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  1. Article ; Online: Description and results of a new method for assessing real-life performance of a UV-C disinfection robot.

    Rodgers, Michael / Cremers, Suzan / Bowles, Edmée

    Infection prevention in practice

    2023  Volume 5, Issue 4, Page(s) 100322

    Abstract: ... robots using ultraviolet C (UV-C) radiation are increasingly being used. Assessing their in situ ... disinfection robot using UV-C radiation.: Methods: Agar plates serving as proxies for smooth surfaces ... irradiation by an automated mobile UV-C robot, reduction in colony growth was determined by comparing ...

    Abstract Background: Due to the disadvantages of manual disinfection of patient rooms, mobile disinfection robots using ultraviolet C (UV-C) radiation are increasingly being used. Assessing their in situ effectiveness remains challenging.
    Aim: This study describes a new method to prove adequate in situ disinfection (≥5-log reduction in bacterial load), and uses this method to assess the efficacy of a mobile disinfection robot using UV-C radiation.
    Methods: Agar plates serving as proxies for smooth surfaces in patient rooms were inoculated with bacterial suspension and placed on various surfaces in a patient room. After irradiation by an automated mobile UV-C robot, reduction in colony growth was determined by comparing the irradiated plates to a reference series of non-irradiated plates, enabling the evaluation of whether an adequate reduction in colony-forming units (CFU's) of ≥5-log was reached on these irradiated surfaces.
    Findings: The new technique described here proved a successful method for demonstrating an in situ ≥5-log reduction in CFU's for five different bacterial pathogens. Of the 32 plates placed on UV-accessible surfaces, 31 showed an adequate reduction in CFU's of ≥5-log. One plate could not be assessed.
    Conclusion: Inoculated agar plates placed in patient rooms before irradiation and subsequently compared to a reference series can be used to assess in situ efficacy of mobile disinfection robots using UV-C radiation. Our findings support the idea that UV-C robots, used adjunctively to conventional manual washing and disinfection, may achieve adequate bacterial load reduction on UV-accessible smooth surfaces in patient rooms for a selected subset of pathogens.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2590-0889
    ISSN (online) 2590-0889
    DOI 10.1016/j.infpip.2023.100322
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Description and results of a new method for assessing real-life performance of a UV-C disinfection robot

    Michael Rodgers / Suzan Cremers / Edmée Bowles

    Infection Prevention in Practice, Vol 5, Iss 4, Pp 100322- (2023)

    2023  

    Abstract: ... disinfection robots using ultraviolet C (UV–C) radiation are increasingly being used. Assessing their in situ ... disinfection robot using UV-C radiation. Methods: Agar plates serving as proxies for smooth surfaces ... irradiation by an automated mobile UV-C robot, reduction in colony growth was determined by comparing ...

    Abstract Summary: Background: Due to the disadvantages of manual disinfection of patient rooms, mobile disinfection robots using ultraviolet C (UV–C) radiation are increasingly being used. Assessing their in situ effectiveness remains challenging. Aim: This study describes a new method to prove adequate in situ disinfection (≥5-log reduction in bacterial load), and uses this method to assess the efficacy of a mobile disinfection robot using UV-C radiation. Methods: Agar plates serving as proxies for smooth surfaces in patient rooms were inoculated with bacterial suspension and placed on various surfaces in a patient room. After irradiation by an automated mobile UV-C robot, reduction in colony growth was determined by comparing the irradiated plates to a reference series of non-irradiated plates, enabling the evaluation of whether an adequate reduction in colony-forming units (CFU's) of ≥5-log was reached on these irradiated surfaces. Findings: The new technique described here proved a successful method for demonstrating an in situ ≥5-log reduction in CFU's for five different bacterial pathogens. Of the 32 plates placed on UV-accessible surfaces, 31 showed an adequate reduction in CFU's of ≥5-log. One plate could not be assessed. Conclusion: Inoculated agar plates placed in patient rooms before irradiation and subsequently compared to a reference series can be used to assess in situ efficacy of mobile disinfection robots using UV-C radiation. Our findings support the idea that UV-C robots, used adjunctively to conventional manual washing and disinfection, may achieve adequate bacterial load reduction on UV-accessible smooth surfaces in patient rooms for a selected subset of pathogens.
    Keywords UV-C ; Robot ; Disinfection ; Patient room ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 629
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Single-Crystal X-ray Diffraction Studies of Solvated Crystals of C

    Chancellor, Christopher J / Bowles, Faye L / Franco, Jimmy U / Pham, David M / Rivera, Melissa / Sarina, Evan A / Ghiassi, Kamran B / Balch, Alan L / Olmstead, Marilyn M

    The journal of physical chemistry. A

    2018  Volume 122, Issue 50, Page(s) 9626–9636

    Abstract: The solid-state structures of seven solvates of C ...

    Abstract The solid-state structures of seven solvates of C
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-12-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1520-5215
    ISSN (online) 1520-5215
    DOI 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b08740
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Intestinal Transport Characteristics and Metabolism of C-Glucosyl Dihydrochalcone, Aspalathin.

    Bowles, Sandra / Joubert, Elizabeth / de Beer, Dalene / Louw, Johan / Brunschwig, Christel / Njoroge, Mathew / Lawrence, Nina / Wiesner, Lubbe / Chibale, Kelly / Muller, Christo

    Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

    2017  Volume 22, Issue 4

    Abstract: Insight into the mechanisms of intestinal transport and metabolism of aspalathin will provide important information for dose optimisation, in particular for studies using mouse models. Aspalathin transportation across the intestinal barrier (Caco-2 ... ...

    Abstract Insight into the mechanisms of intestinal transport and metabolism of aspalathin will provide important information for dose optimisation, in particular for studies using mouse models. Aspalathin transportation across the intestinal barrier (Caco-2 monolayer) tested at 1-150 µM had an apparent rate of permeability (P
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Aspalathus/chemistry ; Biological Availability ; Biological Transport ; Caco-2 Cells ; Chalcones/administration & dosage ; Chalcones/pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Intestines/chemistry ; Mice ; Permeability ; Plant Extracts/chemistry ; Urine/chemistry
    Chemical Substances Chalcones ; Plant Extracts ; aspalathin
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-03-30
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1413402-0
    ISSN 1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
    ISSN (online) 1420-3049
    ISSN 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
    DOI 10.3390/molecules22040554
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Myeloma-derived macrophage inhibitory factor regulates bone marrow stromal cell-derived IL-6 via c-MYC.

    Piddock, Rachel E / Marlein, Christopher R / Abdul-Aziz, Amina / Shafat, Manar S / Auger, Martin J / Bowles, Kristian M / Rushworth, Stuart A

    Journal of hematology & oncology

    2018  Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 66

    Abstract: Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable malignancy despite the recent advancements in its treatment. The protective effects of the niche in which it develops has been well documented; however, little has been done to investigate the MM cell's ability ... ...

    Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable malignancy despite the recent advancements in its treatment. The protective effects of the niche in which it develops has been well documented; however, little has been done to investigate the MM cell's ability to 're-program' cells within its environment to benefit disease progression. Here, we show that MM-derived macrophage migratory inhibitory factor (MIF) stimulates bone marrow stromal cells to produce the disease critical cytokines IL-6 and IL-8, prior to any cell-cell contact. Furthermore, we provide evidence that this IL-6/8 production is mediated by the transcription factor cMYC. Pharmacological inhibition of cMYC in vivo using JQ1 led to significantly decreased levels of serum IL-6-a highly positive prognostic marker in MM patients.
    Conclusions: Our presented findings show that MM-derived MIF causes BMSC secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 via BMSC cMYC. Furthermore, we show that the cMYC inhibitor JQ1 can reduce BMSC secreted IL-6 in vivo, irrespective of tumor burden. These data provide evidence for the clinical evaluation of both MIF and cMYC inhibitors in the treatment of MM.
    MeSH term(s) Bone Marrow Cells/pathology ; Humans ; Interleukin-6/metabolism ; Interleukin-8/metabolism ; Intramolecular Oxidoreductases/physiology ; Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors/physiology ; Multiple Myeloma/chemistry ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism ; Stromal Cells/pathology
    Chemical Substances CXCL8 protein, human ; IL6 protein, human ; Interleukin-6 ; Interleukin-8 ; MYC protein, human ; Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc ; Intramolecular Oxidoreductases (EC 5.3.-) ; MIF protein, human (EC 5.3.2.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-05-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2429631-4
    ISSN 1756-8722 ; 1756-8722
    ISSN (online) 1756-8722
    ISSN 1756-8722
    DOI 10.1186/s13045-018-0614-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Osteopontin and protein kinase C regulate PDLIM2 activation and STAT1 ubiquitination in LPS-treated murine macrophages.

    Guo, Hongtao / Mi, Zhiyong / Bowles, Dawn E / Bhattacharya, Syamal D / Kuo, Paul C

    The Journal of biological chemistry

    2017  Volume 292, Issue 3, Page(s) 1142

    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-01-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Retraction of Publication
    ZDB-ID 2997-x
    ISSN 1083-351X ; 0021-9258
    ISSN (online) 1083-351X
    ISSN 0021-9258
    DOI 10.1074/jbc.A110.161869
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Intestinal Transport Characteristics and Metabolism of C-Glucosyl Dihydrochalcone, Aspalathin

    Sandra Bowles / Elizabeth Joubert / Dalene de Beer / Johan Louw / Christel Brunschwig / Mathew Njoroge / Nina Lawrence / Lubbe Wiesner / Kelly Chibale / Christo Muller

    Molecules, Vol 22, Iss 4, p

    2017  Volume 554

    Abstract: Insight into the mechanisms of intestinal transport and metabolism of aspalathin will provide important information for dose optimisation, in particular for studies using mouse models. Aspalathin transportation across the intestinal barrier (Caco-2 ... ...

    Abstract Insight into the mechanisms of intestinal transport and metabolism of aspalathin will provide important information for dose optimisation, in particular for studies using mouse models. Aspalathin transportation across the intestinal barrier (Caco-2 monolayer) tested at 1–150 µM had an apparent rate of permeability (Papp) typical of poorly absorbed compounds (1.73 × 10−6 cm/s). Major glucose transporters, sodium glucose linked transporter 1 (SGLT1) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), and efflux protein (P-glycoprotein, PgP) (1.84 × 10−6 cm/s; efflux ratio: 1.1) were excluded as primary transporters, since the Papp of aspalathin was not affected by the presence of specific inhibitors. The Papp of aspalathin was also not affected by constituents of aspalathin-enriched rooibos extracts, but was affected by high glucose concentration (20.5 mM), which decreased the Papp value to 2.9 × 10−7 cm/s. Aspalathin metabolites (sulphated, glucuronidated and methylated) were found in mouse urine, but not in blood, following an oral dose of 50 mg/kg body weight of the pure compound. Sulphates were the predominant metabolites. These findings suggest that aspalathin is absorbed and metabolised in mice to mostly sulphate conjugates detected in urine. Mechanistically, we showed that aspalathin is not actively transported by the glucose transporters, but presumably passes the monolayer paracellularly.
    Keywords aspalathin ; bioavailability ; Caco-2 ; transport ; metabolism ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
    Subject code 500
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Development of molecular markers and linkage maps for the Carthamus species C. tinctorius and C. oxyacanthus.

    Mayerhofer, Reinhold / Archibald, Catherine / Bowles, Victoria / Good, Allen G

    Genome

    2010  Volume 53, Issue 4, Page(s) 266–276

    Abstract: A set of SSR and RFLP markers for safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) and jeweled distaff thistle (C ... mapped in an intraspecific F2 population of C. tinctorius and an interspecific BC1 population of C ... tinctorius x C. oxyacanthus. The two populations shared one common parent and the resulting linkage maps ...

    Abstract A set of SSR and RFLP markers for safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) and jeweled distaff thistle (C. oxyacanthus) was generated from cDNA and genomic libraries and by mining public and proprietary sequence databases. In total, 1412 PCR-based markers and 75 RFLP markers were screened and polymorphic loci were mapped in an intraspecific F2 population of C. tinctorius and an interspecific BC1 population of C. tinctorius x C. oxyacanthus. The two populations shared one common parent and the resulting linkage maps could be compared for synteny. The level of polymorphism was low in both populations and only 8.2% and 13.7% of the analyzed markers could be mapped in the intraspecific and interspecific maps, respectively. The two maps showed significant colinearity of markers in several regions and an apparent translocation or inversion event on one linkage group. Noticeable segregation distortion was found on one linkage group of the C. tinctorius map and dense clustering of loci occurred on several linkage groups of the C. oxyacanthus map. The two maps represent the first major linkage analysis of Carthamus species. The molecular tools will be useful for a variety of genetic and genomic applications in safflower and its related species and have been used in our laboratory to map a flower color gene in C. tinctorius.
    MeSH term(s) Carthamus/classification ; Carthamus/genetics ; Chromosome Mapping/methods ; Chromosomes, Plant/genetics ; DNA, Plant/genetics ; Gene Library ; Genetic Markers/genetics ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Minisatellite Repeats/genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Species Specificity ; Synteny
    Chemical Substances DNA, Plant ; Genetic Markers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-04
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 639031-6
    ISSN 1480-3321 ; 0831-2796
    ISSN (online) 1480-3321
    ISSN 0831-2796
    DOI 10.1139/g10-002
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: RNA-Mediated Reprogramming of Primary Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts into c-kit(+) Cardiac Progenitor Cells.

    Pratico, Elizabeth D / Feger, Bryan J / Watson, Michael J / Sullenger, Bruce A / Bowles, Dawn E / Milano, Carmelo A / Nair, Smita K

    Stem cells and development

    2015  Volume 24, Issue 22, Page(s) 2622–2633

    Abstract: ... that expressed c-kit, Isl-1, and Nkx2.5. Furthermore, these reprogrammed CPCs differentiated into cardiomyocytes ... derived dermal fibroblasts into c-kit(+) CPCs and differentiate them into functional CMs provides ...

    Abstract Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Heart failure is a common, costly, and potentially fatal condition that is inadequately managed by pharmaceuticals. Cardiac repair therapies are promising alternative options. A potential cardiac repair therapy involves reprogramming human fibroblasts toward an induced cardiac progenitor-like state. We developed a clinically useful and safer reprogramming method by nonintegrative delivery of a cocktail of cardiac transcription factor-encoding mRNAs into autologous human dermal fibroblasts obtained from skin biopsies. Using this method, adult and neonatal dermal fibroblasts were reprogrammed into cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) that expressed c-kit, Isl-1, and Nkx2.5. Furthermore, these reprogrammed CPCs differentiated into cardiomyocytes (CMs) in vitro as judged by increased expression of cardiac troponin T, α-sarcomeric actinin, RyR2, and SERCA2 and displayed enhanced caffeine-sensitive calcium release. The ability to reprogram patient-derived dermal fibroblasts into c-kit(+) CPCs and differentiate them into functional CMs provides clinicians with a potential new source of CPCs for cardiac repair from a renewable source and an alternative therapy in the treatment of heart failure.
    MeSH term(s) Actinin/genetics ; Actinin/metabolism ; Adult Stem Cells/cytology ; Adult Stem Cells/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cellular Reprogramming ; Fibroblasts/cytology ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.5 ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; LIM-Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; LIM-Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology ; Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel/genetics ; Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel/metabolism ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases/genetics ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Troponin T/genetics ; Troponin T/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.5 ; Homeodomain Proteins ; LIM-Homeodomain Proteins ; NKX2-5 protein, human ; RNA, Messenger ; Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel ; Transcription Factors ; Troponin T ; insulin gene enhancer binding protein Isl-1 ; Actinin (11003-00-2) ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit (EC 2.7.10.1) ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases (EC 3.6.3.8)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-11-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2142214-X
    ISSN 1557-8534 ; 1547-3287
    ISSN (online) 1557-8534
    ISSN 1547-3287
    DOI 10.1089/scd.2015.0073
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Detoxification of the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in Arabidopsis: discovery of bifunctional O- and C-glucosyltransferases.

    Gandia-Herrero, Fernando / Lorenz, Astrid / Larson, Tony / Graham, Ian A / Bowles, Dianna J / Rylott, Elizabeth L / Bruce, Neil C

    The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology

    2008  Volume 56, Issue 6, Page(s) 963–974

    Abstract: ... that these were conjugated by either an O- or C-glucosidic bond. The other major compounds in TNT metabolism ...

    Abstract Plants, as predominantly sessile organisms, have evolved complex detoxification pathways to deal with a diverse range of toxic chemicals. The elasticity of this stress response system additionally enables them to tackle relatively recently produced, novel, synthetic pollutants. One such compound is the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). Large areas of soil and groundwater are contaminated with TNT, which is both highly toxic and recalcitrant to degradation, and persists in the environment for decades. Although TNT is phytotoxic, plants are able to tolerate low levels of the compound. To identify the genes involved in this detoxification process, we used microarray analysis and then subsequently characterized seven uridine diphosphate (UDP) glycosyltransferases (UGTs) from Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis). Six of the recombinantly expressed UGTs conjugated the TNT-transformation products 2- and 4-hydroxylaminodinitrotoulene, exhibiting individual bias for either the 2- or the 4-isomer. For both 2- and 4-hydroxylaminodinitrotoulene substrates, two monoglucose conjugate products, confirmed by HPLC-MS-MS, were observed. Further analysis indicated that these were conjugated by either an O- or C-glucosidic bond. The other major compounds in TNT metabolism, aminodinitrotoluenes, were also conjugated by the UGTs, but to a lesser extent. These conjugates were also identified in extracts and media from Arabidopsis plants grown in liquid culture containing TNT. Overexpression of two of these UGTs, 743B4 and 73C1, in Arabidopsis resulted in increases in conjugate production, and enhanced root growth in 74B4 overexpression seedlings. Our results show that UGTs play an integral role in the biochemical mechanism of TNT detoxification by plants.
    MeSH term(s) Arabidopsis/enzymology ; Arabidopsis/genetics ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics ; Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Explosive Agents/metabolism ; Glucosyltransferases/genetics ; Glucosyltransferases/metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Plants, Genetically Modified/enzymology ; Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics ; RNA, Plant/metabolism ; Soil Pollutants/metabolism ; Trinitrotoluene/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Arabidopsis Proteins ; Explosive Agents ; RNA, Plant ; Soil Pollutants ; Trinitrotoluene (118-96-7) ; Glucosyltransferases (EC 2.4.1.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1088037-9
    ISSN 1365-313X ; 0960-7412
    ISSN (online) 1365-313X
    ISSN 0960-7412
    DOI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03653.x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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