gene therapy is the transfer or editing of a genetic material to cure a disease via nonviral or viral vehicles. Gene therapy can be ... ...

    Abstract Over the last two decades, gene therapy has given hope of potential cure for many rare diseases. In the simplest form, gene therapy is the transfer or editing of a genetic material to cure a disease via nonviral or viral vehicles. Gene therapy can be performed either in vivo by injecting a vector carrying the gene or tools for gene editing directly into a tissue or into the systemic circulation, or ex vivo when patient cells are genetically modified outside of the body and then introduced back into the patient (Yilmaz et al, 2022). Adeno‐associated viral vectors (AAV) have been the vectors of choice for in vivo gene therapy. There has been a lot of promising research on the development of novel tissue and cell‐specific serotypes in order to improve efficacy and safety for clinical applications (Kuzmin et al, 2021). In this issue of EMBO Molecular Medicine, Boffa and colleagues present a novel AAV‐based liver‐directed gene therapy for ornithine aminotransferase deficiency.
    Keywords Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Genetics ; QH426-470
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Wiley
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Features of Congenital Arthrogryposis Due to Abnormalities in Collagen Homeostasis, a Scoping Review.

    Picker, Sarah MacKenzie / Parker, George / Gissen, Paul

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2023  Volume 24, Issue 17

    Abstract: Congenital arthrogryposis (CA) refers to the presence of multiple contractures at birth. It is a feature of several inherited syndromes, notable amongst them are disorders of collagen formation. This review aims to characterize disorders that directly or ...

    Abstract Congenital arthrogryposis (CA) refers to the presence of multiple contractures at birth. It is a feature of several inherited syndromes, notable amongst them are disorders of collagen formation. This review aims to characterize disorders that directly or indirectly impact collagen structure and function leading to CA in search for common phenotypic or pathophysiological features, possible genotype-phenotype correlation, and potential novel treatment approaches based on a better understanding of the underlying pathomechanism. Nine genes, corresponding to five clinical phenotypes, were identified after a literature search. The most notable trend was the extreme phenotype variability. Clinical features across all syndromes ranged from subtle with minimal congenital contractures, to severe with multiple congenital contractures and extra-articular features including skin, respiratory, or other manifestations. Five of the identified genes were involved in the function of the Lysyl Hydroxylase 2 or 3 enzymes, which enable the hydroxylation and/or glycosylation of lysyl residues to allow the formation of the collagen superstructure. Whilst current treatment approaches are post-natal surgical correction, there are also potential in-utero therapies being developed. Cyclosporin A showed promise in treating collagen VI disorders although there is an associated risk of immunosuppression. The treatments that could be in the clinical trials soon are the splice correction therapies in collagen VI-related disorders.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Arthrogryposis/genetics ; Syndrome ; Homeostasis ; Collagen/genetics ; Contracture
    Chemical Substances Collagen (9007-34-5)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-31
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms241713545
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Rab35 controls formation of luminal projections required for bile canalicular morphogenesis.

    Cozmescu, Claudiu Andrei / Gissen, Paul

    The Journal of cell biology

    2021  Volume 220, Issue 10

    Abstract: Hepatocytes display a unique biaxial polarity with shared apical luminal connections between adjacent hepatocytes that merge into a network of bile canaliculi. Belicova et al. (2021. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202103003) discovered that ... ...

    Abstract Hepatocytes display a unique biaxial polarity with shared apical luminal connections between adjacent hepatocytes that merge into a network of bile canaliculi. Belicova et al. (2021. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202103003) discovered that hepatocyte apical membranes generate Rab35-dependent extensions that traverse the lumen and are essential for bile canalicular formation and maintenance.
    MeSH term(s) Bile ; Bile Canaliculi ; Cell Polarity ; Hepatocytes ; Morphogenesis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 218154-x
    ISSN 1540-8140 ; 0021-9525
    ISSN (online) 1540-8140
    ISSN 0021-9525
    DOI 10.1083/jcb.202108047
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Gene therapy for global brain diseases: one small step for mice, one giant leap for humans.

    Rahim, Ahad A / Gissen, Paul

    Brain : a journal of neurology

    2020  Volume 143, Issue 7, Page(s) 1964–1966

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Brain ; Brain Diseases/genetics ; Brain Diseases/therapy ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Mice ; alpha-Mannosidosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 80072-7
    ISSN 1460-2156 ; 0006-8950
    ISSN (online) 1460-2156
    ISSN 0006-8950
    DOI 10.1093/brain/awaa189
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (UCLi024-A) from a patient with argininosuccinate lyase deficiency carrying a homozygous c.437G > A (p.Arg146Gln) mutation.

    Duff, Claire / Islam, Madeha / Gagliano, Onelia / Pramod, Hema / Rashidi, Hassan / Kurian, Manju A / Gissen, Paul / Baruteau, Julien

    Stem cell research

    2024  Volume 76, Page(s) 103365

    Abstract: Argininosuccinic aciduria (ASA) is a rare inherited metabolic disease caused by argininosuccinate lyase (ASL) deficiency. Patients with ASA present with hyperammonaemia due to an impaired urea cycle pathway in the liver, and systemic disease with ... ...

    Abstract Argininosuccinic aciduria (ASA) is a rare inherited metabolic disease caused by argininosuccinate lyase (ASL) deficiency. Patients with ASA present with hyperammonaemia due to an impaired urea cycle pathway in the liver, and systemic disease with epileptic encephalopathy, chronic liver disease, and arterial hypertension. A human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line from the fibroblasts of a patient with ASA with homozygous pathogenic c.437G > A mutation of hASL was generated. Characterization of the cell line demonstrated pluripotency, differentiation potential and normal karyotype. This cell line, called UCLi024-A, can be utilized for in vitro disease modelling of ASA, and design of novel therapeutics.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Argininosuccinic Aciduria/genetics ; Argininosuccinic Aciduria/metabolism ; Argininosuccinic Aciduria/therapy ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism ; Argininosuccinate Lyase/genetics ; Mutation/genetics ; Homozygote
    Chemical Substances Argininosuccinate Lyase (EC 4.3.2.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2393143-7
    ISSN 1876-7753 ; 1873-5061
    ISSN (online) 1876-7753
    ISSN 1873-5061
    DOI 10.1016/j.scr.2024.103365
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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