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  1. Article: Population Neuroscience: Understanding Concepts of Generalizability and Transportability and Their Application to Improving the Public's Health.

    Keyes, Katherine M / Pakserian, Diana / Rudolph, Kara E / Salum, Giovanni / Stuart, Elizabeth A

    Current topics in behavioral neurosciences

    2024  

    Abstract: In population neuroscience, samples are not often selected with equal or known probability from an underlying population of interest; in other words, samples are not often formally representative of a specified underlying population. This chapter ... ...

    Abstract In population neuroscience, samples are not often selected with equal or known probability from an underlying population of interest; in other words, samples are not often formally representative of a specified underlying population. This chapter provides an overview of an epidemiological approach to considering the implications of selective participation on the value of our results for population health. We discuss definitions of generalizability and transportability, given the growing recognition that generalizability and transportability are central for interpreting data that are aiming to be population-based. We provide evidence that differences in the prevalence of effect measure modifiers between a study sample and a target population will lead to a lack of generalizability and transportability. We provide an example of an association between a poly-genetic risk score and depression, showing how an internally valid association can differ based on the prevalence of effect measure modifiers. We show that when estimating associations, inferences from a study sample to a population can depend on clearly defining a target population. Given that representative sampling from explicitly defined target populations may not be feasible or realistic in many situations, especially given the sample sizes needed for statistical power for many exposures of interest (and especially when interactions are being tested), researchers should be well versed in tools available to enhance the interpretability of samples regarding target populations.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-09
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1866-3370
    ISSN 1866-3370
    DOI 10.1007/7854_2024_465
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  2. Article: Youth mental health services: the right time for a global reach.

    Kieling, Christian / Salum, Giovanni A / Pan, Pedro M / Bressan, Rodrigo A

    World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA)

    2022  Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 86–87

    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-11
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2236130-3
    ISSN 2051-5545 ; 1723-8617
    ISSN (online) 2051-5545
    ISSN 1723-8617
    DOI 10.1002/wps.20933
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  3. Article ; Online: Editorial: Shifting the Landscape of Child Psychiatric Epidemiology.

    Merikangas, Kathleen Ries / Salum, Giovanni Abrahão

    Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

    2023  Volume 62, Issue 8, Page(s) 856–858

    Abstract: The results of recent surveys that show high levels of symptoms of anxiety and depression have generated widespread concern about the mental health of US youth. Although such increases and their causes require immediate action, these symptoms alone do ... ...

    Abstract The results of recent surveys that show high levels of symptoms of anxiety and depression have generated widespread concern about the mental health of US youth. Although such increases and their causes require immediate action, these symptoms alone do not indicate an epidemic of mental disorders in the US because they do not reflect mental disorders that are characterized by protracted duration and educational or social impairment. Unfortunately, there are no recent comparable data on the full range of common mental disorders. (e.g., Anxiety, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Major Depression, etc.) in nationally representative samples of US youth to provide a baseline for the reported increased distress in recent surveys. Therefore, we must rely on indirect information derived from surveys of subsets of symptoms and behaviors or of restricted age groups, and web-based samples with unknown biases and limited generalizability. This editorial describes how the findings from a recent report of prevalence of mental disorders in 9-10-year-old youths from the ABCD study can contribute to the national profile of mental disorders in youth. We highlight the need to address the lack of systematic data on youth emotional and behavioral disorders in the US through concerted efforts to coordinate the multi-agency sources of data on youth mental health. This will require harmonization of sampling and methods, informed application of internet-based tools based on systematic sampling and non-probability sampling methods and promotion of efforts to bridge the gap between population-based research and interventions at both the societal and individual levels.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Humans ; Child ; Mental Disorders/epidemiology ; Mental Health ; Anxiety Disorders ; Anxiety ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Prevalence
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 392535-3
    ISSN 1527-5418 ; 0890-8567
    ISSN (online) 1527-5418
    ISSN 0890-8567
    DOI 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.05.006
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  4. Article ; Online: Trajectories of positive attributes from childhood to young adulthood and its associations with threat and deprivation.

    Romani-Sponchiado, Aline / Damiano, Rodolfo Furlan / Axelrud, Luiza K / Schafer, Julia / Hoffmann, Mauricio Scopel / Salum, Giovanni Abrahão

    Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999)

    2024  

    Abstract: Objective: The aims of this study are to investigate the trajectory of positive attributes from childhood to early adulthood and to explore how those trajectories can be modified by two domains of childhood adversity - threat and deprivation.: Methods! ...

    Abstract Objective: The aims of this study are to investigate the trajectory of positive attributes from childhood to early adulthood and to explore how those trajectories can be modified by two domains of childhood adversity - threat and deprivation.
    Methods: A large prospective school-based community cohort of youths (n=2,511, 6-14 years of age, 45% female) was assessed and followed up for 3 years (80% retention) and 6 years (71% retention). Positive attributes were assessed by the Youth Strength Inventory (YSI). Childhood exposure to threat and deprivation were assessed by a composite measure using multiple indicators.
    Results: Trajectories of YSI scores were non-linear and distinct for boys and girls. While boys presented a more stable trajectory; girls showed higher levels of positive attributes early in life that decrease over time around adolescence. Both exposure to threat and deprivation presented negative linear association with YSI over time. Furthermore, we found interactions between developmental stage and both adversity domains meaning that the effects of exposure to adversity were stronger at earlier developmental stages and almost non-significant closer to early adulthood.
    Conclusion: Our findings provide new evidence on trajectories of positive attributes in youth and reveal and how experiences of adversity in early life impact not only mental disorder but also positive aspects of mental health.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-09
    Publishing country Brazil
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2024119-7
    ISSN 1809-452X ; 1809-452X
    ISSN (online) 1809-452X
    ISSN 1809-452X
    DOI 10.47626/1516-4446-2023-3456
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  5. Article ; Online: Editorial: The Role of Computational Models to Uncover the Cognitive Mechanisms Underpinning Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder.

    Salum, Giovanni Abrahão

    Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

    2020  Volume 60, Issue 5, Page(s) 577–578

    Abstract: Computational models mimic important concepts inherent to brain function and the relationships among these concepts in a mathematical form. ...

    Abstract Computational models mimic important concepts inherent to brain function and the relationships among these concepts in a mathematical form.
    MeSH term(s) Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders ; Child ; Cognition ; Computer Simulation ; Humans ; Irritable Mood ; Mood Disorders
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 392535-3
    ISSN 1527-5418 ; 0890-8567
    ISSN (online) 1527-5418
    ISSN 0890-8567
    DOI 10.1016/j.jaac.2020.12.017
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  6. Article ; Online: Mental health care delivery and quality of service provision in Brazil

    Lauro Estivalete Marchionatti / Kátia Bones Rocha / Natalia Becker / Natan Pereira Gosmann / Giovanni A. Salum

    SSM - Mental Health, Vol 3, Iss , Pp 100210- (2023)

    2023  

    Abstract: Public mental health system in Brazil is structured through “The Psychosocial Care Network (Rede de Atenção Psicossocial, RAPS)''. This coordinated system comprises primary care, specialized mental health care, crisis management services, inpatient units, ...

    Abstract Public mental health system in Brazil is structured through “The Psychosocial Care Network (Rede de Atenção Psicossocial, RAPS)''. This coordinated system comprises primary care, specialized mental health care, crisis management services, inpatient units, deinstitutionalization initiatives, and psychosocial rehabilitation programs. In this narrative review, we aim to provide an overview of mental health care delivery in Brazil by assessing three aspects of the RAPS: structure, operationalization, and current state. For reviewing its structure, we start by overviewing the public health system, then examining the psychiatric reform, as well as the law and policy that established the components of the community-based mental health system in the country. Regarding the operationalization, we review recommendations for how the different components of the system should be coordinated, as well as directions for practices at the assistance level. Finally, we review the results of the mental health system, including official data and academic publications assessing coverage, funding, and quality of care. Drawing on the results from this review, we highlight fragilities that indicate three future directions for strengthening the mental health provision in Brazil: establishing appropriate mechanisms for systematic assessment of the mental health system, improving the recommendations regarding the coordination and integration of services, and promoting evidence-based practices across the different levels of care provision.
    Keywords Mental health ; Public health ; Psychiatry ; Psychology ; Mental healing ; RZ400-408 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
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  7. Article: General Psychopathology, Cognition, and the Cerebral Cortex in 10-Year-Old Children: Insights From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.

    Patel, Yash / Parker, Nadine / Salum, Giovanni A / Pausova, Zdenka / Paus, Tomáš

    Frontiers in human neuroscience

    2022  Volume 15, Page(s) 781554

    Abstract: General psychopathology and cognition are likely to have a bidirectional influence on each other. Yet, the relationship between brain structure, psychopathology, and cognition remains unclear. This brief report investigates the association between ... ...

    Abstract General psychopathology and cognition are likely to have a bidirectional influence on each other. Yet, the relationship between brain structure, psychopathology, and cognition remains unclear. This brief report investigates the association between structural properties of the cerebral cortex [surface area, cortical thickness, intracortical myelination indexed by the T1w/T2w ratio, and neurite density assessed by restriction spectrum imaging (RSI)] with general psychopathology and cognition in a sample of children from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Higher levels of psychopathology and lower levels of cognitive ability were associated with a smaller cortical surface area. Inter-regionally-across the cerebral cortex-the strength of association between an area and psychopathology is strongly correlated with the strength of association between an area and cognition. Taken together, structural deviations particularly observed in the cortical surface area influence both psychopathology and cognition.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-13
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2425477-0
    ISSN 1662-5161
    ISSN 1662-5161
    DOI 10.3389/fnhum.2021.781554
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  8. Article ; Online: How can schools be integrated in promoting well-being, preventing mental health problems and averting substance-use disorders in urban populations?

    Spanemberg, Lucas / Salum, Giovanni A / Bado, Patrícia

    Current opinion in psychiatry

    2020  Volume 33, Issue 3, Page(s) 255–263

    Abstract: Purpose of review: Mental health and substance use problems are among the most prevalent and challenging problems faced by both high-income and low-income countries worldwide. This review will focus on summarizing scattered evidence of school-based ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: Mental health and substance use problems are among the most prevalent and challenging problems faced by both high-income and low-income countries worldwide. This review will focus on summarizing scattered evidence of school-based interventions to promote well-being and prevent mental health problems and substance use disorders in children and adolescents.
    Recent findings: We focus on two main areas of research: promotion of healthy school climate and prevention of bullying. Choosing among available interventions might be challenging, both because of the difficulties in assessing their efficacy and tailoring interventions to specific needs, but also because of the scarcity of intervention in low-resource settings. We provide some guidance on principles encompassed by the available evidence that can be used for policymakers and local communities aiming to integrate mental health promotion and prevention into their schools.
    Summary: Developing, implementing, scaling and sustaining school-based interventions is a necessity of our field if we want to move closer to sustainable development goals.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Bullying/prevention & control ; Child ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/prevention & control ; Mental Health ; School Health Services ; Schools ; Substance-Related Disorders/prevention & control ; Urban Population
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 645162-7
    ISSN 1473-6578 ; 0951-7367
    ISSN (online) 1473-6578
    ISSN 0951-7367
    DOI 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000591
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  9. Article ; Online: Estimated Prevalence of Perinatal Depression in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Considering Uncertainty of Test Properties.

    Gonçalves Pacheco, João Pedro / Salum, Giovanni / Hoffmann, Maurício Scopel

    JAMA psychiatry

    2023  Volume 80, Issue 8, Page(s) 856–857

    MeSH term(s) Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; Depression/diagnosis ; Depression/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Developing Countries ; Uncertainty ; Depressive Disorder/diagnosis ; Depressive Disorder/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2701203-7
    ISSN 2168-6238 ; 2168-622X
    ISSN (online) 2168-6238
    ISSN 2168-622X
    DOI 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.2016
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  10. Article ; Online: The synergistic effect of genetic and environmental factors in the development of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children and adolescents.

    Leffa, Douglas Teixeira / Caye, Arthur / Belangero, Sintia I / Gadelha, Ary / Pan, Pedro Mario / Salum, Giovanni Abrahão / Rohde, Luis Augusto

    Development and psychopathology

    2023  , Page(s) 1–11

    Abstract: Gene-environment interactions (GxE) have been increasingly explored in psychiatry but with low replication rates. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a suitable candidate for studying GxE due to its high heritability and well-defined ... ...

    Abstract Gene-environment interactions (GxE) have been increasingly explored in psychiatry but with low replication rates. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a suitable candidate for studying GxE due to its high heritability and well-defined environmental risk factors. Here, we explored GxE using polygenic risk score (PRS) to represent the genetic liability to ADHD (ADHD-PRS) and environmental risk score (ERS) to represent the combined effects of environmental risk factors. We analyzed longitudinal data of 2,046 individuals (6-14 years of age at baseline and 14-23 at the last follow-up) from the Brazilian High-Risk Cohort Study for Psychiatric Disorders. Psychiatric evaluation included the Child Behavior Checklist and the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Statistical analyses were performed using mixed-effects models. We observed statistically significant interactions between ADHD-PRS and ERS, suggesting that environmental and genetic factors act synergistically in the development of ADHD symptoms. These effects were not present for depression or anxiety symptoms. No evidence of GxE correlation was detected. Mechanistically, our findings suggest that environmental stressors modulate the genetic risk for ADHD. Future studies should investigate whether the reduction of environmental risks can prevent the development of symptoms of ADHD, especially in children with a family history of the disorder.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1036173-x
    ISSN 1469-2198 ; 0954-5794
    ISSN (online) 1469-2198
    ISSN 0954-5794
    DOI 10.1017/S0954579423000366
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