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Article ; Online: The Structure, Function, and Pathobiology of the Influenza A and B Virus Ion Channels.

Lamb, Robert A

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine

2020 Volume 10, Issue 11

Abstract: Influenza A virus AM2 protein is an integral membrane protein that is an ion channel (also known as a viroporin). The channel has 24 extracellular residues, 19 residues that span the membrane once and acts as both the channel pore and also the membrane ... ...

Abstract	Influenza A virus AM2 protein is an integral membrane protein that is an ion channel (also known as a viroporin). The channel has 24 extracellular residues, 19 residues that span the membrane once and acts as both the channel pore and also the membrane anchoring domain, and a 54-residue cytoplasmic tail. The M2 protein has four identical chains linked via two disulfide bonds that form a four-helix bundle that is 10
MeSH term(s)	Amantadine/pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Humans ; Influenza A virus/drug effects ; Influenza A virus/metabolism ; Influenza B virus/drug effects ; Influenza B virus/metabolism ; Ion Channels/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents ; Ion Channels ; Amantadine (BF4C9Z1J53)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2157-1422
ISSN (online)	2157-1422
DOI	10.1101/cshperspect.a038505
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Article: Viability of the rectus femoris muscle flap for groin wound coverage after ligation of proximal inflow.

Julian, Olivia / Wilcox, Kailyn / Sharma, Davek / Lamb, Kathleen / Luo, Robert / Zheng, Hong / Sooppan, Renganaden / Behnam, Amir

Journal of surgical case reports

2024 Volume 2024, Issue 1, Page(s) rjad306

Abstract: Lower extremity revascularization via groin incisions can be complicated by wound dehiscence associated with infection, seroma and femoral vessel exposure. This may require additional surgical debridement and coverage of vascular structures and grafts. ... ...

Abstract	Lower extremity revascularization via groin incisions can be complicated by wound dehiscence associated with infection, seroma and femoral vessel exposure. This may require additional surgical debridement and coverage of vascular structures and grafts. The pedicled rectus femoris muscle flap (RFF) has both bulk and a large arc of rotation, making it useful for reconstruction. Its main pedicle is the descending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery (DLFCA), a branch of the profunda femoris artery. One could anticipate that ligation of more proximal vasculature could lead to ischemia of the RFF. We present two patients who each underwent vascular surgery involving the common femoral artery and subsequent reconstruction utilizing a pedicled RFF. Both patients then required additional vascular procedures involving the ligation of inflow vessels proximal to the DLFCA. The flaps remained viable, demonstrating the rich collateralization of blood supply that occurs in vascular disease patients.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2580919-2
ISSN	2042-8812
ISSN	2042-8812
DOI	10.1093/jscr/rjad306
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Article ; Online: Expanding access to healthcare for people who use drugs and sex workers: hepatitis C elimination implications from a qualitative study of healthcare experiences in British Columbia, Canada.

Cunningham, Nance E / Lamb, Jessica / Staller, Amanda / Krajden, Mel / Hogg, Robert S / Towle, Angela / Lima, Viviane Dias / Salters, Kate

Harm reduction journal

2024 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 75

Abstract: Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major health threat in Canada. In British Columbia (BC) province, 1.6% of the population had been exposed to HCV by 2012. Prevalence and incidence of HCV are very high in populations of people who use drugs (PWUD) ...

Abstract	Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major health threat in Canada. In British Columbia (BC) province, 1.6% of the population had been exposed to HCV by 2012. Prevalence and incidence of HCV are very high in populations of people who use drugs (PWUD) and sex workers (SW), who may experience unique barriers to healthcare. Consequently, they are less likely to be treated for HCV. Overcoming these barriers is critical for HCV elimination. This research sought to explore the healthcare experiences of PWUD and SW and how these experiences impact their willingness to engage in healthcare in the future, including HCV care. Methods: Interpretive Description guided this qualitative study of healthcare experiences in BC, underpinned by the Health Stigma and Discrimination framework. The study team included people with living/lived experience of drug use, sex work, and HCV. Twenty-five participants completed in-depth semi-structured interviews on their previous healthcare and HCV-related experiences. Thematic analysis was used to identify common themes. Results: Three major themes were identified in our analysis. First, participants reported common experiences of delay and refusal of care by healthcare providers, with many negative healthcare encounters perceived as rooted in institutional culture reflecting societal stigma. Second, participants discussed their choice to engage in or avoid healthcare. Many avoided all but emergency care following negative experiences in any kind of healthcare. Third, participants described the roles of respect, stigma, dignity, fear, and trust in communication in healthcare relationships. Conclusions: Healthcare experiences shared by participants pointed to ways that better understanding and communication by healthcare providers could support positive change in healthcare encounters of PWUD and SW, who are at high risk of HCV infection. More positive healthcare encounters could lead to increased healthcare engagement which is essential for HCV elimination.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Hepacivirus ; British Columbia/epidemiology ; Sex Workers ; Hepatitis C/therapy ; Delivery of Health Care
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2146691-9
ISSN	1477-7517 ; 1477-7517
ISSN (online)	1477-7517
ISSN	1477-7517
DOI	10.1186/s12954-024-00991-2
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Article ; Online: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Studies Comparing the Rate of Post-operative Periprosthetic Fracture Following Hip Arthroplasty With a Polished Taper Slip versus Composite Beam Stem.

Mabrouk, Ahmed / Feathers, Jacob R / Mahmood, Ansar / West, Robert / Pandit, Hemant / Lamb, Jonathan N

The Journal of arthroplasty

2023 Volume 39, Issue 1, Page(s) 269–275

Abstract: Background: We compared the incidence of postoperative periprosthetic femoral fractures (POPFF) following hip arthroplasty with either a cemented polished taper slip (PTS) stem or a cemented composite beam (CB) stem in comparative studies.: Methods: ... ...

Abstract	Background: We compared the incidence of postoperative periprosthetic femoral fractures (POPFF) following hip arthroplasty with either a cemented polished taper slip (PTS) stem or a cemented composite beam (CB) stem in comparative studies. Methods: A systematic review of comparative studies, written in English and published in peer-reviewed journals since the year 2000, was conducted. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.The overall study qualities were good. There were 913,021 patients from 18 cohorts included in the meta-analysis. There were 294,540 patients who received a CB stem and 618,481 received a PTS stem. Cohorts were classified as high- or low-risk for POPFF based on patient risk factors. A metanalysis was performed using a random effects model, and the relative incidence with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was reported. Results: The patients at low risk of POPFF had an incidence rate ratio of 3.14 (CI: 2.48, 3.98) for the PTS group versus the CB group. Whereas, the patients at high risk of POPFF had an incidence rate ratio of 9.87 (CI: 3.63, 26.80) for the PTS group versus the CB group. Conclusions: The risk of POPFF is lower when hip arthroplasty was performed using a CB stem versus a PTS stem. This protective effect was greatest in patients who had a higher risk of POPFF. Surgeons should consider the effect of cemented stem choice on the risk of subsequent periprosthetic femur fracture, particularly in frail or elderly patients who are at a higher risk of postoperative periprosthetic femoral fracture.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aged ; Periprosthetic Fractures/epidemiology ; Periprosthetic Fractures/etiology ; Periprosthetic Fractures/surgery ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip/adverse effects ; Hip Prosthesis/adverse effects ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Reoperation/adverse effects ; Femoral Fractures/epidemiology ; Femoral Fractures/etiology ; Femoral Fractures/surgery ; Prosthesis Design
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632770-9
ISSN	1532-8406 ; 0883-5403
ISSN (online)	1532-8406
ISSN	0883-5403
DOI	10.1016/j.arth.2023.06.014
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Article ; Online: Effect of a Basic Training Nicotine-Free Policy on Soldiers in the United States Army.

Lang, Adam Edward / Yakhkind, Aleksandra / Lamb, Robert W / Stack, Kathleen M

Chest

2021 Volume 160, Issue 3, Page(s) 1137–1139

MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Military Personnel/psychology ; Military Personnel/statistics & numerical data ; Policy Making ; Smoke-Free Policy ; Smoking/epidemiology ; Smoking/psychology ; Smoking Cessation/methods ; Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data ; Smoking Prevention/methods ; Smoking Prevention/statistics & numerical data ; Social Environment ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1032552-9
ISSN	1931-3543 ; 0012-3692
ISSN (online)	1931-3543
ISSN	0012-3692
DOI	10.1016/j.chest.2021.03.039
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Article ; Online: Deadly H7N9 influenza virus: a pandemic in the making or a warning lesson?

Lamb, Robert A

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

2013 Volume 188, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–2

MeSH term(s)	China ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology ; Humans ; Influenza A virus ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology ; Internationality ; Pandemics/prevention & control
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-05-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1180953-x
ISSN	1535-4970 ; 0003-0805 ; 1073-449X
ISSN (online)	1535-4970
ISSN	0003-0805 ; 1073-449X
DOI	10.1164/rccm.201305-0914ED
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Article ; Online: Interactions between exotic and native lady beetle species stabilize community abundance.

Lamb, Robert J / Bannerman, Jordan A / Costamagna, Alejandro C

Oecologia

2020 Volume 193, Issue 3, Page(s) 701–711

Abstract: A 23-year time-series of abundance for 13 lady beetle species (Coccinellidae) was used to investigate community stability. The community exhibited persistence in ten habitats, no overall trend in abundance, and low temporal variability quantified as ... ...

Abstract	A 23-year time-series of abundance for 13 lady beetle species (Coccinellidae) was used to investigate community stability. The community exhibited persistence in ten habitats, no overall trend in abundance, and low temporal variability quantified as Population variability (PV) = 0.33 on a scale from 0 to 1 that declined to 0.16 in the past 8 years. This high level of stability occurred as exotic lady beetles disrupted populations of the native species. For hypothetical communities of pairs of species (with randomly generated annual abundances in the range for lady beetles), PV increased linearly with the correlation coefficients between individual time series, illustrating a "portfolio effect". PV for the real community and the negative correlation between the abundance of exotics and natives fit this relationship precisely. A gradual decline of natives matched by an equal gradual rise in the abundance of exotics contributed to the negative correlation that stabilized the community. The abundance of the dominant species, an exotic, was negatively correlated with other exotics and most natives, and its stability increased over time, helping to stabilize the community. The community was most stable in habitats where beetle abundance was high (crops, particularly perennial crops) and, unexpectedly, was least stable in habitats with high diversity and stability of vegetation cover (forests). These data are consistent with the hypothesis that competition between exotic and native species, with release from competition for natives in some years, stabilized the abundance of this community. Stability may not last if populations of native species continue declining.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Coleoptera ; Ecosystem ; Forests ; Introduced Species
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-23
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	123369-5
ISSN	1432-1939 ; 0029-8549
ISSN (online)	1432-1939
ISSN	0029-8549
DOI	10.1007/s00442-020-04716-7
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Article ; Online: Repurposing Papaverine as an Antiviral Agent against Influenza Viruses and Paramyxoviruses.

Aggarwal, Megha / Leser, George P / Lamb, Robert A

Journal of virology

2020 Volume 94, Issue 6

Abstract: Influenza viruses are highly infectious and are the leading cause of human respiratory diseases and may trigger severe epidemics and occasional pandemics. Although antiviral drugs against influenza viruses have been developed, there is an urgent need to ... ...

Abstract	Influenza viruses are highly infectious and are the leading cause of human respiratory diseases and may trigger severe epidemics and occasional pandemics. Although antiviral drugs against influenza viruses have been developed, there is an urgent need to design new strategies to develop influenza virus inhibitors due to the increasing resistance of viruses toward currently available drugs. In this study, we examined the antiviral activity of natural compounds against the following influenza virus strains: A/WSN/33 (H1N1), A/Udorn/72 (H3N2), and B/Lee/40. Papaverine (a nonnarcotic alkaloid that has been used for the treatment of heart disease, impotency, and psychosis) was found to be an effective inhibitor of multiple strains of influenza virus. Kinetic studies demonstrated that papaverine inhibited influenza virus infection at a late stage in the virus life cycle. An alteration in influenza virus morphology and viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) localization was observed as an effect of papaverine treatment. Papaverine is a well-known phosphodiesterase inhibitor and also modifies the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway by downregulating the phosphorylation of MEK and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Thus, the modulation of host cell signaling pathways by papaverine may be associated with the nuclear retention of vRNPs and the reduction of influenza virus titers. Interestingly, papaverine also inhibited paramyxoviruses parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), human parainfluenza virus 3 (HPIV3), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections. We propose that papaverine can be a potential candidate to be used as an antiviral agent against a broad range of influenza viruses and paramyxoviruses.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Dogs ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drug Repositioning ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects ; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells ; Orthomyxoviridae/metabolism ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/drug therapy ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/metabolism ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/pathology ; Papaverine/pharmacology ; Paramyxoviridae Infections/metabolism ; Paramyxoviridae Infections/pathology ; Paramyxovirinae/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents ; Papaverine (DAA13NKG2Q)
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80174-4
ISSN	1098-5514 ; 0022-538X
ISSN (online)	1098-5514
ISSN	0022-538X
DOI	10.1128/JVI.01888-19
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Thesis ; Online: Interpreting Time-Resolved Spectra and Excited State Reactivity with Computational Methods

Lamb, Robert

2020

Abstract: Light-harvesting compounds are developed for a variety of purposes pertaining to areas such as energy-capture, chemical transformations, and lighting. There is a need to better understand the reactivity and excited state properties of these compounds. ... ...

Abstract	Light-harvesting compounds are developed for a variety of purposes pertaining to areas such as energy-capture, chemical transformations, and lighting. There is a need to better understand the reactivity and excited state properties of these compounds. Many experiments focus on gleaning information about reactivity by observing spectral changes over time intervals ranging from femtoseconds to minutes (IR, UV-VIS, and UV-VIS pump-probe spectroscopy). This dissertation focuses on the interpretation of the experimental data from a computational perspective and methodological studies to determine reasonable levels of theory for each system. Three vignettes of this approach will be discussed. First, a mononuclear tungsten complex was found to be capable of self-sensitized catalytic H2 production. Experimental mechanistic studies employed time-resolved IR spectroscopy to capture spectral signatures of potential catalytic intermediates. DFT computational methods were utilized to predict geometries, energies, and harmonic stretching frequencies of a variety of catalytic intermediates that correlate rather well with experiment. For studying the excited state, the prototypical system that is both well-known and well-behaved is the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ ion. This complex undergoes a MLCT excitation and ultimately forms a long-lived 3MLCT state with a lifetime on the order of µs. While several computational studies exist, a systematic study on what dictates an appropriate level of theory for correctly describing this system is absent from the literature. We conduct a systematic study of a series of DFT functionals and basis set combinations to evaluate the relative energies of the MLCT and MC states, as well as correctly predicting the character of excitations observed in the transient UV-VIS spectra of the MLCT excited state. Finally, the absorption and emission spectra of a series of polycyclic aromatic azaborines were simulated and compared to their experimental values. Experimentally, some compounds exhibit large, solvent-dependent Stokes shifts consistent with CT excitations. Unfortunately, the excited state chemistry is not so straightforward and some of these compounds may become deprotonated in the ES, thus resulting in a charge-separated state. As a by-product of this project, the results from each method suggest that, contrary to literature precedent, typical hybrid functionals appear to overestimate the CT character of the computed excitations.
Keywords	Chemistry\|Inorganic chemistry\|Computational chemistry
Subject code	541
Language	ENG
Publishing date	2020-01-01 00:00:01.0
Publisher	Mississippi State University
Publishing country	us
Document type	Thesis ; Online
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Article ; Online: Comparison of emissions across tobacco products: A slippery slope in tobacco control.

El-Hellani, Ahmad / Adeniji, Ayomipo / Erythropel, Hanno C / Wang, Qixin / Lamb, Thomas / Mikheev, Vladimir B / Rahman, Irfan / Stepanov, Irina / Strongin, Robert M / Wagener, Theodore L / Brinkman, Marielle C

Tobacco induced diseases

2024 Volume 22

Abstract: In this narrative review, we highlight the challenges of comparing emissions from different tobacco products under controlled laboratory settings (using smoking/vaping machines). We focus on tobacco products that generate inhalable smoke or aerosol, such ...

Abstract	In this narrative review, we highlight the challenges of comparing emissions from different tobacco products under controlled laboratory settings (using smoking/vaping machines). We focus on tobacco products that generate inhalable smoke or aerosol, such as cigarettes, cigars, hookah, electronic cigarettes, and heated tobacco products. We discuss challenges associated with sample generation including variability of smoking/vaping machines, lack of standardized adaptors that connect smoking/vaping machines to different tobacco products, puffing protocols that are not representative of actual use, and sample generation session length (minutes or number of puffs) that depends on product characteristics. We also discuss the challenges of physically characterizing and trapping emissions from products with different aerosol characteristics. Challenges to analytical method development are also covered, highlighting matrix effects, order of magnitude differences in analyte levels, and the necessity of tailored quality control/quality assurance measures. The review highlights two approaches in selecting emissions to monitor across products, one focusing on toxicants that were detected and quantified with optimized methods for combustible cigarettes, and the other looking for product-specific toxicants using non-targeted analysis. The challenges of data reporting and statistical analysis that allow meaningful comparison across products are also discussed. We end the review by highlighting that even if the technical challenges are overcome, emission comparison may obscure the absolute exposure from novel products if we only focus on relative exposure compared to combustible products.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-30
Publishing country	Greece
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2194616-4
ISSN	1617-9625 ; 1617-9625
ISSN (online)	1617-9625
ISSN	1617-9625
DOI	10.18332/tid/183797
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