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Article ; Online: Risankizumab to treat moderately to severely active Crohn's disease in adults: an evaluation of trials and data.

Johnson, Amanda M / Loftus, Edward V

Expert review of gastroenterology & hepatology

2024 Volume 17, Issue 12, Page(s) 1169–1183

Abstract: Introduction: Risankizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively inhibits interleukin (IL)-23. It is approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and more recently moderate-to-severe Crohn's ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Risankizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively inhibits interleukin (IL)-23. It is approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and more recently moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease (CD). Areas covered: After examining the current landscape of CD management including therapies which are currently approved and those in late stages of development, we will review the interleukin pathway and discuss the specific mechanism of targeted IL-23 inhibition, summarize available clinical trial data on efficacy and safety of Risankizumab, consider future positioning of Risankizumab in the therapeutic armamentarium, and ultimately discuss future needs for the field. Expert opinion: Risankizumab represents the first and only targeted IL-23 inhibitor approved for the treatment of CD, providing a promising addition to the therapeutic armamentarium for CD, with a favorable safety profile and demonstrated efficacy in both biologic-naïve and exposed populations. It is possible that the targeted nature of Risankizumab may enhance efficacy and safety over combined IL-12/23 inhibition, with trials underway attempting to shed light on that hypothesis.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Crohn Disease/diagnosis ; Crohn Disease/drug therapy ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects ; Psoriasis/drug therapy ; Interleukin-23/metabolism ; Interleukin-23/therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	risankizumab (90ZX3Q3FR7) ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Interleukin-23
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2481021-6
ISSN	1747-4132 ; 1747-4124
ISSN (online)	1747-4132
ISSN	1747-4124
DOI	10.1080/17474124.2023.2295496
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Zs.A 6978: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Reviewing the impact of obesity on inflammatory bowel disease and considerations for optimizing management.

Ghusn, Wissam / Loftus, Edward V / Johnson, Amanda M

Current opinion in gastroenterology

2024

Abstract: Purpose of review: This review examines the complex relationship between obesity and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing their potentially shared pathogenesis, the impact of obesity on the natural history and treatment outcomes of IBD, and ... ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: This review examines the complex relationship between obesity and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing their potentially shared pathogenesis, the impact of obesity on the natural history and treatment outcomes of IBD, and the management of obesity in the patient with IBD. Recent findings: Obesity represents a state of chronic inflammation that may not only contribute to IBD pathogenesis, but also influence disease progression, complications, and response to treatment. Increased visceral adiposity may carry negative prognostic implications for disease and treatment-specific outcomes. Antiobesity medications, endoscopic bariatric therapies, and even bariatric surgery may be effective and well tolerated in selected patients with IBD. Summary: The intersection of obesity and IBD presents a significant clinical challenge, with obesity influencing the natural history of IBD and potentially affecting treatment efficacy. As obesity prevalence among IBD patients rises, a tailored approach to management is crucial, taking into account the individualized risks and benefits of various treatment strategies, including lifestyle interventions, pharmacotherapy, endoscopic procedures, and bariatric surgery.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632571-3
ISSN	1531-7056 ; 0267-1379
ISSN (online)	1531-7056
ISSN	0267-1379
DOI	10.1097/MOG.0000000000001025
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Zs.A 2072: Show issues

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Article: Impact of Obesity on the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Johnson, Amanda M / Loftus, Edward V

Gastroenterology & hepatology

2021 Volume 16, Issue 7, Page(s) 350–359

Abstract: The worldwide prevalence of obesity has reached staggering proportions, and the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) population has not been immune to this trend, with obesity rates estimated to be between 15% and 40%. With the concurrent rise in incidence ... ...

Abstract	The worldwide prevalence of obesity has reached staggering proportions, and the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) population has not been immune to this trend, with obesity rates estimated to be between 15% and 40%. With the concurrent rise in incidence of IBD itself, there are biologically plausible mechanisms that suggest a potential role of obesity in the pathogenesis of IBD, although epidemiologic data on this issue are conflicting. Similarly, studies exploring the impact that obesity may have on the natural history of disease have produced inconsistent results. Some studies suggest higher and others lower rates of surgery in obese Crohn's disease patients, other studies suggest a higher risk of surgery in obese ulcerative colitis patients, and yet other studies reveal no difference in outcomes regarding hospitalization or surgery for either group. Regardless of its impact on the pathogenesis or natural history of IBD, the rising prevalence of obesity in this population results in a need to better understand the effect it has on IBD management. Although pharmacologic data suggest that obesity may influence the absorption, distribution, and clearance of the available therapeutic agents, the actual clinical consequences that these differences have on disease management are less clear. Finally, it is possible that weight loss interventions for obesity could have an impact on the clinical course of IBD.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2386402-3
ISSN	1554-7914
ISSN	1554-7914
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Zs.A 6543: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Obesity in inflammatory bowel disease: A review of its role in the pathogenesis, natural history, and treatment of IBD.

Johnson, Amanda M / Loftus, Edward V

Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association

2021 Volume 27, Issue 4, Page(s) 183–190

Abstract: In contrast to previous perceptions that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are generally malnourished and underweight, there is mounting evidence to suggest that rates of obesity in IBD now mirror that of the general population. IBD is an immune- ... ...

Abstract	In contrast to previous perceptions that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are generally malnourished and underweight, there is mounting evidence to suggest that rates of obesity in IBD now mirror that of the general population. IBD is an immune-mediated condition that appears to develop in individuals who have not only a genetic predisposition to immune dysregulation but also likely exposure to various environmental factors which further potentiate this risk. With the surge in obesity alongside the rising incidence of IBD, particularly in developing nations, the role that obesity may play, not only in the pathogenesis but also in the natural history of disease has become a topic of growing interest. Currently available data exploring obesity's impact on the natural history of IBD are largely conflicting, potentially limited by the use of body mass index as a surrogate measure of obesity at varying time points throughout the disease course. While there are pharmacokinetic data to suggest possible detrimental effects that obesity may have on the response to medical therapy, results in this realm are also inconsistent. Moreover, not only is it unclear whether weight loss improves IBD outcomes, little is known about the safety and efficacy of available weight-loss strategies in this population. For these reasons, it becomes increasingly important to further understand the nature of any interaction between obesity and IBD.
MeSH term(s)	Body Mass Index ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/epidemiology ; Obesity/complications ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Risk Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-25
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2299174-8
ISSN	1998-4049 ; 1319-3767
ISSN (online)	1998-4049
ISSN	1319-3767
DOI	10.4103/sjg.sjg_30_21
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Zs.A 6710: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Effectiveness and Safety of Antiobesity Medications in Patients With Obesity and Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Pham, Jonathan T / Ghusn, Wissam / Acosta, Andres / Loftus, Edward V / Johnson, Amanda M

The American journal of gastroenterology

2023

Abstract: Introduction: Limited data exist evaluating antiobesity medications (AOM) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).: Methods: We performed a case-control study evaluating the effectiveness and safety of AOM in patients with IBD with obesity, ...

Abstract	Introduction: Limited data exist evaluating antiobesity medications (AOM) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: We performed a case-control study evaluating the effectiveness and safety of AOM in patients with IBD with obesity, matched to non-IBD controls. Results: After 12 months, the case (n = 36) and control (n = 36) groups achieved similar percent total body weight loss of -6.9 ± 8.3 and -8.1 ± 7.0 (P = 0.30), respectively. Side effect profiles were similar between groups. Seven patients experienced an IBD flare, all managed medically. Discussion: AOM use in patients with IBD demonstrated similar effectiveness and safety when compared with that observed in the non-IBD population.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390122-1
ISSN	1572-0241 ; 0002-9270
ISSN (online)	1572-0241
ISSN	0002-9270
DOI	10.14309/ajg.0000000000002490
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Article ; Online: Two birds, multiple stones - the case of cholecystitis of the double gallbladder and its surgical management.

Johnson, Kate / Clarke, Edward M / Lockie, Elizabeth / Sharma, Vasu Keshav / George, Samuel

ANZ journal of surgery

2022 Volume 93, Issue 4, Page(s) 1044–1045

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Gallbladder/diagnostic imaging ; Gallbladder/surgery ; Cholecystitis/surgery ; Gallbladder Diseases
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-14
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2050749-5
ISSN	1445-2197 ; 1445-1433 ; 0004-8682
ISSN (online)	1445-2197
ISSN	1445-1433 ; 0004-8682
DOI	10.1111/ans.18085
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Article ; Online: Parasite escape mechanisms drive morphological diversification in avian lice.

Kolencik, Stanislav / Stanley, Edward L / Punnath, Aswaj / Grant, Avery R / Doña, Jorge / Johnson, Kevin P / Allen, Julie M

Proceedings. Biological sciences

2024 Volume 291, Issue 2019, Page(s) 20232665

Abstract: Organisms that have repeatedly evolved similar morphologies owing to the same selective pressures provide excellent cases in which to examine specific morphological changes and their relevance to the ecology and evolution of taxa. Hosts of permanent ... ...

Abstract	Organisms that have repeatedly evolved similar morphologies owing to the same selective pressures provide excellent cases in which to examine specific morphological changes and their relevance to the ecology and evolution of taxa. Hosts of permanent parasites act as an independent evolutionary experiment, as parasites on these hosts are thought to be undergoing similar selective pressures. Parasitic feather lice have repeatedly diversified into convergent ecomorphs in different microhabitats on their avian hosts. We quantified specific morphological characters to determine (i) which traits are associated with each ecomorph, (ii) the quantitative differences between these ecomorphs, and (iii) if there is evidence of displacement among co-occurring lice as might be expected under louse-louse competition on the host. We used nano-computed tomography scan data of 89 specimens, belonging to four repeatedly evolved ecomorphs, to examine their mandibular muscle volume, limb length and three-dimensional head shape data. Here, we find evidence that lice repeatedly evolve similar morphologies as a mechanism to escape host defences, but also diverge into different ecomorphs related to the way they escape these defences. Lice that co-occur with other genera on a host exhibit greater morphological divergence, indicating a potential role of competition in evolutionary divergence.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Phylogeny ; Parasites ; Birds/parasitology ; Ecology ; Host-Parasite Interactions
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	209242-6
ISSN	1471-2954 ; 0080-4649 ; 0962-8452 ; 0950-1193
ISSN (online)	1471-2954
ISSN	0080-4649 ; 0962-8452 ; 0950-1193
DOI	10.1098/rspb.2023.2665
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Article ; Online: Prevalence and Impact of Obesity in a Population-Based Cohort of Patients With Crohn's Disease.

Johnson, Amanda M / Harmsen, William Scott / Aniwan, Satimai / Tremaine, William J / Raffals, Laura E / Abu Dayyeh, Barham K / Loftus, Edward V

Journal of clinical gastroenterology

2024 Volume 58, Issue 2, Page(s) 176–182

Abstract: Background: Obesity is on the rise within the inflammatory bowel disease population. The impact obesity has on the natural history of Crohn's disease (CD) is not well-understood. We aimed to describe the prevalence of obesity in a population-based ... ...

Abstract	Background: Obesity is on the rise within the inflammatory bowel disease population. The impact obesity has on the natural history of Crohn's disease (CD) is not well-understood. We aimed to describe the prevalence of obesity in a population-based cohort of newly diagnosed patients with CD, and the impact obesity had on disease phenotype and outcomes of corticosteroid use, hospitalization, intestinal resection, and development of fistulizing or penetrating disease. Materials and methods: A chart review was performed on Olmsted County, Minnesota residents diagnosed with CD between 1970 and 2010. Data were collected on demographics, body mass index, CD location and behavior, CD-related hospitalizations, corticosteroid use, and intestinal resection. The proportion of individuals considered obese at the time of CD diagnosis was evaluated over time, and CD-associated complications were assessed with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results: We identified 334 individuals diagnosed with CD between 1970 and 2010, of whom 156 (46.7%) were either overweight (27.8%) or obese (18.9%) at the time of diagnosis. The proportion of patients considered obese at the time of their diagnosis of CD increased 2-3 fold over the course of the study period. However, obesity did not have a significant impact on the future risk of corticosteroid use, hospitalization, intestinal resection, or development of penetrating and stricturing complications. Conclusions: Obesity is on the rise in patients with CD, although in this cohort, there did not appear to be any negative association with future CD-related outcomes. Further prospective studies, ideally including obesity measures such as visceral adipose tissue assessment, are warranted to understand the implications of the rising prevalence of obesity on CD outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Crohn Disease/complications ; Crohn Disease/epidemiology ; Crohn Disease/diagnosis ; Prospective Studies ; Prevalence ; Obesity/complications ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Retrospective Studies
Chemical Substances	Adrenal Cortex Hormones
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	448460-5
ISSN	1539-2031 ; 0192-0790
ISSN (online)	1539-2031
ISSN	0192-0790
DOI	10.1097/MCG.0000000000001821
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Article: Monitoring the development of resistance in diamondback moth (DBM) Plutella xylostella (L.) to diamide group of insecticides

Pasupathi, E. / Johnson Thangaraj Edward, Y. S. / Kannan, M. / Ramalingam, J.

Journal of entomological research

2022 Volume 46, Issue 1, Page(s) 111

Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	446197-6
ISSN	0378-9519
Database	Current Contents Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article: Understanding Barriers and Facilitators to Integrated HIV and Hypertension Care in South Africa.

Johnson, Leslie C M / Khan, Suha H / Ali, Mohammed K / Galaviz, Karla I / Waseem, Fatima / Ordóñez, Claudia E / Siedner, Mark J / Nyatela, Athini / Marconi, Vincent C / Lalla-Edward, Samanta T

Research square

2024

Abstract: Background The burden of hypertension among people with HIV is high, particularly in low-and middle-income countries, yet gaps in hypertension screening and care in these settings persist. The objective of this study was to identify facilitators of and ... ...

Abstract	Background The burden of hypertension among people with HIV is high, particularly in low-and middle-income countries, yet gaps in hypertension screening and care in these settings persist. The objective of this study was to identify facilitators of and barriers to hypertension screening, treatment, and management among people with HIV seeking treatment in primary care clinics in Johannesburg, South Africa. Methods Using a cross-sectional study design, data were collected via interviews (n = 53) with people with HIV and hypertension and clinic managers and focus group discussions (n = 9) with clinic staff. A qualitative framework analysis approach guided by the Theoretical Domains Framework was used to identify and compare determinants of hypertension care across different stakeholder groups. Results Data from clinic staff and managers generated three themes characterizing facilitators of and barriers to the adoption and implementation of hypertension screening and treatment: 1) clinics have limited structural and operational capacity to support the implementation of integrated care models, 2) education and training on chronic care guidelines is inconsistent and often lacking across clinics, and 3) clinicians have the goal of enhancing chronic care within their clinics but first need to advocate for health system characteristics that will sustainably support integrated care. Patient data generated three themes characterizing existing facilitators of and barriers to clinic attendance and chronic disease self-management: 1) the threat of hypertension-related morbidity and mortality as a motivator for lifestyle change, 2) the emotional toll of clinic's logistical, staff, and resource challenges, and 3) hypertension self-management as a patchwork of informational and support sources. The main barriers to hypertension screening, treatment, and management were related to environmental resources and context (i.e., lack of enabling resources and siloed flow of clinic operations) the patients' knowledge and emotions (i.e., lack of awareness about hypertension risk, fear, and frustration). Clinical actors and patients differed in perceived need to prioritize HIV versus hypertension care. Conclusions The convergence of multi-stakeholder data regarding barriers to hypertension screening, treatment, and management highlight key areas for improvement, where tailored implementation strategies may address challenges recognized by each stakeholder group.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.21203/rs.3.rs-3885096/v1
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