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Book ; Online: Current and Future Aspects of Nanomedicine

Ahmed Hamed Khalil, Islam

2020

Keywords	Biomedical engineering
Size	1 electronic resource (142 pages)
Publisher	IntechOpen
Document type	Book ; Online
Note	English ; Open Access
HBZ-ID	HT021046506
ISBN	9781789844382 ; 178984438X
Database	ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article ; Online: Reply.

Souter, V L / Painter, I / Khalil, A

Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

2024 Volume 63, Issue 4, Page(s) 572–573

Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	1073183-0
ISSN	1469-0705 ; 0960-7692
ISSN (online)	1469-0705
ISSN	0960-7692
DOI	10.1002/uog.27631
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Article ; Online: Cooperation transitions in social games induced by aspiration-driven players.

Aguilar-Janita, M / Khalil, N / Leyva, I / Sendiña-Nadal, I

Physical review. E

2024 Volume 109, Issue 2-1, Page(s) 24107

Abstract: Cooperation and defection are social traits whose evolutionary origin is still unresolved. Recent behavioral experiments with humans suggested that strategy changes are driven mainly by the individuals' expectations and not by imitation. This work ... ...

Abstract	Cooperation and defection are social traits whose evolutionary origin is still unresolved. Recent behavioral experiments with humans suggested that strategy changes are driven mainly by the individuals' expectations and not by imitation. This work theoretically analyzes and numerically explores an aspiration-driven strategy updating in a well-mixed population playing games. The payoffs of the game matrix and the aspiration are condensed into just two parameters that allow a comprehensive description of the dynamics. We find continuous and abrupt transitions in the cooperation density with excellent agreement between theory and the Gillespie simulations. Under strong selection, the system can display several levels of steady cooperation or get trapped into absorbing states. These states are still relevant for experiments even when irrational choices are made due to their prolonged relaxation times. Finally, we show that for the particular case of the prisoner dilemma, where defection is the dominant strategy under imitation mechanisms, the self-evaluation update instead favors cooperation nonlinearly with the level of aspiration. Thus, our work provides insights into the distinct role between imitation and self-evaluation with no learning dynamics.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Game Theory ; Cooperative Behavior ; Biological Evolution ; Prisoner Dilemma ; Learning
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2844562-4
ISSN	2470-0053 ; 2470-0045
ISSN (online)	2470-0053
ISSN	2470-0045
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevE.109.024107
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Evaluation of the efficacy of horizontal distraction osteogenesis using expansion screws in the repair of the acquired jaw bone defects.

Haddad, Ibrahim / Khalil, Ali

Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)

2023 Volume 85, Issue 8, Page(s) 3938–3942

Abstract: Restoration of the segmental defects of the maxilla presents a reconstructive dare to obtain a perfect osseous form and height. A variety of prosthetic and surgical bone grafts exists, that produces less than optimal results. Bone transport distraction ... ...

Abstract	Restoration of the segmental defects of the maxilla presents a reconstructive dare to obtain a perfect osseous form and height. A variety of prosthetic and surgical bone grafts exists, that produces less than optimal results. Bone transport distraction is a dependable procedure in several maxillofacial bone defects reconstruction techniques. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of horizontal distraction osteogenesis (DO) using expansion screws for the treatment of atrophic and deficient bone, which is caused by acquired malformations. Material and methods: A total of eight patients ( age 17-36 years) who came with atrophy of the maxilla were treated by horizontal DO. The used device consisted of two parts: one was an orthodontic expander and the other was a screw-ring. The expansion screws were set on the transport bone, which was osteotomized and fixed to the segments using microscrews. Radiographical documentation of the patients was obtained with cone beam computed tomography prior to the surgery and after 4 months of the distraction phase. Results: The average of the actual bone gain at the end of the consolidation period was 7 mm (range 5-9 mm). Intraoral DO failed in one patient. The average bone density in the distraction gap after 4 months of the DO was 460.40. The average bone density of the bone defect region after 4 months of the DO was 487.90. Conclusion: Our results confirm that horizontal DO using expansion screws is a predictable and effective regenerative procedure for patients with acquired bone defects in the jaw.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2745440-X
ISSN	2049-0801
ISSN	2049-0801
DOI	10.1097/MS9.0000000000000983
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Implant Surface Topography Following Different Laser Treatments: An In Vitro Study.

Khalil, Marwa I / Sakr, Haitham

Cureus

2023 Volume 15, Issue 5, Page(s) e38731

Abstract: Background Although dental implants have demonstrated very high success rates, they are susceptible to complications such as peri-implantitis that can lead to failure. Methods Twenty implants with surfaces grit-blasted using hydroxyapatite and acid- ... ...

Abstract	Background Although dental implants have demonstrated very high success rates, they are susceptible to complications such as peri-implantitis that can lead to failure. Methods Twenty implants with surfaces grit-blasted using hydroxyapatite and acid-etched were randomly divided into four groups (five in each group). Three groups were assigned to laser treatments: Group I (erbium, chromium-doped: yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser), Group II (650-nm diode laser), and Group III (808-nm diode), and one control group, Group IV. The surface roughness parameters (roughness average(Ra) and root mean square roughness(Rq)) were measured using a non-contact optical profilometer and scanning electron microscope to evaluate the surface topography after the laser treatments. Results Significant differences were observed between the laser groups regarding the surface roughness Ra (3.56±0.26, 3.45±0.19, 3.77±0.42, p
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.38731
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Cellulite: An Update on Pathogenesis and Management.

Khalil, Samar / Galadari, Hassan I

Dermatologic clinics

2023 Volume 42, Issue 1, Page(s) 129–137

Abstract: Cellulite is a common cosmetic concern among postpubertal women. Despite its high prevalence, there have been only a few high-quality studies assessing its exact prevalence, risk factors, and pathophysiologic mechanisms. It has been difficult to achieve ... ...

Abstract	Cellulite is a common cosmetic concern among postpubertal women. Despite its high prevalence, there have been only a few high-quality studies assessing its exact prevalence, risk factors, and pathophysiologic mechanisms. It has been difficult to achieve long-lasting results with the available treatments, including topical agents, energy-based devices, subcision, and injectables. In this review, the authors summarize the proposed etiologic factors, grading scales, and treatment options. Further well-designed studies are essential to improve our knowledge of the condition and lead to improved treatment strategies.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Cellulite/etiology ; Cellulite/therapy ; Cosmetic Techniques/adverse effects ; Cosmetics ; Risk Factors ; Adipose Tissue
Chemical Substances	Cosmetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	82798-8
ISSN	1558-0520 ; 0733-8635
ISSN (online)	1558-0520
ISSN	0733-8635
DOI	10.1016/j.det.2023.06.008
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Article ; Online: An Adaptive Black-Box Defense Against Trojan Attacks (TrojDef).

Liu, Guanxiong / Khreishah, Abdallah / Sharadgah, Fatima / Khalil, Issa

IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems

2024 Volume 35, Issue 4, Page(s) 5367–5381

Abstract: Trojan backdoor is a poisoning attack against neural network (NN) classifiers in which adversaries try to exploit the (highly desirable) model reuse property to implant Trojans into model parameters for backdoor breaches through a poisoned training ... ...

Abstract	Trojan backdoor is a poisoning attack against neural network (NN) classifiers in which adversaries try to exploit the (highly desirable) model reuse property to implant Trojans into model parameters for backdoor breaches through a poisoned training process. To misclassify an input to a target class, the attacker activates the backdoor by augmenting the input with a predefined trigger that is only known to her/him. Most of the proposed defenses against Trojan attacks assume a white-box setup, in which the defender either has access to the inner state of NN or is able to run backpropagation through it. In this work, we propose a more practical black-box defense, dubbed TrojDef. In a black-box setup, the defender can only run forward-pass of the NN. TrojDef is motivated by the Trojan poisoned training, in which the model is trained on both benign and Trojan inputs. TrojDef tries to identify and filter out Trojan inputs (i.e., inputs augmented with the Trojan trigger) by monitoring the changes in the prediction confidence when the input is repeatedly perturbed by random noise. We derive a function based on the prediction outputs which is called the prediction confidence bound to decide whether the input example is Trojan or not. The intuition is that Trojan inputs are more stable as the misclassification only depends on the trigger, while benign inputs will suffer when augmented with noise due to the perturbation of the classification features. Through mathematical analysis, we show that if the attacker is perfect in injecting the backdoor, the Trojan infected model will be trained to learn the appropriate prediction confidence bound, which is used to distinguish Trojan and benign inputs under arbitrary perturbations. However, because the attacker might not be perfect in injecting the backdoor, we introduce a nonlinear transform to the prediction confidence bound to improve the detection accuracy in practical settings. Extensive empirical evaluations show that TrojDef significantly outperforms the-state-of-the-art defenses and is highly stable under different settings, even when the classifier architecture, the training process, or the hyperparameters change.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2162-2388
ISSN (online)	2162-2388
DOI	10.1109/TNNLS.2022.3204283
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Contribution of plant-based dairy and fish alternatives to iodine nutrition in the Swiss diet: a Swiss Market Survey.

Khalil, Zulekha Abbas / Herter-Aeberli, Isabelle

European journal of nutrition

2024

Abstract: Purpose: With dairy products and fish being major sources of iodine in Switzerland, the growing popularity of plant-based alternatives may impact iodine nutrition. This study aimed to assess the iodine content in plant-based dairy and fish alternatives ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: With dairy products and fish being major sources of iodine in Switzerland, the growing popularity of plant-based alternatives may impact iodine nutrition. This study aimed to assess the iodine content in plant-based dairy and fish alternatives available in the Swiss market and compare them with conventional products. Methods: In 2022, a market survey was conducted in Zurich, Switzerland, to identify the plant-based dairy and fish alternatives available and assess their iodine content. To evaluate the impact of plant-based alternatives on iodine consumption in Switzerland, we modeled dietary scenarios by substituting the intake of dairy and fish items with plant-based alternatives. In addition, we investigated fortification with calcium, vitamins B2, B12, and D. Results: Out of 477 identified products, only four milk-alternative products were iodine fortified (median iodine concentration: 22.5 μg/100 ml). The median iodine concentration in unfortified plant-based alternatives was negligible compared to conventional dairy and fish products (milk: 0.21 vs 9.5 μg/100 ml; yogurt 0.36 vs 6.1 μg/100 g; cheese: 0.10 vs 20 μg/100 g; fish 0.50 vs 44 μg/100 g). Three portions of dairy per day as recommended by the Swiss Food Pyramid provide 25% of the RDA for iodine (150 μg/day), whereas substituting those with unfortified alternatives provides only 0.7% of the RDA. Conclusion: Only four out of 477 plant-based alternative products are iodine fortified in the Swiss market. Thus, the risk for consumers to miss out on the ca. 25% of the RDA for iodine by consuming plant-based alternatives is high, placing them at a risk for inadequate iodine intake.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-07
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1466536-0
ISSN	1436-6215 ; 1436-6207
ISSN (online)	1436-6215
ISSN	1436-6207
DOI	10.1007/s00394-024-03339-5
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Propensity score analysis of low-dose aspirin and bleeding complications in pregnancy.

Souter, V / Painter, I / Sitcov, K / Khalil, A

Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

2023 Volume 63, Issue 1, Page(s) 81–87

Abstract: Objective: Low-dose aspirin (LDA) has been shown to reduce the risk of preterm pre-eclampsia and it has been suggested that it should be recommended for all pregnancies. However, some studies have reported an association between LDA and an increased ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Low-dose aspirin (LDA) has been shown to reduce the risk of preterm pre-eclampsia and it has been suggested that it should be recommended for all pregnancies. However, some studies have reported an association between LDA and an increased risk of bleeding complications in pregnancy. Our aim was to evaluate the risk of placental abruption and postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in patients for whom their healthcare provider had recommended prophylactic aspirin. Methods: This multicenter cohort study included 72 598 singleton births at 19 hospitals in the USA, between January 2019 and December 2021. Pregnancies complicated by placenta previa/accreta, birth occurring at less than 24 weeks' gestation, multiple pregnancy or those with data missing for aspirin recommendation were excluded. Propensity scores were calculated using 20 features spanning sociodemographic factors, medical history, year and hospital providing care. The association between LDA recommendation and placental abruption or PPH was estimated by inverse-probability treatment weighting using the propensity scores. Results: We included 71 627 pregnancies in the final analysis. Aspirin was recommended to 6677 (9.3%) and was more likely to be recommended for pregnant individuals who were 35 years or older (P < 0.001), had a body mass index of 30 kg/m Conclusions: LDA recommendation in pregnancy was associated with increased risk for placental abruption and for PPH. Our results support the need for more research into aspirin use and bleeding complications in pregnancy before recommending it beyond the highest-risk pregnancies. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
MeSH term(s)	Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Humans ; Female ; Abruptio Placentae/chemically induced ; Abruptio Placentae/epidemiology ; Pre-Eclampsia/prevention & control ; Cohort Studies ; Propensity Score ; Placenta ; Aspirin/adverse effects ; Postpartum Hemorrhage/chemically induced ; Postpartum Hemorrhage/epidemiology ; Postpartum Hemorrhage/prevention & control ; Pregnancy Complications/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Aspirin (R16CO5Y76E)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Multicenter Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1073183-0
ISSN	1469-0705 ; 0960-7692
ISSN (online)	1469-0705
ISSN	0960-7692
DOI	10.1002/uog.27472
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Article ; Online: Deterministic and stochastic cooperation transitions in evolutionary games on networks.

Khalil, Nagi / Leyva, I / Almendral, J A / Sendiña-Nadal, I

Physical review. E

2023 Volume 107, Issue 5-1, Page(s) 54302

Abstract: Although the cooperative dynamics emerging from a network of interacting players has been exhaustively investigated, it is not yet fully understood when and how network reciprocity drives cooperation transitions. In this work, we investigate the critical ...

Abstract	Although the cooperative dynamics emerging from a network of interacting players has been exhaustively investigated, it is not yet fully understood when and how network reciprocity drives cooperation transitions. In this work, we investigate the critical behavior of evolutionary social dilemmas on structured populations by using the framework of master equations and Monte Carlo simulations. The developed theory describes the existence of absorbing, quasiabsorbing, and mixed strategy states and the transition nature, continuous or discontinuous, between the states as the parameters of the system change. In particular, when the decision-making process is deterministic, in the limit of zero effective temperature of the Fermi function, we find that the copying probabilities are discontinuous functions of the system's parameters and of the network degrees sequence. This may induce abrupt changes in the final state for any system size, in excellent agreement with the Monte Carlo simulation results. Our analysis also reveals the existence of continuous and discontinuous phase transitions for large systems as the temperature increases, which is explained in the mean-field approximation. Interestingly, for some game parameters, we find optimal "social temperatures" maximizing or minimizing the cooperation frequency or density.
MeSH term(s)	Cooperative Behavior ; Game Theory ; Computer Simulation ; Biological Evolution ; Monte Carlo Method
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2844562-4
ISSN	2470-0053 ; 2470-0045
ISSN (online)	2470-0053
ISSN	2470-0045
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevE.107.054302
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