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Article: In vivo

van Hal, Vera H J / de Hoop, Hein / van Sambeek, Marc R H M / Schwab, Hans-Martin / Lopata, Richard G P

2024 Volume 15, Page(s) 1320456

Abstract: Introduction: ...

Abstract	Introduction:
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2564217-0
ISSN	1664-042X
ISSN	1664-042X
DOI	10.3389/fphys.2024.1320456
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Article: The impact of intermittent fasting on gut microbiota: a systematic review of human studies.

Paukkonen, Isa / Törrönen, Elli-Noora / Lok, Johnson / Schwab, Ursula / El-Nezami, Hani

Frontiers in nutrition

2024 Volume 11, Page(s) 1342787

Abstract: Background: Intermittent fasting (IF) has gained popularity in interventions targeting overweight, obesity and metabolic syndrome. IF may affect the gut microbiome composition and therefore have various effects on gut microbiome mediated functions in ... ...

Abstract	Background: Intermittent fasting (IF) has gained popularity in interventions targeting overweight, obesity and metabolic syndrome. IF may affect the gut microbiome composition and therefore have various effects on gut microbiome mediated functions in humans. Research on the effects of IF on human gut microbiome is limited. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review was to determine how different types of IF affect the human gut microbiome. Methods: A literature search was conducted for studies investigating the association of different types of IF and gut microbiota richness, alpha and beta diversity, and composition in human subjects. Databases included Cochrane Library (RRID:SCR_013000), PubMed (RRID:SCR_004846), Scopus (RRID:SCR_022559) and Web of Science (RRID:SCR_022706). A total of 1,332 studies were retrieved, of which 940 remained after removing duplicates. Ultimately, a total of 8 studies were included in the review. The included studies were randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies and pilot studies implementing an IF intervention (time-restricted eating, alternate day fasting or 5:2 diet) in healthy subjects or subjects with any disease. Results: Most studies found an association between IF and gut microbiota richness, diversity and compositional changes. There was heterogeneity in the results, and bacteria which were found to be statistically significantly affected by IF varied widely depending on the study. Conclusion: The findings in this systematic review suggest that IF influences gut microbiota. It seems possible that IF can improve richness and alpha diversity. Due to the substantial heterogeneity of the results, more research is required to validate these findings and clarify whether the compositional changes might be beneficial to human health. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42021241619.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	2776676-7
ISSN	2296-861X
ISSN	2296-861X
DOI	10.3389/fnut.2024.1342787
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Article: Measurable Residual Disease Detection in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Current Challenges and Future Directions.

Moritz, Jennifer / Schwab, Antonia / Reinisch, Andreas / Zebisch, Armin / Sill, Heinz / Wölfler, Albert

Biomedicines

2024 Volume 12, Issue 3

Abstract: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive malignant disease with a high relapse rate due to the persistence of chemoresistant cells. To some extent, these residual cells can be traced by sensitive flow cytometry and molecular methods resulting in the ...

Abstract	Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive malignant disease with a high relapse rate due to the persistence of chemoresistant cells. To some extent, these residual cells can be traced by sensitive flow cytometry and molecular methods resulting in the establishment of measurable residual disease (MRD). The detection of MRD after therapy represents a significant prognostic factor for predicting patients' individual risk of relapse. However, due to the heterogeneity of the disease, a single sensitive method for MRD detection applicable to all AML patients is lacking. This review will highlight the advantages and limitations of the currently available detection methods-PCR, multiparameter flow cytometry, and next generation sequencing-and will discuss emerging clinical implications of MRD test results in tailoring treatment of AML patients.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2720867-9
ISSN	2227-9059
ISSN	2227-9059
DOI	10.3390/biomedicines12030599
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Article ; Online: Chondrosarcoma of the Mobile Spine: An Update on Patients Treated at a Single Institution.

Tobert, Daniel G / Messier, Sidney / Schoenfeld, Andrew J / Bakshi, Chinmay / MacDonald, Shannon M / Schwab, Joseph H

Spine

2024

Abstract: Study design: Retrospective study.: Objective: The objective is to report the clinical data for patients treated with mobile spine chondrosarcoma.: Summary of background data: Chondrosarcoma of the mobile spine is a rare and challenging entity. A ... ...

Abstract	Study design: Retrospective study. Objective: The objective is to report the clinical data for patients treated with mobile spine chondrosarcoma. Summary of background data: Chondrosarcoma of the mobile spine is a rare and challenging entity. A handful of case series have been published that report the clinical results of treatment, largely influenced by chondrosarcoma of the appendicular skeleton and pelvis. The clinical results of patients treated for chondrosarcoma of the mobile spine from our institution were published over ten years ago and this represents and update since that publication. Methods: Inclusion criteria were adults patients treated for chondrosarcoma of the mobile spine at Massachusetts General Hospital between 2007-2020. Patients with large sacral tumors extending into the lumbar spine were excluded. Further, we excluded patients with metastatic chondrosarcoma undergoing palliative decompressions for neurologic instability or instrumented procedures for biomechanical instability. Therefore, only patients undergoing definitive surgery at the primary site of disease in the mobile spine were included. Results: Twenty-four patients were included for review in this series. Seventeen of the 24 patients had their tumors excised with negative (R0) margins. Three of these 17 patients (18%) were dead of disease at final follow-up. There were two patients with R1 resections and five patients with R2 resections. Three of the 7 patients (43%) with positive margins were dead of disease at final follow-up. A Cox proportional hazard analysis indicated total radiation dose was a significant covariate (HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.01 - 1.39, P=0.03). Conclusion: We found higher percentages of overall survival with R0 tumor resection and lower histologic grade whereas development of metastatic disease was closely associated with local recurrence and poor survival. Despite the improvements in treatment paradigms, it is sobering that our findings largely mirror those of previous work considering patients treated between 1984 and 2006.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	752024-4
ISSN	1528-1159 ; 0362-2436
ISSN (online)	1528-1159
ISSN	0362-2436
DOI	10.1097/BRS.0000000000005023
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Zs.A 1305: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Comparing machine learning algorithms for non-invasive detection and classification of failure in piezoresistive bone cement via electrical impedance tomography.

Keiderling, L / Rosendorf, J / Owens, C E / Varadarajan, K M / Hart, A J / Schwab, J / Tallman, T N / Ghaednia, H

The Review of scientific instruments

2023 Volume 94, Issue 12

Abstract: At an estimated cost of $8 billion annually in the United States, revision surgeries to total joint replacements represent a substantial financial burden to the health care system and a tremendous mental and physical burden on patients and their ... ...

Abstract	At an estimated cost of $8 billion annually in the United States, revision surgeries to total joint replacements represent a substantial financial burden to the health care system and a tremendous mental and physical burden on patients and their caretakers. Fixation failures, such as implant loosening, wear, and mechanical instability of the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) cement, which bonds the implant to the bone, are the main causes of long-term implant failure. Early and accurate diagnosis of cement failure is critical for developing novel therapeutic strategies and reducing the high risk of a misjudged revision. Unfortunately, prevailing imaging modalities, notably plain radiographs, struggle to detect the precursors of implant failure and are often interpreted incorrectly. Our prior work has shown that the modification of PMMA bone cement with low concentrations of conductive fillers makes it piezoresistive and therefore self-sensing. When combined with a conductivity imaging modality such as electrical impedance tomography (EIT), it is possible to monitor load transfer across the PMMA using cost-effective, physiologically benign, non-contact, and real-time electrical measurements. Despite the ability of EIT for monitoring load transfer across self-sensing PMMA bone cement, it is unable to accurately characterize failure mechanisms. Overcoming this challenge is critical to the success of this technology in practice. Therefore, we herein expand upon our previous results by integrating machine learning techniques with EIT for cement condition characterization with the goal of establishing the feasibility of even off-the-shelf machine learning algorithms to address this important problem. We survey a wide variety of different machine learning algorithms for application to this problem, including neural networks on voltage readings of an EIT phantom for tracking the spatial position of a sample, specifying defect orientation within a sample, and classifying defect types, including cracks and delaminations. In addition, we explore the utilization of principal component analysis (PCA) for pre-treating impedance signals in each of these problems. Within the tested algorithms, our results show clear advantages of neural networks, support vector machines, and K-nearest neighbor algorithms for interpreting EIT signals. We also show that PCA is an effective addition to machine learning. These preliminary results demonstrate that the combination of smart materials, EIT, and machine learning may be a powerful instrumentation tool for diagnosing the origin and evolution of mechanical failure in joint replacements.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Bone Cements ; Electric Impedance ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Algorithms ; Tomography/methods
Chemical Substances	Bone Cements ; Polymethyl Methacrylate (9011-14-7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	209865-9
ISSN	1089-7623 ; 0034-6748
ISSN (online)	1089-7623
ISSN	0034-6748
DOI	10.1063/5.0131671
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Article ; Online: An aberration correction approach for single and dual aperture ultrasound imaging of the abdomen.

van Hal, Vera H J / Muller, Jan-Willem / van Sambeek, Marc R H M / Lopata, Richard G P / Schwab, Hans-Martin

Ultrasonics

2023 Volume 131, Page(s) 106936

Abstract: Abdominal ultrasound image quality is hampered by phase aberration, that is mainly caused by the large speed-of-sound (SoS) differences between fat and muscle tissue in the abdominal wall. The mismatch between the assumed and actual SoS distribution ... ...

Abstract	Abdominal ultrasound image quality is hampered by phase aberration, that is mainly caused by the large speed-of-sound (SoS) differences between fat and muscle tissue in the abdominal wall. The mismatch between the assumed and actual SoS distribution introduces general blurring of the ultrasound images, and acoustic refraction can lead to geometric distortion of the imaged features. Large aperture imaging or dual-transducer imaging can improve abdominal imaging at deep locations by providing increased contrast and resolution. However, aberration effects for large aperture imaging can be even more severe, which limits its full potential. In this study, a model-based aberration correction method for arbitrary acquisition schemes is introduced for delay-and-sum (DAS) beamforming and its performance was analyzed for both single- and dual-transducer ultrasound imaging. The method employs aberration corrected wavefront arrival times, using manually assigned local SoS values. Two wavefront models were compared. The first model is based on a straight ray approximation, and the second model on the Eikonal equation, which is solved by a multi-stencils fast marching method. Their accuracy for abdominal imaging was evaluated in acoustic simulations and phantom experiments involving tissue-mimicking and porcine material with large SoS contrast (∼100 m/s). The lateral resolution was improved by up to 90% in simulations and up to 65% in experiments compared to standard DAS, in which the use of Eikonal beamforming generally outperformed straight ray beamforming. Moreover, geometric distortions were mitigated in multi-aperture imaging, leading to a reduction in position error of around 80%. A study on the sensitivity of the aberration correction to shape and SoS of aberrating layers was performed, showing that even with imperfect segmentations or SoS values, aberration correction still outperforms standard DAS.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Swine ; Algorithms ; Ultrasonography/methods ; Abdomen/diagnostic imaging ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Sound
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-07
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	200839-7
ISSN	1874-9968 ; 0041-624X
ISSN (online)	1874-9968
ISSN	0041-624X
DOI	10.1016/j.ultras.2023.106936
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Zs.B 1133: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Analysis of complications and revisions after spine surgery in 270 multiple myeloma patients with spinal involvement.

Zijlstra, H / Pierik, R J / Crawford, A M / Tobert, D G / Wolterbeek, N / Oosterhoff, J H F / Delawi, D / Terpstra, W E / Kempen, D H R / Verlaan, J J / Schwab, J H

European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society

2023 Volume 32, Issue 12, Page(s) 4335–4354

Abstract: Background context: Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) are at increased risk of infections and suffer from poor bone quality due to their disseminated malignant bone disease. Therefore, postoperative complications may occur following surgical treatment ...

Abstract	Background context: Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) are at increased risk of infections and suffer from poor bone quality due to their disseminated malignant bone disease. Therefore, postoperative complications may occur following surgical treatment of MM lesions. Purpose: In this study, we aimed to determine the incidence of postoperative complications and retreatments after spinal surgery in MM patients. Additionally, we sought to identify risk factors associated with complications and retreatments. Study design: Retrospective cohort study. Patient sample: In total, 270 patients with MM who received surgical treatment for spinal involvement between 2008 and 2021 were included. Outcome measures: The incidence of perioperative complications within 6 weeks and reoperations within 2.5 years and individual odds ratios for factors associated with these complications and reoperations. Methods: Data were collected through manual chart review. Hosmer and Lemeshow's purposeful regression method was used to identify risk factors for complications and reoperations. Results: The median age of our cohort was 65 years (SD = 10.8), and 58% were male (n = 57). Intraoperative complications were present in 24 patients (8.9%). The overall 6-week complication rate after surgery was 35% (n = 95). The following variables were independently associated with 6-week complications: higher Genant grading of a present vertebral fracture (OR 1.41; 95% CI 1.04-1.95; p = .031), receiving intramuscular or intravenous steroids within a week prior to surgery (OR 3.97; 95% CI 1.79-9.06; p = .001), decompression surgery without fusion (OR 6.53; 95% CI 1.30-36.86; p = .026), higher creatinine levels (OR 2.18; 95% CI 1.19-5.60; p = .014), and lower calcium levels (OR 0.58; 95% CI 0.37-0.88; p = .013). A secondary surgery was indicated for 53 patients (20%), of which 13 (4.8%) took place within two weeks after the initial surgery. We additionally discovered factors associated with retreatments, which are elucidated within the manuscript. Conclusion: The goal of surgical treatment for MM bone disease is to enhance patient quality of life and reduce symptom burden. However, postoperative complication rates remain relatively high after spine surgery in patients with MM, likely attributable to both inherent characteristics of the disease and patient comorbidities. The risk for complications and secondary surgeries should be explored and a multidisciplinary approach is crucial.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Aged ; Female ; Retrospective Studies ; Multiple Myeloma/epidemiology ; Multiple Myeloma/surgery ; Quality of Life ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology ; Postoperative Complications/etiology ; Bone Diseases/complications ; Spinal Fusion/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-14
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1115375-1
ISSN	1432-0932 ; 0940-6719
ISSN (online)	1432-0932
ISSN	0940-6719
DOI	10.1007/s00586-023-07903-1
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Book ; Online: Information bottleneck theory of high-dimensional regression

Ngampruetikorn, Vudtiwat / Schwab, David J.

relevancy, efficiency and optimality

2022

Abstract: Avoiding overfitting is a central challenge in machine learning, yet many large neural networks readily achieve zero training loss. This puzzling contradiction necessitates new approaches to the study of overfitting. Here we quantify overfitting via ... ...

Abstract	Avoiding overfitting is a central challenge in machine learning, yet many large neural networks readily achieve zero training loss. This puzzling contradiction necessitates new approaches to the study of overfitting. Here we quantify overfitting via residual information, defined as the bits in fitted models that encode noise in training data. Information efficient learning algorithms minimize residual information while maximizing the relevant bits, which are predictive of the unknown generative models. We solve this optimization to obtain the information content of optimal algorithms for a linear regression problem and compare it to that of randomized ridge regression. Our results demonstrate the fundamental tradeoff between residual and relevant information and characterize the relative information efficiency of randomized regression with respect to optimal algorithms. Finally, using results from random matrix theory, we reveal the information complexity of learning a linear map in high dimensions and unveil information-theoretic analogs of double and multiple descent phenomena. Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures
Keywords	Computer Science - Information Theory ; Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics ; Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Physics - Data Analysis ; Statistics and Probability ; Statistics - Machine Learning ; H.1.1 ; I.2.6
Subject code	006
Publishing date	2022-08-07
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Genome-Wide Association Study of Atorvastatin Pharmacokinetics: Associations With SLCO1B1, UGT1A3, and LPP.

Mykkänen, Anssi J H / Tarkiainen, E Katriina / Taskinen, Suvi / Neuvonen, Mikko / Paile-Hyvärinen, Maria / Lilius, Tuomas O / Tapaninen, Tuija / Klein, Kathrin / Schwab, Matthias / Backman, Janne T / Tornio, Aleksi / Niemi, Mikko

Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics

2024

Abstract: In a genome-wide association study of atorvastatin pharmacokinetics in 158 healthy volunteers, the SLCO1B1 c.521T>C (rs4149056) variant associated with increased area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity ( ... ...

Abstract	In a genome-wide association study of atorvastatin pharmacokinetics in 158 healthy volunteers, the SLCO1B1 c.521T>C (rs4149056) variant associated with increased area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	123793-7
ISSN	1532-6535 ; 0009-9236
ISSN (online)	1532-6535
ISSN	0009-9236
DOI	10.1002/cpt.3236
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Article ; Online: EuroTrauma, delays in access to bleeding control. A comparison between a conventional and a hybrid trauma center, both European military trauma centers.

de Malleray, Hilaire / Hackenberg, Lisa / Cardinale, Michael / Kollig, Erwin / Schwab, Robert / Bordes, Julien / Bieler, Dan

European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society

2024

Abstract: ... lower in Toulon 84 min vs. 92 (p = 0.114). No impact on mortality at 24 h 9% in Koblenz and 11 ...

Abstract	Purpose: Comparison of access times to CT and surgical/radiological bleeding control between two European military trauma centers. Methods: Retrospective and observational study conducted in two military level 1 trauma centers in Toulon (France) and Koblenz (Germany) between 2013 and 2018. Inclusion of severe trauma patients with ISS > 15 with clinical and biological criteria of bleeding. Results: Inclusion of 607 patients (318 in Toulon and 289 in Koblenz). Mean ISS 30. Median access time to CT significantly lower for Koblenz, 14 vs. 30 min; p < 0.001. Median access time to the emergency bleeding control lower in Toulon 84 min vs. 92 (p = 0.114). No impact on mortality at 24 h 9% in Koblenz and 11% in Toulon. Mortality at 28 days identical 17%. Conclusion: The organizational innovation at the military hospital in Koblenz saves time in the injury assessment. However, it has no impact on the access time to the scanner and on the mortality at 24 and 28 days. This fight against hemorrhage is a management bundle including delays, transfusion, and team training. Clinical trial registration: 2,002,878 v 0.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-30
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2275480-5
ISSN	1863-9941 ; 1863-9933
ISSN (online)	1863-9941
ISSN	1863-9933
DOI	10.1007/s00068-024-02455-5
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