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  1. Article ; Online: A Unified Framework for Investigating Aperiodic and Periodic Components in the Hearbeat Dynamics Spectrum: a Feasibility Study.

    Catrambone, Vincenzo / Valenza, Gaetano

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference

    2023  Volume 2023, Page(s) 1–4

    Abstract: ... concentrate on only one component. On the one hand, there are models based on self-similarity and 1/f behavior ...

    Abstract Heart Rate Variability (HRV) series is a widely used, non-invasive, and easy-to-acquire time-resolved signal for evaluating autonomic control on cardiovascular activity. Despite the recognition that heartbeat dynamics contains both periodic and aperiodic components, the majority of HRV modeling studies concentrate on only one component. On the one hand, there are models based on self-similarity and 1/f behavior that focus on the aperiodic component; on the other hand, there is the conventional division of the spectral domain into narrow-band oscillations, which considers HRV as a combination of periodic components. Taking inspiration from a recent parametrization of EEG power spectra, here we evaluate the applicability of a unified modeling framework to quantitatively assess heartbeat dynamics spectra as a mixture of aperiodic and periodic components. The proposed model is applied on publicly-available, real HRV series collected during postural changes from 10 healthy subjects. Results show that the proposed modeling effectively characterizes different experimental conditions and may complement HRV standard analysis defined in the frequency domain.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Feasibility Studies ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Heart ; Cardiovascular System ; Heart Rate/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2694-0604
    ISSN (online) 2694-0604
    DOI 10.1109/EMBC40787.2023.10340558
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Restoring bottom-up communication in brain-heart interplay after trauma-focused psychotherapy in breast cancer patients with post-traumatic stress disorder.

    Malandrone, F / Catrambone, V / Carletto, S / Rossini, P G / Coletti Moja, M / Oliva, F / Pagani, M / Valenza, G / Ostacoli, L

    Journal of affective disorders

    2024  Volume 351, Page(s) 143–150

    Abstract: Background: The psychological impact of breast cancer (BC) is substantial, with a significant number of patients (up to 32 %) experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Exploring the emotional aspects of PTSD through the functional brain-heart ... ...

    Abstract Background: The psychological impact of breast cancer (BC) is substantial, with a significant number of patients (up to 32 %) experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Exploring the emotional aspects of PTSD through the functional brain-heart interplay (BHI) offers valuable insights into the condition. BHI examines the functional interactions between cortical and sympathovagal dynamics. This study aims to investigate changes in functional directional BHI after trauma-focused (TF) psychotherapy, specifically Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), in comparison to treatment as usual (TAU) among BC patients with PTSD. To our knowledge, this study represents the first examination of such changes.
    Methods: We enrolled thirty BC patients who met the criteria for a PTSD diagnosis, with fourteen receiving EMDR and fifteen receiving TAU over a two- to three-month period. We analyzed changes in the emotional response during a script-driven imagery setting. Quantification of the functional interplay between EEG and sympathovagal dynamics was achieved using the synthetic data generation model (SDG) on electroencephalographic (EEG) and heartbeat series. Our focus was on the difference in the BHI index extracted at baseline and post-treatment.
    Results: We found statistically significant higher coupling in the heart-to-brain direction in patients treated with EMDR compared to controls. This suggests that the flow of information from the autonomic nervous system to the central nervous system is restored following EMDR-induced recovery from PTSD. Furthermore, we observed a significant correlation between improvements in PTSD symptoms and an increase in functional BHI after EMDR treatment.
    Conclusions: TF psychotherapy, particularly EMDR, appears to facilitate the restoration of the bottom-up flow of interoceptive information, which is dysfunctional in patients with PTSD. The application of BHI analysis to the study of PTSD not only aids in identifying biomarkers of the disorder but also enhances our understanding of the changes brought about by TF treatments.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/therapy ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology ; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ; Breast Neoplasms/therapy ; Psychotherapy ; Brain ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-27
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 135449-8
    ISSN 1573-2517 ; 0165-0327
    ISSN (online) 1573-2517
    ISSN 0165-0327
    DOI 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.172
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  3. Article ; Online: Immunotherapy for triple negative breast cancer: How can pathologic responses to experimental drugs in early-stage disease be enhanced?

    Giugliano, Federica / Valenza, Carmine / Tarantino, Paolo / Curigliano, Giuseppe

    Expert opinion on investigational drugs

    2022  Volume 31, Issue 8, Page(s) 855–874

    Abstract: Introduction: The treatment landscape of early triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has recently expanded after the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of pembrolizumab in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The addition of this immune ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: The treatment landscape of early triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has recently expanded after the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of pembrolizumab in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The addition of this immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) has shown significantly increased pathological complete response (pCR) rate and event-free survival (EFS) in the KEYNOTE-522 phase III trial. Several additional studies are ongoing with the goal of further improving the outcomes and achieving an optimal integration of ICIs in the treatment of TNBC.
    Areas covered: The article examines pCR and survival rates in TNBC. It appraises clinical trials investigating neoadjuvant ICIs for TNBC and the improvement of pCR rates (biomarker-driven escalation of treatment, optimization of chemotherapy backbone, and addition of locoregional treatments or innovative agents). Insights into the role of pCR as a surrogate endpoint and the possibility of enhancing pCR rates for women affected by early TNBC are offered.
    Expert opinion: The pharmacopoeia of early TNBC is growing and becoming more heterogeneous with the advent of ICIs; to enhance the clinical benefit of patients, it is necessary to develop response endpoints that consider the mechanism of action of experimental drugs, to optimize patient selection through validated biomarkers, and to compare the most promising treatment strategies in randomized clinical trials.
    MeSH term(s) Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Progression-Free Survival ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1182884-5
    ISSN 1744-7658 ; 0967-8298 ; 1354-3784
    ISSN (online) 1744-7658
    ISSN 0967-8298 ; 1354-3784
    DOI 10.1080/13543784.2022.2095260
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  4. Article ; Online: A comparison of accelerometric monitoring by TOF Watch® SX and electromyographic monitoring by Tetragraph® for recovery from neuromuscular blockade.

    Giudici, Giorgio / Piccioni, Federico / Proto, Paolo / Valenza, Franco

    Journal of clinical anesthesia

    2021  Volume 75, Page(s) 110481

    Abstract: Background: Neuromuscular monitoring has become a standard of care for management of anesthesia. While acceleromyography (AMG) is the most common technology used in clinical practice, guidelines suggest that electromyographic (EMG) devices are ideal for ...

    Abstract Background: Neuromuscular monitoring has become a standard of care for management of anesthesia. While acceleromyography (AMG) is the most common technology used in clinical practice, guidelines suggest that electromyographic (EMG) devices are ideal for quantitative neuromuscular monitoring. The Tetragraph® is an EMG monitor that has recently been marketed.
    Study objective: The aim of this study is to assess the agreement during recovery from neuromuscular blockade of this new monitor with the TOF Watch® SX, and to compare intraobserver variability for the two devices.
    Design: Single-center, prospective, observational clinical study.
    Setting: Operating room.
    Patients: Twenty-three patients were enrolled and twenty patients were included in the analysis.
    Intervention: A comparison of TOF-ratios measured sequentially from the same hand with the Tetragraph and TOF Watch SX was conducted during spontaneous recovery of neuromuscular function from patients that received rocuronium during surgery.
    Main outcome measures: We used Bland-Altman plots for repeated measures to compare TOF-ratios obtained sequentially by the two devices. Subsequent measures with the same device were used to calculate intraobserver variability for each monitor.
    Main results: The bias between AMG and EMG for TOF-ratios range between 0.2 and 1.0 was 0.13 (95% CI 0.08 to 0.18) and the limits of agreement (LoA) were - 0.11 (95% CI -0.20 to -0.06) and 0.37 (95% CI 0.32 to 0.46), respectively. Agreement slightly improved for TOF-ratios higher than 0.8 compared with lower TOF-ratios: the bias was 0.12 (95% CI 0.08 to 0.17) and 0.13 (95% CI 0.08 to 0.19), respectively. EMG relative intraobserver variability was lower compared with AMG (2.0%, IQR 0.0% to 4.5% vs. 3.2%, IQR 1.2% to 6.0%, P = 0.001).
    Conclusions: Bias between the TOF Watch SX and the Tetragraph TOF-ratios is in line with previous results for AMG and EMG monitors.
    MeSH term(s) Anesthesia Recovery Period ; Humans ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Neuromuscular Monitoring ; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents ; Prospective Studies
    Chemical Substances Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Observational Study
    ZDB-ID 1011618-7
    ISSN 1873-4529 ; 0952-8180
    ISSN (online) 1873-4529
    ISSN 0952-8180
    DOI 10.1016/j.jclinane.2021.110481
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  5. Article: Using Myofascial Therapy to Improve Psychological Outcomes, Quality of Life, and Sexual Function in Women with Chronic Pelvic Pain-A Case Series.

    Diaz-Mohedo, Esther / Hita-Contreras, Fidel / Castro-Martin, Eduardo / Pilat, Andrzej / Perez-Dominguez, Borja / Valenza-Peña, Geraldine

    Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)

    2024  Volume 12, Issue 3

    Abstract: 1) Background: Chronic pelvic pain represents a prevalent condition afflicting women. Research has highlighted the presence of psychological distress and sexual dysfunction in these individuals. Regrettably, myofascial pelvic pain often goes unnoticed ... ...

    Abstract (1) Background: Chronic pelvic pain represents a prevalent condition afflicting women. Research has highlighted the presence of psychological distress and sexual dysfunction in these individuals. Regrettably, myofascial pelvic pain often goes unnoticed and untreated despite its integral role in chronic pelvic pain. (2) Methods: By employing a longitudinal case series design, we studied eighteen women afflicted with chronic pelvic pain. Over a 12-week period, these participants underwent 15 sessions of myofascial therapy. Data encompassing sociodemographic particulars, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 12 questionnaire, and the Female Sexual Function Index were collected at baseline, 12 weeks post-intervention, and again at the 24-week mark. (3) Results: After a span of 12 weeks subsequent to the intervention, the participants demonstrated noteworthy enhancements (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-24
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2721009-1
    ISSN 2227-9032
    ISSN 2227-9032
    DOI 10.3390/healthcare12030304
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  6. Article ; Online: The Effect of Disease and Injury on Faecal Cortisol Metabolites, as an Indicator of Stress in Wild Hospitalised Koalas, Endangered Australian Marsupials.

    Santamaria, Flavia / Schlagloth, Rolf / Valenza, Ludovica / Palme, Rupert / de Villiers, Deidre / Henning, Joerg

    Veterinary sciences

    2023  Volume 10, Issue 1

    Abstract: Loss of habitat, urbanisation, climate change and its consequences are anthropogenic pressures that may cause stress in koalas. Non-invasive monitoring of faecal cortisol metabolites (FCMs) can be utilised to evaluate the impact of stressors. The aim was ...

    Abstract Loss of habitat, urbanisation, climate change and its consequences are anthropogenic pressures that may cause stress in koalas. Non-invasive monitoring of faecal cortisol metabolites (FCMs) can be utilised to evaluate the impact of stressors. The aim was to determine if the tetrahydrocorticosterone (50c) and cortisol enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) could be effective in measuring FCM values in wild, stressed koalas. This research included 146 koalas from the Australia Zoo Wildlife Hospital (AZWH) and 88 from a study conducted by Endeavour Veterinary Ecology (EVE), Queensland, Australia. Faecal samples of diseased, injured and control koalas were analysed. The effect of hospitalisation on FCM values was also investigated. Diseased and injured koalas had significantly higher FCM values than clinically healthy control animals as measured by the 50c EIA. FCM values with the cortisol EIA differed significantly between control and diseased koalas, but not between control and injured ones. Moreover, only the 50c EIA detected higher absolute values in males compared to females, and also found that females showed a more elevated response to stress manifested by injury and disease compared to males. The 50c EIA detected stress during hospitalisation better than the cortisol EIA. The cortisol EIA was also found unreliable in detecting stress in rehabilitated koalas treated with synthetic glucocorticoids as it cross-reacts with these steroids providing artificially high values.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-16
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2768971-2
    ISSN 2306-7381 ; 2306-7381
    ISSN (online) 2306-7381
    ISSN 2306-7381
    DOI 10.3390/vetsci10010065
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  7. Article ; Online: Linking vestibular, tactile, and somatosensory rhythm perception to language development in infancy.

    Russo, Sofia / Carnovalini, Filippo / Calignano, Giulia / Arfé, Barbara / Rodà, Antonio / Valenza, Eloisa

    Cognition

    2023  Volume 243, Page(s) 105688

    Abstract: First experiences with rhythm occur in the womb, with different rhythmic sources being available to the human fetus. Among sensory modalities, vestibular, tactile, and somatosensory perception plays a crucial role in early processing. However, a limited ... ...

    Abstract First experiences with rhythm occur in the womb, with different rhythmic sources being available to the human fetus. Among sensory modalities, vestibular, tactile, and somatosensory perception plays a crucial role in early processing. However, a limited number of studies so far have specifically focused on VTS rhythms in language development. The present work investigated VTS rhythmic abilities and their role in language acquisition through two experiments with 45 infants (21 females, sex assigned at birth; M age = 661.6 days, SD = 192.6) with middle/high socioeconomic status. Specifically, 37 infants from the original sample completed Experiment 1, assessing VTS rhythmic abilities through a vibrotactile tool for music perception. In Experiment 2, linguistic abilities were evaluated in 40 participants from the same cohort, specifically testing phonological and prosodic processing. Discrimination abilities for rhythmic and linguistic stimuli were inferred from changes in pupil diameter to contingent visual stimuli over time, through a Tobii X-60 eye-tracker. The predictive effect of VTS rhythmic abilities on linguistic processing and the developmental changes occurring across ages were explored in the 32 infants who completed both Experiments 1 and 2 by means of generalized, additive and linear, mixed-effect models. Results are discussed in terms of cross-sensory (i.e., haptic to hearing) and cross-domain (i.e., music to language) effects of rhythm on language acquisition, with implications for typical and atypical development.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Language Development ; Language ; Linguistics ; Hearing ; Music ; Perception
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-14
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1499940-7
    ISSN 1873-7838 ; 0010-0277
    ISSN (online) 1873-7838
    ISSN 0010-0277
    DOI 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105688
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  8. Article ; Online: Use of the Ventrain Ventilation Device and an Airway Exchange Catheter to Manage Hypoxemia During Thoracic Surgery and One-Lung Ventilation.

    Piccioni, F / Caccioppola, A / Rosboch, G L / Templeton, W / Valenza, F

    Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia

    2021  Volume 35, Issue 12, Page(s) 3844–3845

    MeSH term(s) Catheters ; Humans ; Hypoxia/etiology ; Hypoxia/therapy ; One-Lung Ventilation/adverse effects ; Respiration, Artificial/adverse effects ; Thoracic Surgery
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 1067317-9
    ISSN 1532-8422 ; 1053-0770
    ISSN (online) 1532-8422
    ISSN 1053-0770
    DOI 10.1053/j.jvca.2021.06.023
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  9. Article ; Online: Cardiac sympathetic-vagal activity initiates a functional brain-body response to emotional arousal.

    Candia-Rivera, Diego / Catrambone, Vincenzo / Thayer, Julian F / Gentili, Claudio / Valenza, Gaetano

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2022  Volume 119, Issue 21, Page(s) e2119599119

    Abstract: A century-long debate on bodily states and emotions persists. While the involvement of bodily activity in emotion physiology is widely recognized, the specificity and causal role of such activity related to brain dynamics has not yet been demonstrated. ... ...

    Abstract A century-long debate on bodily states and emotions persists. While the involvement of bodily activity in emotion physiology is widely recognized, the specificity and causal role of such activity related to brain dynamics has not yet been demonstrated. We hypothesize that the peripheral neural control on cardiovascular activity prompts and sustains brain dynamics during an emotional experience, so these afferent inputs are processed by the brain by triggering a concurrent efferent information transfer to the body. To this end, we investigated the functional brain–heart interplay under emotion elicitation in publicly available data from 62 healthy subjects using a computational model based on synthetic data generation of electroencephalography and electrocardiography signals. Our findings show that sympathovagal activity plays a leading and causal role in initiating the emotional response, in which ascending modulations from vagal activity precede neural dynamics and correlate to the reported level of arousal. The subsequent dynamic interplay observed between the central and autonomic nervous systems sustains the processing of emotional arousal. These findings should be particularly revealing for the psychophysiology and neuroscience of emotions.
    MeSH term(s) Arousal/physiology ; Brain/physiology ; Electroencephalography ; Emotions/physiology ; Heart/innervation ; Heart Rate/physiology ; Humans ; Vagus Nerve/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.2119599119
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  10. Article ; Online: Ultrasonic study of water adsorbed in nanoporous glasses.

    Ogbebor, Jason / Valenza, John J / Ravikovitch, Peter I / Karunarathne, Ashoka / Muraro, Giovanni / Lebedev, Maxim / Gurevich, Boris / Khalizov, Alexei F / Gor, Gennady Y

    Physical review. E

    2023  Volume 108, Issue 2-1, Page(s) 24802

    Abstract: Thermodynamic properties of fluids confined in nanopores differ from those observed in the bulk. To investigate the effect of nanoconfinement on water compressibility, we perform water sorption experiments on two nanoporous glass samples while ... ...

    Abstract Thermodynamic properties of fluids confined in nanopores differ from those observed in the bulk. To investigate the effect of nanoconfinement on water compressibility, we perform water sorption experiments on two nanoporous glass samples while concomitantly measuring the speed of longitudinal and shear ultrasonic waves in these samples. These measurements yield the longitudinal and shear moduli of the water-laden nanoporous glass as a function of relative humidity that we utilize in the Gassmann theory to infer the bulk modulus of the confined water. This analysis shows that the bulk modulus (inverse of compressibility) of confined water is noticeably higher than that of the bulk water at the same temperature. Moreover, the modulus exhibits a linear dependence on the Laplace pressure. The results for water, which is a polar fluid, agree with previous experimental and numerical data reported for nonpolar fluids. This similarity suggests that irrespective of intermolecular forces, confined fluids are stiffer than bulk fluids. Accounting for fluid stiffening in nanopores may be important for accurate interpretation of wave propagation measurements in fluid-filled nanoporous media, including in petrophysics, catalysis, and other applications, such as in porous materials characterization.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2844562-4
    ISSN 2470-0053 ; 2470-0045
    ISSN (online) 2470-0053
    ISSN 2470-0045
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevE.108.024802
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