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Article ; Online: Racial differences in attenuated psychotic symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic.

James, Sydney H / Strauss, Gregory P

2023 Volume 18, Issue 2, Page(s) 165–169

Abstract: Aim: Rates of attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS) have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, it is unclear whether this is most evident among individuals from marginalized racial groups.: Methods: The current study evaluated APS screening ... ...

Abstract	Aim: Rates of attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS) have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, it is unclear whether this is most evident among individuals from marginalized racial groups. Methods: The current study evaluated APS screening data across a six-year period in the state of Georgia in the United States, spanning several years prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic to evaluate interactions between time and race. Participants included 435 clinical help-seeking individuals. Results: The rate of individuals scoring above the APS screening cut-off was higher during the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic (41% vs 23%). This pandemic-related increase in APS was significant for Black, but not White or Asian participants. Conclusions: Findings indicate APS are increasing during the COVID-19 pandemic among clinical help-seeking populations. Black individuals may be at greater risk for developing a psychotic disorder during the pandemic, suggesting increased need for screening, mental health monitoring, and treatment.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; United States/epidemiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Race Factors ; Psychotic Disorders/diagnosis ; Psychotic Disorders/epidemiology ; Psychotic Disorders/psychology ; Mental Health
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-11
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2272425-4
ISSN	1751-7893 ; 1751-7885
ISSN (online)	1751-7893
ISSN	1751-7885
DOI	10.1111/eip.13451
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Environmental resource reductions predict greater severity of negative symptoms in schizophrenia.

Zhang, Luyu / James, Sydney H / Strauss, Gregory P

Schizophrenia research

2023 Volume 261, Page(s) 94–99

Abstract: No pharmacological or psychosocial interventions effectively treat negative symptoms in schizophrenia (SZ), despite the identification of biological and psychological mechanistic targets. Limited treatment progress may result from failure to account for ... ...

Abstract	No pharmacological or psychosocial interventions effectively treat negative symptoms in schizophrenia (SZ), despite the identification of biological and psychological mechanistic targets. Limited treatment progress may result from failure to account for non-person-level environmental factors that present barriers to performing recreational, social, and goal-directed activities. The bioecosystem model of negative symptoms proposes that four interactive ecosystems (i.e. microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem) influence person-level factors (e.g., dysfunctional beliefs, glutamate, cortico-striatal functioning) to initiate and maintain negative symptoms. The current study tested this hypothesis by examining whether indirect environmental factors (e.g., access to resources for performing activities in the built environment) were associated with dysfunctional beliefs (defeatist performance, asocial, anhedonic) and negative symptoms (anhedonia, avolition, asociality). Self-reports of indirect environmental factors (i.e., the built environment), dysfunctional beliefs, and negative symptoms were collected from 31 individuals with SZ and 29 matched healthy controls. Mediation analyses were conducted with dysfunctional beliefs as the predictor, indirect environmental factors as mediator, and negative symptoms as the outcome. Individuals with SZ reported reduced access to environmental resources for performing recreational, goal-directed, and social activities; these reductions were associated with greater negative symptom severity. Mediation analyses indicated that the effect of dysfunctional beliefs on negative symptoms was mediated by participants' satisfaction with resources for performing activities in their environment. These findings suggest that psychosocial treatments could be augmented to not only target dysfunctional beliefs, but also environmental processes that lead these beliefs to emerge and contribute to negative symptoms.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Schizophrenia/complications ; Ecosystem ; Social Behavior ; Self Report ; Motivation
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-14
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	639422-x
ISSN	1573-2509 ; 0920-9964
ISSN (online)	1573-2509
ISSN	0920-9964
DOI	10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.013
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Book: Viruses and human disease

Strauss, James H. / Strauss, Ellen G.

2008

Author's details	James H. Strauss ; Ellen G. Strauss
Keywords	Viruses / classification ; Virus Diseases ; Virologie
Language	English
Size	VII, 468 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
Edition	2. ed.
Publisher	Elsevier Acad. Press
Publishing place	Amsterdam u.a.
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Book
HBZ-ID	HT015260137
ISBN	0-12-373741-9 ; 978-0-12-373741-0
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Article: Beliefs About the Uncontrollability and Usefulness of Emotion in the Schizophrenia-Spectrum: Links to Emotion Regulation and Negative Symptoms.

Berglund, Alysia M / James, Sydney H / Raugh, Ian M / Strauss, Gregory P

Cognitive therapy and research

2023 Volume 47, Issue 2, Page(s) 282–294

Abstract: Background: Beliefs about the usefulness and controllability of emotions are associated with emotion regulation and psychological distress in the general population. Although individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders evidence emotion regulation ... ...

Abstract	Background: Beliefs about the usefulness and controllability of emotions are associated with emotion regulation and psychological distress in the general population. Although individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders evidence emotion regulation abnormalities, it is unclear whether emotional beliefs contribute to these difficulties and their associated poor clinical outcomes. Methods: Participants included 72 individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum diagnoses (outpatients with schizophrenia n = 38; youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis, n = 34) and healthy controls (CN: n = 61) who completed the Emotional Beliefs Questionnaire, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and measures of clinical symptom severity. Results: Those with schizophrenia-spectrum diagnoses reported believing that emotions were less controllable than CN; however, groups did not differ regarding beliefs about the usefulness of emotion. Greater beliefs of the uncontrollability of emotion were associated with greater use of suppression, less use of reappraisal, and increased negative symptoms. Emotion regulation partially mediated the association between emotional beliefs and negative symptoms. Conclusions: Individuals in the schizophrenia-spectrum display superordinate beliefs that emotions are uncontrollable. These beliefs may influence emotion regulation strategy selection and success, which contributes to negative symptoms. Findings suggest that beliefs of emotional uncontrollability reflect a novel process related to both emotion regulation and negative symptoms that could be targeted in psychosocial treatments. Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10608-023-10357-w.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	282402-4
ISSN	1573-2819 ; 0147-5916
ISSN (online)	1573-2819
ISSN	0147-5916
DOI	10.1007/s10608-023-10357-w
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Article ; Online: Deconstructing emotion regulation in schizophrenia: The nature of abnormalities at the selection and implementation stages.

Raugh, Ian M / Bartolomeo, Lisa A / Zhang, Luyu / James, Sydney H / Strauss, Gregory P

Journal of psychopathology and clinical science

2023 Volume 132, Issue 7, Page(s) 908–920

Abstract: Difficulties with emotion regulation are observed across psychiatric diagnoses, including psychotic disorders. Past studies using trait self-report indicate that people with schizophrenia (SZ) are less likely to use adaptive emotion regulation strategies ...

Abstract	Difficulties with emotion regulation are observed across psychiatric diagnoses, including psychotic disorders. Past studies using trait self-report indicate that people with schizophrenia (SZ) are less likely to use adaptive emotion regulation strategies and more likely to use maladaptive emotion regulation strategies than controls (CN). However, more recent evidence using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) indicates that regulation effectiveness and adaptiveness may vary across strategies. The present study aimed to systematically understand abnormalities in state-level emotion regulation strategy selection, effectiveness, and adaptiveness in SZ compared to CN using EMA. Participants (
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3121059-4
ISSN	2769-755X
ISSN (online)	2769-755X
DOI	10.1037/abn0000852
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Article ; Online: Discrepancies between ideal and actual affect in schizophrenia: Implications for understanding negative symptoms.

James, Sydney H / Berglund, Alysia / Chang, Wing Chung / Strauss, Gregory P

Journal of psychiatric research

2022 Volume 155, Page(s) 313–319

Abstract: Anhedonia is a core symptom of schizophrenia (SZ). However, psychological mechanisms underlying anhedonia are unclear, making it difficult to develop personalized psychosocial treatments. The current study explored the novel hypothesis that anhedonia is ... ...

Abstract	Anhedonia is a core symptom of schizophrenia (SZ). However, psychological mechanisms underlying anhedonia are unclear, making it difficult to develop personalized psychosocial treatments. The current study explored the novel hypothesis that anhedonia is driven by discrepancies between ideal and actual affect (i.e., how positive or negative someone wants to feel compared to how they do feel), which impact the frequency of recreational, goal-directed, and social behaviors. Participants included 32 outpatients with SZ and 29 healthy controls (CN) who completed the Affect Valuation Index and measures of negative symptom severity. Results indicated that individuals with SZ displayed greater positive and negative emotion discrepancy scores than CN, suggesting that they strongly desire to feel more positive and less negative in the future than they actually do. Additionally, greater ideal relative to actual positive and negative affect was associated with greater severity of anhedonia, avolition, and asociality. The discrepancy between ideal and actual affective states may be demotivating, leading individuals with SZ to develop dysfunctional beliefs after repeated experiences of failing to achieve their desired emotional goal state. These findings suggest that ideal affect may be a novel psychological mechanism underlying negative symptoms that could be targeted in psychosocial treatments.
MeSH term(s)	Anhedonia ; Emotions ; Humans ; Schizophrenia ; Schizophrenic Psychology ; Social Behavior
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3148-3
ISSN	1879-1379 ; 0022-3956
ISSN (online)	1879-1379
ISSN	0022-3956
DOI	10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.09.024
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Book: Viruses and human disease

Strauss, James H. / Strauss, Ellen G.

2002

Author's details	James H. Strauss ; Ellen G. Strauss
Keywords	Virologie
Language	English
Size	VII, 383 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
Publisher	Academic Press
Publishing place	San Diego u.a.
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Book
HBZ-ID	HT013294108
ISBN	0-12-673050-4 ; 978-0-12-673050-0
Database	Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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Article ; Online: The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on hallucinations and delusions in youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis and outpatients with schizophrenia.

Berglund, Alysia M / Raugh, Ian M / Macdonald, Kelsey I / James, Sydney H / Bartolomeo, Lisa A / Knippenberg, Anna R / Strauss, Gregory P

European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience

2023 Volume 273, Issue 6, Page(s) 1329–1338

Abstract: Although the COVID-19 pandemic has had detrimental effects on mental health in the general population, the impact on those with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders has received relatively little attention. Assessing pandemic-related changes in positive ... ...

Abstract	Although the COVID-19 pandemic has had detrimental effects on mental health in the general population, the impact on those with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders has received relatively little attention. Assessing pandemic-related changes in positive symptoms is particularly critical to inform treatment protocols and determine whether fluctuations in hallucinations and delusions are related to telehealth utilization and treatment adherence. In the current longitudinal study, we evaluated changes in the frequency of hallucinations and delusions and distress resulting from them across three-time points. Participants included: (1) outpatients with chronic schizophrenia (SZ: n = 32) and healthy controls (CN: n = 31); (2) individuals at clinically high risk for psychosis (CHR: n = 25) and CN (n = 30). A series of questionnaires were administered to assess hallucination and delusion severity, medication adherence, telehealth utilization, and protective factors during the pandemic. While there were no significant increases in the frequency of hallucinations and delusions in SZ and CHR, distress increased from pre-pandemic to early pandemic in both groups and then decreased at the third time point. Additionally, changes in positive symptom severity in SZ were related to psychiatric medication adherence. Findings suggest that positive symptoms are a critical treatment target during the pandemic and that ongoing medication services will be beneficial.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Adolescent ; Schizophrenia/complications ; Schizophrenia/epidemiology ; Schizophrenia/diagnosis ; Delusions/epidemiology ; Delusions/etiology ; Delusions/diagnosis ; Pandemics ; Longitudinal Studies ; Outpatients ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Psychotic Disorders/drug therapy ; Psychotic Disorders/epidemiology ; Psychotic Disorders/psychology ; Hallucinations/epidemiology ; Hallucinations/etiology ; Hallucinations/diagnosis
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-21
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1045583-8
ISSN	1433-8491 ; 0175-758X ; 0940-1334
ISSN (online)	1433-8491
ISSN	0175-758X ; 0940-1334
DOI	10.1007/s00406-023-01551-8
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Article ; Online: The association between early traumatic experiences and the five domains of negative symptoms in participants at clinical high risk for psychosis.

Ayawvi, Gifty / Berglund, Alysia M / James, Sydney H / Luther, Lauren / Walker, Elaine F / Mittal, Vijay A / Strauss, Gregory P

Early intervention in psychiatry

2023 Volume 17, Issue 11, Page(s) 1131–1135

Abstract: Aim: Youth at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis have high rates of early life trauma, but it is unclear how trauma exposure impacts later negative symptom severity in CHR. The current study examined the association between early childhood trauma ... ...

Abstract	Aim: Youth at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis have high rates of early life trauma, but it is unclear how trauma exposure impacts later negative symptom severity in CHR. The current study examined the association between early childhood trauma and the five domains of negative symptoms (anhedonia, avolition, asociality, blunted affect, alogia). Method: Eighty nine participants completed interviewer-rated measures of childhood trauma and abuse experienced before age 16, psychosis risk, and negative symptoms. Results: Higher global negative symptom severity was associated with greater exposure to childhood psychological bullying, physical bullying, emotional neglect, psychological abuse, and physical abuse. Greater severity of avolition and asociality was associated with physical bullying. Greater severity of avolition was associated with emotional neglect. Conclusion: Early adversity and childhood trauma is associated with negative symptoms during adolescence and early adulthood among participants at CHR for psychosis.
MeSH term(s)	Child, Preschool ; Adolescent ; Humans ; Child ; Adult ; Adult Survivors of Child Abuse/psychology ; Psychotic Disorders/psychology ; Child Abuse/psychology ; Mood Disorders ; Anhedonia
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-11
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2272425-4
ISSN	1751-7893 ; 1751-7885
ISSN (online)	1751-7893
ISSN	1751-7885
DOI	10.1111/eip.13418
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Article ; Online: Shorter fixation durations for up-directed saccades during saccadic exploration: A meta-analysis.

Greene, Harold H / Brown, James M / Strauss, Gregory P

Journal of eye movement research

2020 Volume 12, Issue 8

Abstract: Utilizing 23 datasets, we report a meta-analysis of an asymmetry in presaccadic fixation durations for saccades directed above and below eye fixation during saccadic exploration. For inclusion in the meta-analysis, saccadic exploration of complex visual ... ...

Abstract	Utilizing 23 datasets, we report a meta-analysis of an asymmetry in presaccadic fixation durations for saccades directed above and below eye fixation during saccadic exploration. For inclusion in the meta-analysis, saccadic exploration of complex visual displays had to have been made without gaze-contingent manipulations. Effect sizes for the asymmetry were quantified as Hedge's g. Pooled effect sizes indicated significant asymmetries such that during saccadic exploration in a variety of tasks, presaccadic fixation durations for saccades directed into the upper visual field were reliably shorter than presaccadic fixation durations for saccades into the lower visual field. It is contended that the asymmetry is robust and important for efforts aimed at modelling when a saccade is initiated as a function of ensuing saccade direction.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2578662-3
ISSN	1995-8692 ; 1995-8692
ISSN (online)	1995-8692
ISSN	1995-8692
DOI	10.16910/jemr.12.8.5
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