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Article ; Online: ReLU Network with Bounded Width Is a Universal Approximator in View of an Approximate Identity

Sunghwan Moon

Applied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 427, p

2021 Volume 427

Abstract: ... Rnin,n

Abstract	Deep neural networks have shown very successful performance in a wide range of tasks, but a theory of why they work so well is in the early stage. Recently, the expressive power of neural networks, important for understanding deep learning, has received considerable attention. Classic results, provided by Cybenko, Barron, etc., state that a network with a single hidden layer and suitable activation functions is a universal approximator. A few years ago, one started to study how width affects the expressiveness of neural networks, i.e., a universal approximation theorem for a deep neural network with a Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) activation function and bounded width. Here, we show how any continuous function on a compact set of <math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi><msub><mi>n</mi><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub></msup><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>n</mi><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mo>∈</mo><mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi></mrow></semantics></math> can be approximated by a ReLU network having hidden layers with at most <math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>n</mi><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mo>+</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></semantics></math> nodes in view of an approximate identity.
Keywords	deep neural nets ; ReLU network ; universal approximation theory ; a feed-forward neural network ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	511
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: O-GlcNAcylated peptides and proteins for structural and functional studies.

Balana, Aaron T / Moon, Stuart P / Pratt, Matthew R

Current opinion in structural biology

2021 Volume 68, Page(s) 84–93

Abstract: O-GlcNAcylation is an enzymatic post-translational modification occurring in hundreds of protein substrates. This modification occurs through the addition of the monosaccharide N-acetylglucosamine to serine and threonine residues on intracellular ... ...

Abstract	O-GlcNAcylation is an enzymatic post-translational modification occurring in hundreds of protein substrates. This modification occurs through the addition of the monosaccharide N-acetylglucosamine to serine and threonine residues on intracellular proteins in the cytosol, nucleus, and mitochondria. As a highly dynamic form of modification, changes in O-GlcNAc levels coincide with alterations in metabolic state, the presence of stressors, and cellular health. At the protein level, the consequences of the sugar modification can vary, thus necessitating biochemical investigations on protein-specific and site-specific effects. To this end, enzymatic and chemical methods to 'encode' the modification have been developed and the utilization of these synthetic glycopeptides and glycoproteins has since been instrumental in the discovery of the mechanisms by which O-GlcNAcylation can affect a diverse array of biological processes.
MeSH term(s)	Acetylglucosamine ; Glycoproteins ; Peptides ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational
Chemical Substances	Glycoproteins ; Peptides ; Acetylglucosamine (V956696549)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review
ZDB-ID	1068353-7
ISSN	1879-033X ; 0959-440X
ISSN (online)	1879-033X
ISSN	0959-440X
DOI	10.1016/j.sbi.2020.12.005
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Article ; Online: Consequences of post-translational modifications on amyloid proteins as revealed by protein semisynthesis.

Moon, Stuart P / Balana, Aaron T / Pratt, Matthew R

Current opinion in chemical biology

2021 Volume 64, Page(s) 76–89

Abstract: Alterations to the global levels of certain types of post-translational modifications (PTMs) are commonly observed in neurodegenerative diseases. The net influence of these PTM changes to the progression of these diseases can be deduced from cellular and ...

Abstract	Alterations to the global levels of certain types of post-translational modifications (PTMs) are commonly observed in neurodegenerative diseases. The net influence of these PTM changes to the progression of these diseases can be deduced from cellular and animal studies. However, at the molecular level, how one PTM influences a given protein is not uniform and cannot be easily generalized from systemic observations, thus requiring protein-specific interrogations. Given that protein aggregation is a shared pathological hallmark in neurodegeneration, it is important to understand how these PTMs affect the behavior of amyloid-forming proteins. For this purpose, protein semisynthesis techniques, largely via native chemical and expressed protein ligation, have been widely used. These approaches have thus far led to our increased understanding of the site-specific consequences of certain PTMs to amyloidogenic proteins' endogenous function, their propensity for aggregation, and the structural variations these PTMs induce toward the aggregates formed.
MeSH term(s)	Amyloidogenic Proteins ; Animals ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational
Chemical Substances	Amyloidogenic Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	1439176-4
ISSN	1879-0402 ; 1367-5931
ISSN (online)	1879-0402
ISSN	1367-5931
DOI	10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.05.007
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Article ; Online: Using the 5-Item Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-5) to Screen for Non-adherence to Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation After Bariatric Surgery.

Spetz, Kristina / Olbers, Torsten / Östbring, Malin / Moon, Zoe / Horne, Rob / Andersson, Ellen

Obesity surgery

2024 Volume 34, Issue 2, Page(s) 576–582

Abstract: Introduction: Poor adherence to recommended vitamin and mineral supplementation after bariatric surgery is common and challenging for healthcare professionals to identify. There are several questionnaires for self-reporting of adherence to chronic ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Poor adherence to recommended vitamin and mineral supplementation after bariatric surgery is common and challenging for healthcare professionals to identify. There are several questionnaires for self-reporting of adherence to chronic medication, but none has so far been evaluated for assessment of adherence to vitamin and mineral supplementation after bariatric surgery. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of the 5-item Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-5) in measuring adherence to vitamin and mineral supplementation post bariatric surgery (gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy). Method: The psychometric properties of MARS-5 for vitamin and mineral supplementation were validated in two cohorts: one at 1 year post bariatric surgery (n = 120) and the other at 2 years post-surgery (n = 211). MARS-5 was compared to pharmacy refill data for vitamin B Results: Correlation analyses demonstrated that the MARS-5 had acceptable validity compared to objectively measured adherence rates from pharmacy refill data (calculated as continuous, multiple-interval measures of medication availability/gaps-coefficient ranged from 0.49 to 0.54). Internal reliability (Cronbach's α) was high: 0.81 and 0.95, respectively. There was a clear ceiling effect where one out of three had a maximum score on MARS-5. Conclusion: MARS-5 demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties for assessment of adherence to vitamin and mineral supplementation post bariatric surgery.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Vitamins/therapeutic use ; Reproducibility of Results ; Obesity, Morbid/surgery ; Bariatric Surgery ; Gastric Bypass ; Dietary Supplements ; Minerals ; Medication Adherence
Chemical Substances	Vitamins ; Minerals
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1070827-3
ISSN	1708-0428 ; 0960-8923
ISSN (online)	1708-0428
ISSN	0960-8923
DOI	10.1007/s11695-023-07027-x
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Article ; Online: PharmaMemory: an interactive, animated web application for learning autonomic physiology and pharmacology.

Rosencrans, Timothy / Jones, Ryan / Griffin, Daniel / Loyd, India / Grady, Anna / Moon, Mary / Miller, Frederick

Advances in physiology education

2024

Abstract: Intro Medical students face challenging but important topics they must learn in short periods of time such as autonomic pharmacology. Autonomic pharmacology is difficult in that it requires students to synthesize detailed anatomy, physiology, clinical ... ...

Abstract	Intro Medical students face challenging but important topics they must learn in short periods of time such as autonomic pharmacology. Autonomic pharmacology is difficult in that it requires students to synthesize detailed anatomy, physiology, clinical skills, and pharmacology. The subject poses a challenge to learn as it is often introduced early in the medical school curriculum. Methods To ease the difficulty of learning autonomic pharmacology, we created a free web application, PharmaMemory (www.pharmamemory.com) that interactively depicts the effects of high-yield autonomic drugs on the human body. PharmaMemory provides users with the opportunity to read about and quiz themselves on the mechanisms, side effects, indications, and contraindications of these drugs while interacting with the application. We provided PharmaMemory to first-year medical students for 2 consecutive years of quality improvement and assessed the application's perceived effects on learning via user surveys. Results Survey feedback showed users viewed PharmaMemory favorably and self-reported increased understanding, knowledge, and confidence in the subject of autonomic pharmacology. Comments were largely positive or constructive. Discussion PharmaMemory utilizes challenged recall, visual stimulation, and interactive learning to provide users with a multifaceted learning tool. Preliminary data suggest that students find this method of learning beneficial. Further studies are needed to assess PharmaMemory compared to more traditional learning methods such as PowerPoint or text-based learning. Additionally, further research is needed to quantitatively assess reduction in cognitive load.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1024917-5
ISSN	1522-1229 ; 1043-4046
ISSN (online)	1522-1229
ISSN	1043-4046
DOI	10.1152/advan.00214.2022
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Article ; Online: Compensatory latency time delays during consecutive perturbations in older adults with and without kinesiophobia.

Sung, Paul / Park, Moon Soo

Gait & posture

2024 Volume 109, Page(s) 95–100

Abstract: ... demonstrated a moderate negative association with the TSK (r = -0.52, p = 0.004). There was a significant group ... difference for the FES (t = 2.78, p = 0.01). The FES demonstrated significant positive correlation ...

Abstract	Background: Fear of movement has been related to lower limb activation patterns in older adults. However, insight into consecutive perturbations on stepping strategy while considering fall-related confidence is unknown. Research question: Are there latency time delays following three consecutive slip perturbations between subjects with and without kinesiophobia when considering limb dominance and fall efficacy differences? Methods: There were 15 older adults with kinesiophobia and 15 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched control subjects. The subjects stood on the platform during three consecutive perturbations (250, 300, and 400 msec excursions), which were produced by a Bertec device. The subjects completed questionnaires to evaluate the psychological features of their fall-related fear (Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia: TSK) as well as the modified fall efficacy scale (FES). The latency times (msec) measured the time it took for a subject to respond to a translation. Results: Overall, the results of the FES demonstrated a moderate negative association with the TSK (r = -0.52, p = 0.004). There was a significant group difference for the FES (t = 2.78, p = 0.01). The FES demonstrated significant positive correlation coefficients (ranging from 0.40 to 0.51) and significant negative correlation coefficients (ranging from -0.41 to -0.61), except for the slow perturbations. The groups demonstrated a significant interaction on consecutive latency times and limb side (F = 5.84, p = 0.02). The latency time during the fast perturbations on the dominant limb (F = 5.53, p = 0.02) was significantly shorter in the kinesiophobia group. Significance: The control group demonstrated confidence during fall-related activities, but the latency times were significantly different between groups when considering the dominant limb following repeated slip perturbations. The kinesiophobia group demonstrated shorter latency times on the dominant limb to protect against potential fall-risks from perturbations. The group interactions on limb side and consecutive perturbations need to be considered with fall-related confidence and improved standing balance in older adults with kinesiophobia.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aged ; Kinesiophobia ; Fear/psychology ; Movement ; Lower Extremity ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1162323-8
ISSN	1879-2219 ; 0966-6362
ISSN (online)	1879-2219
ISSN	0966-6362
DOI	10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.01.012
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Article ; Online: Intricate 3D architecture of a DNA mimic of GFP.

Passalacqua, Luiz F M / Banco, Michael T / Moon, Jared D / Li, Xing / Jaffrey, Samie R / Ferré-D'Amaré, Adrian R

Nature

2023 Volume 618, Issue 7967, Page(s) 1078–1084

Abstract: Numerous studies have shown how RNA molecules can adopt elaborate three-dimensional (3D) ... ...

Abstract	Numerous studies have shown how RNA molecules can adopt elaborate three-dimensional (3D) architectures
MeSH term(s)	DNA/chemistry ; DNA/ultrastructure ; G-Quadruplexes ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; RNA/chemistry ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/chemistry ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/ultrastructure ; Molecular Mimicry ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Cations, Divalent/chemistry ; Cations, Monovalent/chemistry
Chemical Substances	DNA (9007-49-2) ; RNA (63231-63-0) ; Green Fluorescent Proteins (147336-22-9) ; Cations, Divalent ; Cations, Monovalent
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	120714-3
ISSN	1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
ISSN (online)	1476-4687
ISSN	0028-0836
DOI	10.1038/s41586-023-06229-8
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Article ; Online: Radiographic parameters associated with fracture-related infection in high energy bicondylar tibial plateau fractures managed with two-stage treatment: Identifying the bad actors.

Haase, Douglas R / Haase, Lucas R / Moon, Tyler J / Mersereau, Erik J / Napora, Joshua K / Wise, Brent T

Injury

2023 Volume 54, Issue 7, Page(s) 110759

Abstract: Introduction: High energy tibial plateau fractures are fraught with complications, particularly fracture-related infection (FRI). Previous studies have evaluated patient demographics, fracture classification, and injury characteristics as risk factors ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: High energy tibial plateau fractures are fraught with complications, particularly fracture-related infection (FRI). Previous studies have evaluated patient demographics, fracture classification, and injury characteristics as risk factors for FRI in patients with these injuries. This study evaluated the relationship between radiographic parameters (fracture length relative to femoral condyle width (FLF ratio), initial femoral displacement (FD ratio), and tibial widening (TW ratio)) and fracture-related infection following internal fixation in high energy bicondylar tibial plateau fractures. Methods: 225 patients treated for bicondylar tibial plateau fractures at two level I trauma centers were retrospectively reviewed. Patient characteristics, fracture classification, and radiographic measurements were analyzed to determine association with FRI. Results: The rate of FRI was 13.8%. Increased fracture length, FLF ratio, FD ratio, TW ratio, and fibula fracture were each associated with FRI on regression analysis, independent of clinical variables. Cutoff values were identified for each parameter and patients were risk stratified based on these radiographic parameters. High-risk patients had a 2.68- and 12.36-times risk of FRI compared to medium and low-risk patients, respectively. Discussion: This study is the first to examine the relationship between radiographic parameters and FRI in high energy bicondylar tibial plateau fractures. Fracture length, FLF ratio, FD ratio, TW ratio, and fibula fracture were identified as radiographic parameters associated with FRI. More importantly, risk stratifying patients based on these parameters accurately identified patients at increased risk of FRI. Not all bicondylar tibial plateau fractures are created equal and radiographic parameters can be utilized to help identify the bad actors.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Tibial Plateau Fractures ; Retrospective Studies ; Tibial Fractures/diagnostic imaging ; Tibial Fractures/surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/adverse effects ; Tibia
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-25
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	218778-4
ISSN	1879-0267 ; 0020-1383
ISSN (online)	1879-0267
ISSN	0020-1383
DOI	10.1016/j.injury.2023.04.046
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Article ; Online: Safety and efficacy of a kaolin-impregnated hemostatic gauze in cardiac surgery: A randomized trial.

Mumtaz, Mubashir / Thompson, Richard B / Moon, Marc R / Sultan, Ibrahim / Reece, T Brett / Keeling, William B / DeLaRosa, Jacob

JTCVS open

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 134–144

Abstract: Objective: A kaolin-based nonresorbable hemostatic gauze, QuikClot Control+, has demonstrated effective hemostasis and safety when used for severe/life-threatening (grade 3/4) internal organ space bleeding. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of this ... ...

Abstract	Objective: A kaolin-based nonresorbable hemostatic gauze, QuikClot Control+, has demonstrated effective hemostasis and safety when used for severe/life-threatening (grade 3/4) internal organ space bleeding. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of this gauze for mild to moderate (grade 1-2) bleeding in cardiac surgery compared with control gauze. Methods: This was a randomized, controlled, single-blinded study of patients who underwent cardiac surgery between June 2020 and September 2021 across 7 sites with 231 subjects randomized 2:1 to QuikClot Control+ or control. The primary efficacy end point was hemostasis rate (ie, subjects achieving grade 0 bleed) through up to 10 minutes of bleeding site application, assessed using a semiquantitative validated bleeding severity scale tool. The secondary efficacy end point was the proportion of subjects achieving hemostasis at 5 and 10 minutes. Adverse events, assessed up to 30 days postsurgery, were compared between arms. Results: The predominant procedure was coronary artery bypass grafting, and 69.7% and 29.4% were sternal edge and surgical site (suture line)/other bleeds, respectively. Of the QuikClot Control+ subjects, 121 of 153 (79.1%) achieved hemostasis within 5 minutes, compared with 45 of 78 (58.4%) controls ( Conclusions: QuikClot Control+ demonstrated superior performance in achieving hemostasis for mild to moderate cardiac surgery bleeding compared with control gauze. The proportion of subjects achieving hemostasis was more than 20% higher in QuikClot Control+ subjects at both timepoints compared with controls, with no significant difference in safety outcomes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-04
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Clinical Trial
ISSN	2666-2736
ISSN (online)	2666-2736
DOI	10.1016/j.xjon.2023.03.016
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Article: Assessing the health literacy of caregivers in the pediatric intensive care unit: a mixed-methods study.

Reddy, Anireddy R / Doshi, Anushree K / Mak, Allison / Shea, Judy A / Fardad, Joana T / Moon, Jiwon / Hu, Paula / Garcia-Marcinkiewicz, Annery G

Frontiers in pediatrics

2023 Volume 11, Page(s) 1308673

Abstract: Background: Limited health literacy is associated with increased hospitalizations, emergency visits, health care costs, and mortality. The health literacy levels of caregivers of critically ill children are unknown. This mixed-methods study aims to ... ...

Abstract	Background: Limited health literacy is associated with increased hospitalizations, emergency visits, health care costs, and mortality. The health literacy levels of caregivers of critically ill children are unknown. This mixed-methods study aims to quantitatively assess the health literacy of caregivers of children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and qualitatively describe facilitators and barriers to implementing health literacy screening from the provider perspective. Methods: Caregivers of patients admitted to our large, academic PICU (between August 12, 2022 and March 31, 2023) were approached to complete a survey with the Newest Vital Sign (NVS), which is a validated health literacy screener offered in English and Spanish. We additionally conducted focus groups of interdisciplinary PICU providers to identify factors which may influence implementation of health literacy screening using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) framework. Results: Among 48 surveyed caregivers, 79% demonstrated adequate health literacy using the Newest Vital Sign screener. The majority of caregivers spoke English (96%), were mothers (85%), and identified as White (75%). 83% of caregivers were able to attend rounds at least once and 98% believed attending rounds was helpful. Within the PICU provider focus groups, there were 11 participants (3 attendings, 3 fellows, 2 nurse practitioners, 1 hospitalist, 2 research assistants). Focus group participants described facilitators and barriers to implementation, which were mapped to CFIR domains. Timing of screening and person administering screening were identified as modifiable factors to improve future implementation. Conclusion: We found the health literacy levels of PICU caregivers in our setting is similar to prior assessments of parental health literacy. Participation in morning rounds was helpful for developing understanding of their child's illness, regardless of health literacy status. Qualitative feedback from providers identified barriers across all CFIR domains, with timing of screening and person administering screening as modifiable factors to improve future implementation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2711999-3
ISSN	2296-2360
ISSN	2296-2360
DOI	10.3389/fped.2023.1308673
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