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  1. Article: The Evolutionary Dance between Innate Host Antiviral Pathways and SARS-CoV-2.

    Aliyari, Saba R / Quanquin, Natalie / Pernet, Olivier / Zhang, Shilei / Wang, Lulan / Cheng, Genhong

    Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

    2022  Volume 11, Issue 5

    Abstract: Compared to what we knew at the start of the SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic, our understanding of the interplay between the interferon signaling pathway and SARS-CoV-2 infection has dramatically increased. Innate antiviral strategies range from the direct ... ...

    Abstract Compared to what we knew at the start of the SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic, our understanding of the interplay between the interferon signaling pathway and SARS-CoV-2 infection has dramatically increased. Innate antiviral strategies range from the direct inhibition of viral components to reprograming the host's own metabolic pathways to block viral infection. SARS-CoV-2 has also evolved to exploit diverse tactics to overcome immune barriers and successfully infect host cells. Herein, we review the current knowledge of the innate immune signaling pathways triggered by SARS-CoV-2 with a focus on the type I interferon response, as well as the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 impairs those defenses.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-03
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2695572-6
    ISSN 2076-0817
    ISSN 2076-0817
    DOI 10.3390/pathogens11050538
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Interferon-stimulated gene PVRL4 broadly suppresses viral entry by inhibiting viral-cellular membrane fusion.

    Cai, Qiaomei / Sun, Nina / Zhang, Yurui / Wang, Jingfeng / Pan, Chaohu / Chen, Yu / Li, Lili / Li, Xiaorong / Liu, Wancheng / Aliyari, Saba R / Yang, Heng / Cheng, Genhong

    Cell & bioscience

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 23

    Abstract: Background: Viral infection elicits the type I interferon (IFN-I) response in host cells and subsequently inhibits viral infection through inducing hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) that counteract many steps in the virus life cycle. However, most ...

    Abstract Background: Viral infection elicits the type I interferon (IFN-I) response in host cells and subsequently inhibits viral infection through inducing hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) that counteract many steps in the virus life cycle. However, most of ISGs have unclear functions and mechanisms in viral infection. Thus, more work is required to elucidate the role and mechanisms of individual ISGs against different types of viruses.
    Results: Herein, we demonstrate that poliovirus receptor-like protein4 (PVRL4) is an ISG strongly induced by IFN-I stimulation and various viral infections. Overexpression of PVRL4 protein broadly restricts growth of enveloped RNA and DNA viruses, including vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), influenza A virus (IAV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) whereas deletion of PVRL4 in host cells increases viral infections. Mechanistically, it suppresses viral entry by blocking viral-cellular membrane fusion through inhibiting endosomal acidification. The vivo studies demonstrate that Pvrl4-deficient mice were more susceptible to the infection of VSV and IAV.
    Conclusion: Overall, our studies not only identify PVRL4 as an intrinsic broad-spectrum antiviral ISG, but also provide a candidate host-directed target for antiviral therapy against various viruses including SARS-CoV-2 and its variants in the future.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2593367-X
    ISSN 2045-3701
    ISSN 2045-3701
    DOI 10.1186/s13578-024-01202-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: The Evolutionary Dance between Innate Host Antiviral Pathways and SARS-CoV-2

    Saba R. Aliyari / Natalie Quanquin / Olivier Pernet / Shilei Zhang / Lulan Wang / Genhong Cheng

    Pathogens, Vol 11, Iss 538, p

    2022  Volume 538

    Abstract: Compared to what we knew at the start of the SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic, our understanding of the interplay between the interferon signaling pathway and SARS-CoV-2 infection has dramatically increased. Innate antiviral strategies range from the direct ... ...

    Abstract Compared to what we knew at the start of the SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic, our understanding of the interplay between the interferon signaling pathway and SARS-CoV-2 infection has dramatically increased. Innate antiviral strategies range from the direct inhibition of viral components to reprograming the host’s own metabolic pathways to block viral infection. SARS-CoV-2 has also evolved to exploit diverse tactics to overcome immune barriers and successfully infect host cells. Herein, we review the current knowledge of the innate immune signaling pathways triggered by SARS-CoV-2 with a focus on the type I interferon response, as well as the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 impairs those defenses.
    Keywords innate immunity ; interferon ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; Medicine ; R
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Genomic annotation and molecular evolution of monkeypox virus outbreak in 2022.

    Wang, Lulan / Shang, Jingzhe / Weng, Shenghui / Aliyari, Saba R / Ji, Chengyang / Cheng, Genhong / Wu, Aiping

    Journal of medical virology

    2022  Volume 95, Issue 1, Page(s) e28036

    Abstract: Monkeypox virus (MPXV) has generally circulated in West and Central Africa since its emergence. Recently, sporadic MPXV infections in several nonendemic countries have attracted widespread attention. Here, we conducted a systematic analysis of the recent ...

    Abstract Monkeypox virus (MPXV) has generally circulated in West and Central Africa since its emergence. Recently, sporadic MPXV infections in several nonendemic countries have attracted widespread attention. Here, we conducted a systematic analysis of the recent outbreak of MPXV-2022, including its genomic annotation and molecular evolution. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the MPXV-2022 strains belong to the same lineage of the MPXV strain isolated in 2018. However, compared with the MPXV strain in 2018, in total 46 new consensus mutations were observed in the MPXV-2022 strains, including 24 nonsynonymous mutations. By assigning mutations to 187 proteins encoded by the MPXV genome, we found that 10 proteins in the MPXV are more prone to mutation, including D2L-like, OPG023, OPG047, OPG071, OPG105, OPG109, A27L-like, OPG153, OPG188, and OPG210 proteins. In the MPXV-2022 strains, four and three nucleotide substitutions are observed in OPG105 and OPG210, respectively. Overall, our studies illustrated the genome evolution of the ongoing MPXV outbreak and pointed out novel mutations as a reference for further studies.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Monkeypox virus/genetics ; Mpox (monkeypox) ; Phylogeny ; Genomics ; Evolution, Molecular
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 752392-0
    ISSN 1096-9071 ; 0146-6615
    ISSN (online) 1096-9071
    ISSN 0146-6615
    DOI 10.1002/jmv.28036
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: SERTAD3 induces proteasomal degradation of ZIKV capsid protein and represents a therapeutic target.

    Sun, Nina / Zhang, Rong-Rong / Song, Guang-Yuan / Cai, Qiaomei / Aliyari, Saba R / Nielsen-Saines, Karin / Jung, Jae U / Yang, Heng / Cheng, Genhong / Qin, Cheng-Feng

    Journal of medical virology

    2022  Volume 95, Issue 2, Page(s) e28451

    Abstract: Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne RNA virus that belongs to the Flaviviridae family. While flavivirus replication is known to occur in the cytoplasm, a significant portion of the viral capsid protein localizes to the nucleus during infection. However, ...

    Abstract Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne RNA virus that belongs to the Flaviviridae family. While flavivirus replication is known to occur in the cytoplasm, a significant portion of the viral capsid protein localizes to the nucleus during infection. However, the role of the nuclear capsid is less clear. Herein, we demonstrated SERTA domain containing 3 (SERTAD3) as an antiviral interferon stimulatory gene product had an antiviral ability to ZIKV but not JEV. Mechanistically, we found that SERTAD3 interacted with the capsid protein of ZIKV in the nucleolus and reduced capsid protein abundance through proteasomal degradation. Furthermore, an eight amino acid peptide of SERTAD3 was identified as the minimum motif that binds with ZIKV capsid protein. Remarkably, the eight amino acids synthetic peptide from SERTAD3 significantly prevented ZIKV infection in culture and pregnant mouse models. Taken together, these findings not only reveal the function of SERTAD3 in promoting proteasomal degradation of a specific viral protein but also provide a promising host-targeted therapeutic strategy against ZIKV infection.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Female ; Mice ; Pregnancy ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Capsid Proteins/metabolism ; Virus Replication ; Zika Virus/genetics ; Zika Virus Infection
    Chemical Substances Antiviral Agents ; Capsid Proteins ; Sertad3 protein, mouse
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 752392-0
    ISSN 1096-9071 ; 0146-6615
    ISSN (online) 1096-9071
    ISSN 0146-6615
    DOI 10.1002/jmv.28451
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Identification of an immunogenic epitope and protective antibody against the furin cleavage site of SARS-CoV-2Research in context

    Lili Li / Meiling Gao / Jie Li / Xuping Xie / Hui Zhao / Yanan Wang / Xin Xu / Shulong Zu / Chunfeng Chen / Dingyi Wan / Jing Duan / Jingfeng Wang / Saba R. Aliyari / Sarah Gold / Jicai Zhang / Cheng-Feng Qin / Pei-Yong Shi / Heng Yang / Genhong Cheng

    EBioMedicine, Vol 87, Iss , Pp 104401- (2023)

    1480  

    Abstract: Summary: Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, contains a unique, four amino acid (aa) “PRRA” insertion in the spike (S) protein that ... ...

    Abstract Summary: Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, contains a unique, four amino acid (aa) “PRRA” insertion in the spike (S) protein that creates a transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2)/furin cleavage site and enhances viral infectivity. More research into immunogenic epitopes and protective antibodies against this SARS-CoV-2 furin cleavage site is needed. Methods: Combining computational and experimental methods, we identified and characterized an immunogenic epitope overlapping the furin cleavage site that detects antibodies in COVID-19 patients and elicits strong antibody responses in immunized mice. We also identified a high-affinity monoclonal antibody from COVID-19 patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells; the antibody directly binds the furin cleavage site and protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection in a mouse model. Findings: The presence of “PRRA” amino acids in the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 not only creates a furin cleavage site but also generates an immunogenic epitope that elicits an antibody response in COVID-19 patients. An antibody against this epitope protected against SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice. Interpretation: The immunogenic epitope and protective antibody we have identified may augment our strategy in handling COVID-19 epidemic. Funding: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (82102371, 91542201, 81925025, 82073181, and 81802870), the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Initiative for Innovative Medicine (2021-I2M-1-047 and 2022-I2M-2-004), the Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2020-PT310-006, 2019XK310002, and 2018TX31001), the National Key Research and Development Project of China (2020YFC0841700), US National Institute of Health (NIH) funds grant AI158154, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) AI and Charity Treks, and UCLA DGSOM BSCRC COVID-19 Award Program. H.Y. is supported by Natural Science Foundation ...
    Keywords SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; Immunogenic epitope ; Furin site ; S protein ; Medicine ; R ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 570
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article: Antibody engineering improves neutralization activity against K417 spike mutant SARS-CoV-2 variants.

    Li, Lili / Gao, Meiling / Jiao, Peng / Zu, Shulong / Deng, Yong-Qiang / Wan, Dingyi / Cao, Yang / Duan, Jing / Aliyari, Saba R / Li, Jie / Shi, Yueyue / Rao, Zihe / Qin, Cheng-Feng / Guo, Yu / Cheng, Genhong / Yang, Heng

    Cell & bioscience

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 63

    Abstract: Background: Neutralizing antibodies are approved drugs to treat coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients, yet mutations in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) variants may reduce the antibody neutralizing activity. New ... ...

    Abstract Background: Neutralizing antibodies are approved drugs to treat coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients, yet mutations in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) variants may reduce the antibody neutralizing activity. New monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antibody remolding strategies are recalled in the battle with COVID-19 epidemic.
    Results: We identified multiple mAbs from antibody phage display library made from COVID-19 patients and further characterized the R3P1-E4 clone, which effectively suppressed SARS-CoV-2 infection and rescued the lethal phenotype in mice infected with SARS-CoV-2. Crystal structural analysis not only explained why R3P1-E4 had selectively reduced binding and neutralizing activity to SARS-CoV-2 variants carrying K417 mutations, but also allowed us to engineer mutant antibodies with improved neutralizing activity against these variants. Thus, we screened out R3P1-E4 mAb which inhibits SARS-CoV-2 and related mutations in vitro and in vivo. Antibody engineering improved neutralizing activity of R3P1-E4 against K417 mutations.
    Conclusion: Our studies have outlined a strategy to identify and engineer neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2593367-X
    ISSN 2045-3701
    ISSN 2045-3701
    DOI 10.1186/s13578-022-00794-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Suppressing fatty acid synthase by type I interferon and chemical inhibitors as a broad spectrum anti-viral strategy against SARS-CoV-2.

    Aliyari, Saba R / Ghaffari, Amir Ali / Pernet, Olivier / Parvatiyar, Kislay / Wang, Yao / Gerami, Hoda / Tong, Ann-Jay / Vergnes, Laurent / Takallou, Armin / Zhang, Adel / Wei, Xiaochao / Chilin, Linda D / Wu, Yuntao / Semenkovich, Clay F / Reue, Karen / Smale, Stephen T / Lee, Benhur / Cheng, Genhong

    Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 4, Page(s) 1624–1635

    Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 is an emerging viral pathogen and a major global public health challenge since December of 2019, with limited effective treatments throughout the pandemic. As part of the innate immune response to viral infection, type I interferons (IFN-I) ... ...

    Abstract SARS-CoV-2 is an emerging viral pathogen and a major global public health challenge since December of 2019, with limited effective treatments throughout the pandemic. As part of the innate immune response to viral infection, type I interferons (IFN-I) trigger a signaling cascade that culminates in the activation of hundreds of genes, known as interferon stimulated genes (ISGs), that collectively foster an antiviral state. We report here the identification of a group of type I interferon suppressed genes, including fatty acid synthase (FASN), which are involved in lipid metabolism. Overexpression of FASN or the addition of its downstream product, palmitate, increased viral infection while knockout or knockdown of FASN reduced infection. More importantly, pharmacological inhibitors of FASN effectively blocked infections with a broad range of viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 and its variants of concern. Thus, our studies not only suggest that downregulation of metabolic genes may present an antiviral strategy by type I interferon, but they also introduce the potential for FASN inhibitors to have a therapeutic application in combating emerging infectious diseases such as COVID-19.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-28
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2211-3835
    ISSN 2211-3835
    DOI 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.02.019
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: TRIM22 suppresses Zika virus replication by targeting NS1 and NS3 for proteasomal degradation.

    Zu, Shulong / Li, Chunfeng / Li, Lili / Deng, Yong-Qiang / Chen, Xiang / Luo, Dan / Ye, Qing / Huang, Yi-Jiao / Li, Xiao-Feng / Zhang, Rong-Rong / Sun, Nina / Zhang, Xianqi / Aliyari, Saba R / Nielsen-Saines, Karin / Jung, Jae U / Yang, Heng / Qin, Cheng-Feng / Cheng, Genhong

    Cell & bioscience

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 139

    Abstract: Background: Recognition of viral invasion by innate antiviral immune system triggers activation of the type I interferon (IFN-I) and proinflammatory signaling pathways. Subsequently, IFN-I induction regulates expression of a group of genes known as IFN- ... ...

    Abstract Background: Recognition of viral invasion by innate antiviral immune system triggers activation of the type I interferon (IFN-I) and proinflammatory signaling pathways. Subsequently, IFN-I induction regulates expression of a group of genes known as IFN-I-stimulated genes (ISGs) to block viral infection. The tripartite motif containing 22 (TRIM22) is an ISG with strong antiviral functions.
    Results: Here we have shown that the TRIM22 has been strongly upregulated both transcriptionally and translationally upon Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. ZIKV infection is associated with a wide range of clinical manifestations in human from mild to severe symptoms including abnormal fetal brain development. We found that the antiviral function of TRIM22 plays a crucial role in counterattacking ZIKV infection. Overexpression of TRIM22 protein inhibited ZIKV growth whereas deletion of TRIM22 in host cells increased ZIKV infectivity. Mechanistically, TRIM22, as a functional E3 ubiquitin ligase, promoted the ubiquitination and degradation of ZIKV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) and nonstructural protein 3 (NS3). Further studies showed that the SPRY domain and Ring domain of TRIM22 played important roles in protein interaction and degradation, respectively. In addition, we found that TRIM22 also inhibited other flaviviruses infection including dengue virus (DENV) and yellow fever virus (YFV).
    Conclusion: Thus, TRIM22 is an ISG with important role in host defense against flaviviruses through binding and degradation of the NS1 and NS3 proteins.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2593367-X
    ISSN 2045-3701
    ISSN 2045-3701
    DOI 10.1186/s13578-022-00872-w
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Identification of an immunogenic epitope and protective antibody against the furin cleavage site of SARS-CoV-2.

    Li, Lili / Gao, Meiling / Li, Jie / Xie, Xuping / Zhao, Hui / Wang, Yanan / Xu, Xin / Zu, Shulong / Chen, Chunfeng / Wan, Dingyi / Duan, Jing / Wang, Jingfeng / Aliyari, Saba R / Gold, Sarah / Zhang, Jicai / Qin, Cheng-Feng / Shi, Pei-Yong / Yang, Heng / Cheng, Genhong

    EBioMedicine

    2022  Volume 87, Page(s) 104401

    Abstract: Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, contains a unique, four amino acid (aa) "PRRA" insertion in the spike (S) protein that creates a ... ...

    Abstract Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, contains a unique, four amino acid (aa) "PRRA" insertion in the spike (S) protein that creates a transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2)/furin cleavage site and enhances viral infectivity. More research into immunogenic epitopes and protective antibodies against this SARS-CoV-2 furin cleavage site is needed.
    Methods: Combining computational and experimental methods, we identified and characterized an immunogenic epitope overlapping the furin cleavage site that detects antibodies in COVID-19 patients and elicits strong antibody responses in immunized mice. We also identified a high-affinity monoclonal antibody from COVID-19 patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells; the antibody directly binds the furin cleavage site and protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection in a mouse model.
    Findings: The presence of "PRRA" amino acids in the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 not only creates a furin cleavage site but also generates an immunogenic epitope that elicits an antibody response in COVID-19 patients. An antibody against this epitope protected against SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice.
    Interpretation: The immunogenic epitope and protective antibody we have identified may augment our strategy in handling COVID-19 epidemic.
    Funding: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (82102371, 91542201, 81925025, 82073181, and 81802870), the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Initiative for Innovative Medicine (2021-I2M-1-047 and 2022-I2M-2-004), the Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2020-PT310-006, 2019XK310002, and 2018TX31001), the National Key Research and Development Project of China (2020YFC0841700), US National Institute of Health (NIH) funds grant AI158154, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) AI and Charity Treks, and UCLA DGSOM BSCRC COVID-19 Award Program. H.Y. is supported by Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20211554 andBE2022728).
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Mice ; SARS-CoV-2/metabolism ; COVID-19 ; Furin/chemistry ; Furin/metabolism ; Antibody Formation ; Epitopes ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism ; Antibodies
    Chemical Substances Furin (EC 3.4.21.75) ; Epitopes ; Antibodies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-09
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2851331-9
    ISSN 2352-3964
    ISSN (online) 2352-3964
    DOI 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104401
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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